{
 "id": "event/massacre-of-najran",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "massacre-of-najran",
 "label": {
  "en": "The Massacre of Najran (Ashab al-Ukhdud)",
  "ar": "مذبحة نجران (أصحاب الأخدود)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "In October 523 the Himyarite king Dhu Nuwas, a convert to Judaism, marched on the Christians of Najran demanding they renounce their faith; on their refusal he dug the great trench and burned them — men, women, children and elders, twenty to forty thousand by report — the Ashab al-Ukhdud of Surat al-Buruj, whose blood summoned the Abyssinian occupation.",
  "ar": "في أكتوبر سنة 523م قاد ذو نواس — وقد تهوّد — حملة على نصارى نجران ليصرفهم عن دينهم قسراً؛ فلما أبوا خدّ لهم الأخدود وأحرقهم بالنار رجالاً ونساءً وصغاراً وشيوخاً، وقيل ما بين عشرين ألفاً وأربعين ألفاً — وهم أصحاب الأخدود في سورة البروج، وكان من جراء ذلك الاحتلال الحبشي الثاني لليمن."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "wars-and-campaigns",
  "islam-and-christianity"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 523.7471679774396,
  "latest": 523.8320430946246
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0523-10",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "أكتوبر 523م عند المباركفوري."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0523-10",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "أكتوبر 523م عند المباركفوري."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "massacre",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0523-10",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "month",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "أكتوبر 523م عند المباركفوري."
   }
  },
  "sides": [
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Himyarite host",
     "ar": "جند ذي نواس"
    },
    "participants": [
     "person/dhu-nuwas"
    ],
    "commanders": [
     "person/dhu-nuwas"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Christians of Najran",
     "ar": "نصارى نجران"
    },
    "participants": [
     "group/christians-of-najran"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/tafhim-al-quran"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 23–34 (batch 25b)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "أخدود نجران: إحراق [[person/dhu-nuwas|ذي نواس]] الملك الحميري المتيهّد لنصارى نجران في أكتوبر 523م — أصحاب الأخدود في سورة البروج."
    },
    {
     "heading": "القصة",
     "markdown": "دخلت اليهودية اليمن من قبل تبّان أسعد أبي كرب الذي اعتنقها بيثرب وجاء بحبرين إلى اليمن؛ ولما ولي ابنه يوسف ذو نواس هجم على المسيحيين من أهل [[place/najran|نجران]] ودعاهم إلى اعتناق اليهودية {cite:tafhim-al-quran}.\n\nفلما أبوا خدّ لهم الأخدود وأحرقهم بالنار، ولم يفرّق بين الرجل والمرأة والأطفال الصغار والشيوخ الكبار، ويقال إن عدد المقتولين ما بين عشرين ألفاً إلى أربعين ألفاً، ووقع ذلك في أكتوبر سنة 523م {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.\n\nوقد أورد القرآن جزءاً من هذه القصة في سورة البروج: «قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الْأُخْدُودِ» ([[passage/quran-85-4|البروج 4]] وما بعدها) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "كان من جراء ذلك نقمة النصرانية الناشطة إلى الفتح والتوسع تحت قيادة أباطرة الروم على بلاد العرب، فحرّضوا الأحباش وهيأوا لهم الأسطول فاحتلوا اليمن سنة 525م {cite:tafhim-al-quran}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "ملك اليمن أراد إجبار نصارى نجران على ترك دينهم، فلما رفضوا أحرقهم في خندق من نار — وهي القصة التي ذكرها القرآن."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/massacre-of-najran",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The trench of Najran: the burning of Najran's Christians by [[person/dhu-nuwas|Dhu Nuwas]], the Judaized Himyarite king, in October 523 CE — the \"People of the Trench\" of Sura al-Buruj."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The story",
     "markdown": "Judaism entered Yemen through the convert Tubba' As'ad Abu Karib, who had adopted it at Yathrib and brought two rabbis to Yemen; when his son Yusuf Dhu Nuwas ruled he attacked the Christians of [[place/najran|Najran]] and called on them to adopt Judaism {cite:tafhim-al-quran}.\n\nWhen they refused he dug the trench for them and burned them with fire, making no distinction between man and woman, small child and aged elder; the dead are said to have numbered between twenty and forty thousand, in October of 523 CE {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.\n\nThe Qur'an recounted part of this story in Sura al-Buruj: \"slain were the People of the Trench\" ([[passage/quran-85-4|al-Buruj 4]] and what follows) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Aftermath",
     "markdown": "This stirred militant Christianity to conquest and expansion under the Roman emperors over the Arabs' lands; they incited the Abyssinians and prepared the fleet for them, who occupied Yemen in 525 CE {cite:tafhim-al-quran}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Yemen's king wanted to force the Christians of Najran to leave their religion; when they refused he burned them in a trench of fire — the story the Qur'an mentions."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/massacre-of-najran",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 10,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/dhu-nuwas",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "القائد الذي خدّ الأخدود وأحرقهم",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/ibn-hisham-sira"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/najran",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/christians-of-najran",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الجماعة المحروقة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/pre-islamic-arabia",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-85-4",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen",
  "event/battle-of-dhu-qar",
  "event/expulsion-of-jurhum",
  "event/flood-of-al-aram",
  "event/persian-rule-of-yemen",
  "event/qusayy-takes-mecca",
  "person/abu-haritha-ibn-alqama",
  "person/dhu-nuwas"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}