{
 "id": "event/menorca-capture-685",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "menorca-capture-685",
 "label": {
  "ar": "سقوط منورقة في يد طاغية برشلونة",
  "en": "The fall of Minorca to the lord of Barcelona"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في سنة 685هـ وكب طاغية برشلونة إلى جزيرة منورقة في أساطيله في عشرين ألفاً من الرجال المقاتلة، ومروا بها كأنهم سفر من التجار وطلبوا النزول للاستسقاء فأذن لهم أبو عمر بن حكم رئيسها، فلما تساحلوا أعلنوا الحرب وتزاحم الجيش ثلاثاً يُثخن فيهم المسلمون في كلها بالآلاف والطاغية قاعد عن الزحف، فلما كان اليوم الثالث زحف في العسكر فانهزم المسلمون وانحصروا في كعاب القلعة، وعقدوا لابن حكم ذمة في أهله وحاشيته فخرجوا إلى سبتة ونزل الباقون على حكم العدو.",
  "en": "In 685 AH the lord of Barcelona swept onto the island of Minorca with twenty thousand fighting men in his fleet, approaching as if a merchant convoy and asking leave to water, which the ruler Abu Umar ibn Hakam granted; once ashore they declared war, and three times the Muslims repulsed them with losses in the thousands while the tyrant sat back — until the third day he joined the assault, the Muslims broke into the citadel's keep, contracted safe-conduct for Ibn Hakam's family and retinue who sailed to Ceuta, and the rest submitted to the enemy's rule."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "andalus-europe"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/mongol-post-mongol"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1286.002381979096,
  "latest": 1287.0017180366153
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1286",
   "hijri": "0685",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "سنة 685هـ؛ التحويل مشتق.",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1286",
   "hijri": "0685",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "سنة 685هـ؛ التحويل مشتق.",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "conquest",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "1286",
    "hijri": "0685",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "derived": true,
    "note": "سنة 685هـ؛ التحويل مشتق.",
    "sources": [
     "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
    ]
   }
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "ابن خلدون، العبر — أخبار استيلاء العدو على الجزر، ص1729 (المجلد السادس، طبعة هيليوبوليس)",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "model": "swe-2-high",
   "run": "lib-ibar-maghreb-2"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); extracted from Ibn Khaldun al-Ibar via Apple Vision OCR"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "في سنة 685هـ نزل ملك برشلونة جزيرة منورقة بأساطيله في عشرين ألف مقاتل، فسقطت الجزيرة بيده. هذا ما يرويه ابن خلدون في «العبر». {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "كيف نزلوا",
     "markdown": "يذكر ابن خلدون أنهم مرّوا بالجزيرة كأنهم تجار مسافرون، وطلبوا النزول للاستسقاء. فأذن لهم رئيسها أبو عمر بن حكم. فلما نزلوا أعلنوا الحرب. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "القتال والتسليم",
     "markdown": "تزاحم الجيش ثلاثة أيام، وأثخن فيه المسلمون بالآلاف، وملك برشلونة قاعد عن الزحف. وفي اليوم الثالث زحف بالعسكر فانهزم المسلمون وانحصروا في القلعة. وعقدوا لابن حكم أماناً في أهله وحاشيته فخرجوا إلى سبتة، ونزل الباقون على حكم العدو. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التاريخ",
     "markdown": "سنة 685هـ، ومقابلها الميلادي (1286م) تحويل مشتق. لم يُذكر رقم الصفحة في البيانات، ويحتاج التأريخ إلى مصدر ثانٍ."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/menorca-capture-685",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "In 685 AH the king of Barcelona landed on the island of Minorca with his fleet and about twenty thousand fighters, and the island fell into his hands. This is what Ibn Khaldun relates in \"al-Ibar\". {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "How they landed",
     "markdown": "Ibn Khaldun says that they passed by the island as if they were travelling merchants, and asked to land to draw water. Its ruler, Abu Umar ibn Hakam, allowed them. When they had landed they declared war. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The fighting and surrender",
     "markdown": "The army pressed for three days, and the Muslims inflicted heavy losses on them in the thousands, while the king of Barcelona stayed back from the advance. On the third day he advanced with the army, the Muslims were routed and they were shut up in the fortress. They granted Ibn Hakam safe conduct for his family and retinue, and they went out to Ceuta, and the rest surrendered to the enemy's judgement. {cite:tarikh-ibn-khaldun-ibar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Date",
     "markdown": "685 AH, with a Gregorian equivalent (1286 CE) that is derived. The page number is not given in the data and needs a second source."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/menorca-capture-685",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}