{
 "id": "event/killing-of-kab-ibn-al-ashraf",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "killing-of-kab-ibn-al-ashraf",
 "label": {
  "en": "The killing of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf",
  "ar": "مقتل كعب بن الأشرف"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "The assassination of the Jewish poet Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf in Rabi' al-Awwal 3 AH by a band led by Muhammad ibn Maslama, after he incited Quraysh to war and satirized Muslim women.",
  "ar": "مقتل الشاعر كعب بن الأشرف في حصنه بنواحي المدينة في ربيع الأول 3هـ على يد مفرزة من الأوس بقيادة محمد بن مسلمة، بعد تحريضه قريشاً على قتال المسلمين وتشبيبه بنسائهم."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "literature",
  "factions-splits-schisms",
  "polemic-and-apologetic"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 624.666420255036,
  "latest": 624.7485574652139
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0624-09~",
   "hijri": "0003-03-14",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "ليلة 14 ربيع الأول سنة 3هـ في حصنه بشرقي المدينة (الرحيق ص242–245)"
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0624-09~",
   "hijri": "0003-03-14",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "ليلة 14 ربيع الأول سنة 3هـ في حصنه بشرقي المدينة (الرحيق ص242–245)"
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "other",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0624-09~",
    "hijri": "0003-03-14",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "day",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "ليلة 14 ربيع الأول سنة 3هـ في حصنه بشرقي المدينة (الرحيق ص242–245)"
   }
  },
  "issue": {
   "ar": "كيف تصف المصادر والدراسات مقتل كعب بن الأشرف وسببه؟",
   "en": "How do the sources and studies describe the killing of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf and its cause?"
  },
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "id": "sunni",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Sunni sources record that Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf openly broke the covenant of Medina by traveling to Mecca to incite Quraysh to wage war on Muslims, writing abusive satire against Muslim women, and planning treachery.",
     "ar": "تعد الرواية السنية كعب بن الأشرف محارباً نقض العهد جهاراً؛ برحيله إلى مكة وتحريضه قريشاً على الثأر، ونظمه قصائد تهجو النبي وتشتم نساء المسلمين، فكان قتله حكماً عسكرياً مشروعاً على خائن ومحارب."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
     "source/sahih-al-bukhari",
     "source/ibn-hisham-sira"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "academic",
    "id": "academic",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Western historians analyze the assassination as a targeted political strike against a prominent opposition leader whose poetry threatened community morale and coalition stability.",
     "ar": "ينظر المؤرخون الأكاديميون إلى مقتل كعب بوصفه اغتيالاً سياسياً استراتيجياً استهدف زعيم معارضة شاعراً كان يهدد تماسك حلف المدينة ويثير قوى خارجية لغزوها."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/watt-1956-medina"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/sahih-al-bukhari",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/zad-al-maad",
   "source/watt-1956-medina"
  ],
  "sensitivity": "contested",
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Antigravity; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 242–245 citing Bukhari 2/576, Ibn Hisham 2/51–57, Zad al-Maad 2/91"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "كان [[person/kab-ibn-al-ashraf|كعب بن الأشرف]] شاعراً ثرياً ووجيهاً من بني النضير (أبوه نبهاني عربي وأمه يهودية نضيرية)، وكان شديد العداوة للإسلام؛ فلما بلغه نصر بدر خرج إلى مكة يرثي قتلى المشركين ويحرض قريشاً على غزو [[place/medina|المدينة المنورة]]، ثم رجع إلى المدينة يشبب بنساء المسلمين ويجاهر بهجائهم. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.242}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تشكيل المفرزة",
     "markdown": "قال النبي لأصحابه: «من لكعب بن الأشرف؟ فإنه قد آذى الله ورسوله»، فانتدب له [[person/muhammad-ibn-maslama|محمد بن مسلمة]]، واختار معه أربعة من رجال الأوس: [[person/silkan-ibn-salama|سلكان بن سلامة (أبو نائلة)]] وكان أخا كعب من الرضاعة، و[[person/abbad-ibn-bishr|عباد بن بشر]]، و[[person/al-harith-ibn-aws|الحارث بن أوس]]، و[[person/abu-abs-ibn-jabr|أبا عبس بن جبر]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.243} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 2/576}\n\nواستأذن محمد بن مسلمة النبي أن يقولوا كلاماً يستدرجون به كعباً فأذن لهم؛ فجاءه أبو نائلة وحدثه بشكوى ضيق العيش والحاجة إلى طعام يسلفهم إياه برهن سلاحهم لئلا ينكر مجيئهم مسلحين ليلاً، فاطمأن كعب وواعدهم. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.243} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 2/52}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التنفيذ ومصرع كعب",
     "markdown": "في ليلة مقمرة (ليلة 14 ربيع الأول سنة 3هـ) شيعهم النبي إلى بقيع الغرقد ودعا لهم، فمضوا إلى حصن كعب وناداه أبو نائلة فنزل إليهم متطيباً رغم تحذير زوجته. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.244}\n\nمشى أبو نائلة معه يلاطفه ويشم طيب رأسه، حتى تمكن من فودي رأسه فقبض عليه وقال لأصحابه: «دونكم عدو الله»، فضربوه بأسيافهم، ثم وضع محمد بن مسلمة مغولاً في ثنته فتحامل عليه حتى قتله. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.244} {cite:zad-al-maad 2/91}\n\nوأصيب الحارث بن أوس بجرح ناتج عن ذباب سيف أحد أصحابه في الظلمة فاحتملوه إلى المدينة، فلما بلغوا النبي كبروا فكبر ودعا للحارث وتفل على جرحه فبرأ. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp.244-245}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/killing-of-kab-ibn-al-ashraf",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "[[person/kab-ibn-al-ashraf|Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf]] was a wealthy poet and notable of Banu al-Nadir (his father an Arab of Banu Nabhan, his mother a Nadirene Jewess), and a fierce enemy of Islam; when news of the Badr victory reached him he went to Mecca to elegise the polytheist dead and incite Quraysh to invade [[place/medina|Medina]], then returned to Medina composing love-verses about Muslim women and openly lampooning them. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 242}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Forming the detachment",
     "markdown": "The Prophet said to his Companions: \"who will deal with Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf? He has harmed God and His Messenger.\" [[person/muhammad-ibn-maslama|Muhammad ibn Maslama]] volunteered, choosing with him four men of the Aws: [[person/silkan-ibn-salama|Silkan ibn Salama (Abu Na'ila)]] — Ka'b's foster-brother — [[person/abbad-ibn-bishr|Abbad ibn Bishr]], [[person/al-harith-ibn-aws|al-Harith ibn Aws]] and [[person/abu-abs-ibn-jabr|Abu Abs ibn Jabr]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 243} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 2/576}\n\nMuhammad ibn Maslama asked the Prophet's leave to say words by which to draw Ka'b out, and he permitted it; Abu Na'ila went to him complaining of straitened living and need of food, to be lent against the pledge of their weapons — so that he would not think it strange they came armed at night — and Ka'b was reassured and set them a tryst. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 243} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 2/52}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The execution and Ka'b's fall",
     "markdown": "On a moonlit night (the night of 14 Rabi' al-Awwal, year 3 AH) the Prophet saw them off as far as Baqi' al-Gharqad and prayed for them; they went to Ka'b's fortress and Abu Na'ila called him down, and he came down perfumed despite his wife's warning. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 244}\n\nAbu Na'ila walked with him flattering him and smelling the perfume in his hair until he had hold of his forelocks, gripped them and said to his companions: \"the enemy of God is yours!\" They struck him with their swords, then Muhammad ibn Maslama set a dagger at his midriff and bore down on him until he had killed him. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 244} {cite:zad-al-maad 2/91}\n\nAl-Harith ibn Aws was wounded by a companion's sword-glint in the darkness; they carried him to Medina, and when they reached the Prophet they called the takbir and he called it too, then prayed for al-Harith and spat on his wound and it healed. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp. 244-245}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/killing-of-kab-ibn-al-ashraf",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 18,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abbad-ibn-bishr",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad-ibn-maslama",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/kab-ibn-al-ashraf",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الشاعر القتيل في حصنه",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/silkan-ibn-salama",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أبو نائلة رضيع كعب بن الأشرف والمستدرج له",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-harith-ibn-aws",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أحد أفراد المفرزة (أصيب بجرح في ساقه)",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-abs-ibn-jabr",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أحد أفراد المفرزة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "المأذون بقتله والمودع للمفرزة إلى بقيع الغرقد",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "event/battle-of-uhud",
  "event/expedition-of-dhat-al-riqa",
  "event/siege-of-banu-qaynuqa",
  "event/death-of-abdullah-ibn-ubayy",
  "event/battle-of-the-trench",
  "event/brotherhood-of-muhajirun-and-ansar",
  "event/burial-of-the-prophet"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}