{
 "id": "event/killing-of-asma-bint-marwan",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "killing-of-asma-bint-marwan",
 "label": {
  "ar": "غزوة عمير بن عدي الخطمي لقتل عصماء بنت مروان",
  "en": "Umayr ibn Adi al-Khatmi's mission to kill Asma' bint Marwan"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "يروي ابن إسحاق عن عبد الله بن الحارث بن الفضيل عن أبيه أن عصماء بنت مروان، من بني أمية بن زيد وكانت تحت يزيد بن زيد الخطمي، نافقت بعد قتل أبي عفك وقالت شعراً تعيب فيه الإسلام وأهله وتحرّض على النبي، فأجابها حسان بن ثابت؛ فقال النبي حين بلغه: ألا آخذ لي من ابنة مروان؟ فسمعه عمير بن عدي الخطمي فسرى عليها في بيتها ليلاً فقتلها، فقال له النبي: نصرت الله ورسوله يا عمير، ولا ينتطح فيها عنزان؛ ويقول ابن إسحاق إن ذلك اليوم كان أول ما عزّ الإسلام في دار بني خطمة.",
  "en": "Ibn Ishaq relates from Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn al-Fudayl from his father that Asma' bint Marwan, of Banu Umayya ibn Zayd and married to Yazid ibn Zayd of Banu Khatma, showed hypocrisy after Abu Afak's killing and composed verses reviling Islam and its people and inciting against the Prophet, which Hassan ibn Thabit answered; when it reached the Prophet he said 'is there no one to deal with the daughter of Marwan for me?' Umayr ibn Adi al-Khatmi heard him, went to her house that night and killed her, and the Prophet told him 'you have helped God and His Messenger, Umayr', and that no two goats would butt heads over her. Ibn Ishaq says that day was the first on which Islam became strong among Banu Khatma."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "dissent-heresy-freethought",
  "literature",
  "women",
  "laws-of-war-and-peace"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 625.0004449098885,
  "latest": 625.9997809674078
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0625~",
   "hijri": "0003~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "«فلما قُتل أبو عفك نافقت» عند ابن إسحاق؛ أصحاب المغازي المتأخرون يضعونها في رمضان سنة 2هـ (needs_source).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0625~",
   "hijri": "0003~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "«فلما قُتل أبو عفك نافقت» عند ابن إسحاق؛ أصحاب المغازي المتأخرون يضعونها في رمضان سنة 2هـ (needs_source).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "death",
  "sensitivity": "violence",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0625~",
    "hijri": "0003~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "debated",
    "note": "«فلما قُتل أبو عفك نافقت» عند ابن إسحاق؛ أصحاب المغازي المتأخرون يضعونها في رمضان سنة 2هـ (needs_source).",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
    ]
   }
  },
  "issue": {
   "ar": "كيف يُقرأ قتل عصماء بنت مروان بسبب شعرها؟",
   "en": "How is the killing of Asma' bint Marwan for her verses to be read?"
  },
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "id": "sunni-ibn-ishaq",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "خبر مغازٍ يُروى بإسناد قصير وبلا تعليق"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يرويه ابن إسحاق عن عبد الله بن الحارث بن الفضيل عن أبيه: شعرها عيب للإسلام وتحريض على النبي بعد قتل أبي عفك، فقتلها عمير وأقرّه النبي وقال: لا ينتطح فيها عنزان؛ ويجعل ابن إسحاق ثمرة الخبر عزّ الإسلام في بني خطمة وإسلام رجال منهم."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "id": "sunni-later",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "تضعيف الخبر أو تعليله عند المتأخرين"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يضعّف كثير من علماء السنة المتأخرين الخبر لضعف طرقه في كتب المغازي، أو يعلّلونه بأن شعرها كان تحريضاً صريحاً على قتل النبي في حال حرب؛ المراجع المحددة لم تُضف بعد (needs_source)."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "academic",
    "id": "academic",
    "summary": {
     "ar": "تناقش الدراسات الحديثة صحة الخبر ودلالته على موقف المدينة المبكرة من الهجاء ومن النساء الشاعرات، وتختلف فيه اختلافاً كبيراً؛ مرجع أكاديمي محدد لم يُضف بعد (needs_source)."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 pp. 285-287",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-14"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Fable 5.1; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 pp. 285-287; Tier A"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "يعدّ ابن إسحاق في جملة السرايا «غزوة [[person/umayr-ibn-adi-al-khatmi|عمير بن عدي الخطمي]] عصماء بنت مروان»، وهي من [[group/banu-umayya-ibn-zayd|بني أمية بن زيد]]؛ ويقول: فلما قُتل [[person/abu-afak|أبو عفك]] نافقت. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/285} يرويه عن عبد الله بن الحارث بن الفضيل عن أبيه: كانت تحت رجل من [[group/banu-khatma|بني خطمة]] يقال له يزيد بن زيد، فقالت شعراً تعيب الإسلام وأهله. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/285}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "شعرها وجواب حسان",
     "markdown": "في أبياتها، كما يوردها ابن إسحاق، تهجو بني مالك والنبيت وعوفاً وبني الخزرج بأنهم أطاعوا غريباً «أتاوياً» ليس من مراد ولا مذحج، يرجونه بعد قتل رؤوسهم كما يُرتجى مرق المنضج، وتتمنى رجلاً أنفاً يبتغي غرّته فيقطع أمل المرتجي. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286} فأجابها [[person/hassan-ibn-thabit|حسان بن ثابت]] بأبيات يذكر فيها بني وائل وواقفاً وخطمة دون بني الخزرج، وأنها لما دعت سفهاً هزّت فتى ماجداً كريم المداخل والمخرج فضرّجها بالدم بعد الهدوّ ولم يأثم. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286} انظر [[work/asma-bint-marwan-verses-against-the-ansar|أبياتها]] و[[work/hassan-reply-to-asma-bint-marwan|جواب حسان]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "القتل",
     "markdown": "فقال النبي حين بلغه ذلك: ألا آخذ لي من ابنة مروان؟ فسمعه عمير بن عدي الخطمي وهو عنده، فلما أمسى من تلك الليلة سرى عليها في بيتها فقتلها، ثم أصبح مع النبي فقال: يا رسول الله إني قد قتلتها؛ فقال: نصرت الله ورسوله يا عمير؛ فسأله: هل عليّ شيء من شأنها؟ فقال: لا ينتطح فيها عنزان، أي أن شأنها هيّن لا طلب فيه بثأر كما يفسّر المحققون. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "بنو خطمة",
     "markdown": "رجع عمير إلى قومه وبنو خطمة يومئذ كثير موجهم في شأن بنت مروان، ولها يومئذ خمسة بنين رجال، فقال: يا بني خطمة، أنا قتلت ابنة مروان، فكيدوني جميعاً ثم لا تُنظرون. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286} {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/287} ويقول ابن إسحاق: فذلك اليوم أول ما عزّ الإسلام في دار بني خطمة، وكان يستخفي بإسلامه فيهم من أسلم؛ وأول من أسلم منهم عمير بن عدي «الذي يُدعى القارئ» وعبد الله بن أوس و[[person/khuzayma-ibn-thabit|خزيمة بن ثابت]]، وأسلم يوم قُتلت رجال من بني خطمة لما رأوا من عز الإسلام. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/287}\n\n:::perspectives\n- **أهل السنة: ابن إسحاق**: يروي الخبر بإسناد قصير وبلا تعليق، ويجعل سببه شعرها في عيب الإسلام والتحريض على النبي، وثمرته أن الإسلام عزّ في بني خطمة؛ وتعبير النبي «لا ينتطح فيها عنزان» عنده إعلان أن لا تبعة في قتلها. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286}\n- **أهل السنة: المتأخرون**: يضعّف كثير من العلماء المتأخرين الخبر لضعف طرقه في المغازي، أو يقبلونه معلّلاً بأن الشعر كان تحريضاً صريحاً على قتل النبي في حال حرب، لا مجرد هجاء؛ المراجع المحددة لم تُضف بعد (needs_source). {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286}\n- **الباحثون**: تناقش الدراسات الحديثة صحة الخبر وما يدل عليه من موقف المدينة المبكرة من شعر الهجاء ومن النساء الشاعرات، وتختلف في تقديره اختلافاً كبيراً؛ مرجع أكاديمي محدد لم يُضف بعد (needs_source). {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286}\n:::"
    },
    {
     "heading": "في المتحف",
     "markdown": "المتحف ينقل الخبر كما رواه ابن إسحاق بإسناده، ووصف «النفاق» من كلامه، ولا يصدر حكماً على الفعل؛ ويُدرج الخبر في طبقة المراجعة الأولى مع خبر أبي عفك لما فيهما من قتل بسبب القول، ولخلاف المسلمين أنفسهم في ثبوتهما. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "علامات الرواية",
     "markdown": "- الإسناد: عبد الله بن الحارث بن الفضيل عن أبيه، منقطع عن زمن الحدث. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/285}\n- «ألا آخذ لي» وفي نسخة «ألا أحد». {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286}\n- «عصماء» في الطبعة، وفي كتب أخرى «أسماء» (needs_source).\n- التاريخ غير منصوص عند ابن إسحاق."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/killing-of-asma-bint-marwan",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Ibn Ishaq counts among the raids \"the expedition of [[person/umayr-ibn-adi-al-khatmi|Umayr ibn Adi al-Khatmi]] against Asma bint Marwan\", who was of the [[group/banu-umayya-ibn-zayd|Banu Umayya ibn Zayd]]. He says: when [[person/abu-afak|Abu Afak]] was killed, she became a hypocrite. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/285} He relates it from Abd Allah ibn al-Harith ibn al-Fudayl from his father: she was married to a man of the [[group/banu-khatma|Banu Khatma]] called Yazid ibn Zayd, and she composed verses disparaging Islam and its people. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/285}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Her verses and Hassan's reply",
     "markdown": "In her verses, as Ibn Ishaq gives them, she satirises the Banu Malik, the Nabit, Awf and the Banu al-Khazraj for obeying a stranger, a \"foreigner\" who is neither of Murad nor of Madhhij, whom they hope for after their leaders have been killed, as the broth of a cooked dish is hoped for. She wishes for a man of pride who seeks his opening and cuts off the hope of the one who hopes. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286} [[person/hassan-ibn-thabit|Hassan ibn Thabit]] answered her with verses that mention the Banu Wa'il, Waqif and Khatma apart from the Banu al-Khazraj, and that when she called to folly he shook a young man of noble lineage and entrance and exit, who struck her with blood after calm and did not sin. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286} See [[work/asma-bint-marwan-verses-against-the-ansar|her verses]] and [[work/hassan-reply-to-asma-bint-marwan|Hassan's reply]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The killing",
     "markdown": "When the Prophet heard of this, he said: will no one take for me from the daughter of Marwan? Umayr ibn Adi al-Khatmi heard him where he was. That night he went to her house, entered and killed her. In the morning he came to the Prophet and said: Messenger of God, I have killed her. The Prophet said: you have helped God and His Messenger, Umayr. Umayr asked whether there was any blame on him for her case. He said: \"two goats will not butt against each other over her\", meaning her case is slight and there is no claim of vengeance for it, as the scholars explain. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The Banu Khatma",
     "markdown": "Umayr went back to his people, while the Banu Khatma were then many in the matter of the daughter of Marwan, and she had five grown sons. He said: O Banu Khatma, I have killed the daughter of Marwan; plot against me all together, and do not delay me. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286} {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/287} Ibn Ishaq says: that day was the first time Islam became strong in the house of the Banu Khatma, and some among them who had been concealing their Islam declared it openly; the first of them to accept Islam were Umayr ibn Adi, \"who is called the Reciter\", Abd Allah ibn Aws and [[person/khuzayma-ibn-thabit|Khuzayma ibn Thabit]]. Men of the Banu Khatma accepted Islam on the day when men of their clan were killed, because of what they saw of Islam's strength. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/287}\n\n:::perspectives\n- **Sunni: Ibn Ishaq**: He relates the report with a short chain and without comment. He makes its cause her verses disparaging Islam and inciting against the Prophet, and its outcome that Islam became strong among the Banu Khatma. In his account the Prophet's words \"two goats will not butt against each other over her\" are a declaration that there is no liability for her killing. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286}\n- **Sunni: later scholars**: Many later scholars weaken the report because its chains in the biographies are weak, or accept it while explaining that the verses were explicit incitement to kill the Prophet in time of war, and not mere satire. The specific sources have not yet been added (needs_source). {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286}\n- **Researchers**: Modern studies discuss the report's authenticity and what it shows about the early Medina attitude to satirical poetry and to women poets, and differ greatly in their assessment. A specific academic reference has not yet been added (needs_source). {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286}\n:::"
    },
    {
     "heading": "In the museum",
     "markdown": "The museum gives the report as Ibn Ishaq relates it with its chain. The word \"hypocrisy\" comes from his words, and the museum does not pass a judgement on the act. The report is placed in the first review tier together with the report of Abu Afak, because both involve a killing over speech and because Muslims themselves disagree about whether they are authentic. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Marks of the report",
     "markdown": "- The chain: Abd Allah ibn al-Harith ibn al-Fudayl from his father; it is cut off from the time of the event. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/285}\n- \"Will no one take for me\" appears in one copy as \"will no one take\". {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/286}\n- \"Asma\" is given in the edition; other books have \"Asma\". An additional source is needed.\n- Ibn Ishaq does not state a date."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/killing-of-asma-bint-marwan",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 22,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/asma-bint-marwan",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "المقتولة",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/hassan-ibn-thabit",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أجاب شعر عصماء",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umayr-ibn-adi-al-khatmi",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "القاتل",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-khatma",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "قوم القاتل وزوج المقتولة؛ عزّ الإسلام فيهم يومئذ",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-umayya-ibn-zayd",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "قوم عصماء بنت مروان",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/killing-of-abu-afak",
   "type": "caused_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "«فلما قُتل أبو عفك نافقت»",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "قال: ألا آخذ لي من ابنة مروان؟ ثم: نصرت الله ورسوله",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "work/asma-bint-marwan-verses-against-the-ansar",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "work/hassan-reply-to-asma-bint-marwan",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "work/hassan-reply-to-asma-bint-marwan",
  "event/killing-of-abu-afak",
  "person/asma-bint-marwan",
  "place/medina",
  "work/asma-bint-marwan-verses-against-the-ansar",
  "event/incident-of-the-slander",
  "event/sariyya-of-uyayna-to-banu-tamim",
  "group/banu-khatma"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}