{
 "id": "event/marriage-to-zaynab-bint-jahsh",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "marriage-to-zaynab-bint-jahsh",
 "label": {
  "en": "Marriage to Zaynab bint Jahsh",
  "ar": "زواج النبي بزينب بنت جحش"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "تزوج النبي بزينب بنت جحش بعد طلاق زيد بن حارثة لها في ذي القعدة سنة 5هـ، إبطالاً لقاعدة التبني الجاهلية التي كانت تحرم زوجة الابن بالتبني؛ ونزل فيها آيات سورة الأحزاب وأثار المنافقون حولها دعايات.",
  "en": "The Prophet married Zaynab bint Jahsh after Zayd ibn Haritha divorced her, in Dhu al-Qa'da 5 AH, abolishing by act the jahili adoption rule that had treated an adopted son's wife as a real son's wife; verses of sura al-Ahzab were revealed about it and the hypocrites spread propaganda around it."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "family-marriage-kinship",
  "women"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "other",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "hijri": "0005-11~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "month",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "في ذي القعدة سنة 5هـ في أيام حصار بني قريظة (الرحيق المختوم ص 474، 477)",
    "sources": [
     "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
    ]
   }
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم، البيت النبوي، ص 474، 476-478",
   "generated_by": "Devin",
   "model": "SWE-2 High",
   "run": "raheeq-batch-24"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/tanzil-quran"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); mined from al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 474-478"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "تزوج النبي ب[[person/zaynab-bint-jahsh|زينب بنت جحش]] بعد طلاق [[person/zayd-ibn-haritha|زيد بن حارثة]] لها في ذي القعدة سنة 5هـ، هدماً لقاعدة التبني الجاهلية التي كانت تحرم زوجة الابن بالتبني {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص474، 477}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "خبر الوقعة",
     "markdown": "كانت زينب بنت جحش بنت عمة النبي، وكانت تحت زيد بن حارثة الذي كان يُعتبر ابناً للنبي، فطلقها زيد {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص474}. وكان للمتبنى عند العرب في الجاهلية جميع حرمات الابن الحقيقي وحقوقه، وكانت قاعدة متأصلة تجلب مفاسد في النكاح والميراث جاء الإسلام ليمحوها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص476}. فأمر الله نبيه أن ينكحها ليهدم القاعدة فعلاً كما هدمها قولاً، وتزوجها في ذي القعدة سنة خمس من الهجرة في أيام فرض الحصار على بني قريظة بعد انقضاء عدتها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص474، 477}. ونزل فيها من سورة الأحزاب قوله تعالى [[passage/quran-33-37|الأحزاب 37]] «فلما قضى زيد منها وطرا زوجناكها لكي لا يكون على المؤمنين حرج في أزواج أدعيائهم»، ومعها آيات فصلت قضية التبني منها [[passage/quran-33-5|الأحزاب 5]] «ادعوهم لآبائهم هو أقسط عند الله» و[[passage/quran-33-40|الأحزاب 40]] «ما كان محمد أبا أحد من رجالكم» {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص477؛ tanzil-quran}. وأثار المنافقون وساوس ودعايات كاذبة واسعة حول هذا النكاح أثر بعضها في ضعفاء المسلمين، لا سيما أنها كانت خامسة أزواجه ولم يكن المسلمون يعرفون يومها حل الزواج بأكثر من أربع، وأن زيداً كان يعتبر ابناً {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص477-478}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "وجهات نظر",
     "markdown": "يقرأ أهل السنة النكاح أمراً إلهياً لنسف قاعدة التبني تشريعاً وفعلاً، ويستدلون بعتاب الآية له على تخشيته الناس {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص477}. وتتناول الدراسات الحديثة الواقعة ضمن نقدها الأوسع لتعدد زيجاته ولسرديات المدافعين عنها، مع إبقاء التفاصيل على ظاهر النصوص المأثورة {cite:watt-1956-medina}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "تزوج النبي بزينب بعد طلاق زيد لها؛ فكان الزواج درساً عملياً للعرب أن الابن بالتبني ليس كالابن الحقيقي في الأحكام."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/marriage-to-zaynab-bint-jahsh",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "The Prophet married [[person/zaynab-bint-jahsh|Zaynab bint Jahsh]] after [[person/zayd-ibn-haritha|Zayd ibn Haritha]]'s divorce from her in Dhu al-Qa'da of year 5 AH — demolishing the Jahiliyya rule of adoption that made an adopted son's wife forbidden {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp. 474, 477}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The account",
     "markdown": "Zaynab bint Jahsh was the daughter of the Prophet's aunt and was married to Zayd ibn Haritha, who was regarded as the Prophet's son; Zayd divorced her {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 474}. In the Arabs' Jahiliyya an adopted son carried all the prohibitions and rights of a true son — a deep-rooted rule that brought harms in marriage and inheritance, which Islam came to erase {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 476}. God commanded His prophet to marry her to demolish the rule in deed as it had been demolished in word; he married her in Dhu al-Qa'da of year five of the hijra, in the days of the siege of Banu Qurayza, after her waiting period ended {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp. 474, 477}. Concerning it came down from Sura al-Ahzab [[passage/quran-33-37|al-Ahzab 37]] \"when Zayd had no more need of her, We wed her to you so there be no hardship on the believers regarding the wives of their adopted sons\", and with it verses settling the matter of adoption, among them [[passage/quran-33-5|al-Ahzab 5]] \"call them by their fathers — that is more equitable before God\" and [[passage/quran-33-40|al-Ahzab 40]] \"Muhammad was not the father of any of your men\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 477; tanzil-quran}. The hypocrites stirred whisperings and wide false propaganda around this marriage, some of which affected the weak among the Muslims — particularly as she was his fifth wife while the Muslims did not then know marriage beyond four was lawful, and Zayd had been considered a son {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp. 477-478}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Perspectives",
     "markdown": "The Sunnis read the marriage as a divine command to demolish the adoption rule in legislation and deed, citing the verse's rebuke of him for fearing the people {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 477}. Modern studies treat the event within their broader criticism of his multiple marriages and of the apologists' narratives, keeping the details to the transmitted texts' face {cite:watt-1956-medina}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "The Prophet married Zaynab after Zayd divorced her; the marriage was a practical lesson for the Arabs that an adopted son is not like a true son in rulings."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/marriage-to-zaynab-bint-jahsh",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 10,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/zaynab-bint-jahsh",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "subject",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-33-37",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-33-40",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-33-5",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/muhammad",
  "event/marriage-of-fatima-and-ali",
  "event/the-choice-of-the-prophets-wives",
  "group/mothers-of-the-believers",
  "person/fatima",
  "person/salma-bint-amr",
  "event/death-of-ibrahim",
  "event/death-of-umm-kulthum-bint-muhammad"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}