{
 "id": "event/nikephoros-harun-war",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "nikephoros-harun-war",
 "label": {
  "ar": "كتاب نقفور وغزوة هرقلة"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في سنة سبع وثمانين ومئة أتى الرشيد كتاب من ملك الروم نقفور ينقض الهدنة التي كانت عقدت بين المسلمين وبين الملكة ريني فكتب إليه من نقفور ملك الروم إلى هارون ملك العرب أما بعد فإن الملكة التي كانت قبلي أقامتك مقام الرخ وأقامت نفسها مقام البيذق فحملت إليك من أموالها أحمالاً وذلك لضعف النساء وحمقهن فإذا قرأت كتابي فاردد ما حصل قبلك من أموالها وإلا فالسيف بيننا وبينك، فاستشاط الرشيد غضباً وكتب على ظهر كتابه من هارون أمير المؤمنين إلى نقفور كلب الروم قد قرأت كتابك يا ابن الكافرة والجواب ما تراه لا ما تسمعه، ثم سار ليومه فلم يزل حتى نازل مدينة هرقل وكانت غزوة مشهودة وفتحاً مبيناً فطلب نقفور الموادعة والتزم بخراج يحمله كل سنة فأجيب، فلما رجع الرشيد إلى الرقة نقض العهد لإياسه من كرة الرشيد في البرد فكر راجعاً في مشقة شديدة حتى أناخ بفنائه وحاز جهاده {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 461-462}.",
  "en": "In year 187 a letter reached al-Rashid from Nikephoros, king of the Romans, repudiating the truce made with Empress Irene: 'she set you as the rook and herself as the pawn, carrying you loads of her wealth from women's weakness — restore what reached you or the sword is between us.' Al-Rashid raged and wrote on the letter's back: 'from Harun, Commander of the Faithful, to Nikephoros, dog of the Romans: I have read your letter, son of the infidel woman — the answer is what you will see, not what you will hear.' He marched that day to Heraclea — a witnessed conquest — and Nikephoros sued for peace at yearly tribute; but on the caliph's return to Raqqa he broke faith, trusting winter, and al-Rashid turned back in hardship until he camped before his city and took his prize {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 461-462}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "anatolia-balkans"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-early"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 802.0006570976816,
  "latest": 802.9999931552009
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0802~",
   "hijri": "0187",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "187؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 461}."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0802~",
   "hijri": "0187",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "187؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 461}."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "campaign",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0802~",
    "hijri": "0187",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "derived": true,
    "note": "187؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 461}."
   }
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "تاريخ الخلفاء للسيوطي (ط المنهاج 1434هـ/2013م) ص 461–462",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-tarikh-khulafa-batch-20"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "في سنة 187هـ جاء [[person/harun-al-rashid|الرشيد]] كتاب من نقفور ملك الروم ينقض الهدنة التي عُقدت مع الملكة ريني، فردّ الرشيد بكتاب شديد وسار إلى بلاد الروم. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.461-462}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الكتاب",
     "markdown": "طلب نقفور في كتابه أن يردّ الرشيد ما حصل عنده من أموال الملكة، وإلا فالسيف بينهما. وذكر فيه أن الملكة أقامت الرشيد مقام الرخّ وأقامت نفسها مقام البيذق. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.461-462}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحملة",
     "markdown": "غضب الرشيد وكتب على ظهر الكتاب جواباً قاسياً، ثم سار في يومه حتى نازل مدينة هرقلة. ووصف المصدر ذلك بأنه غزوة مشهودة وفتح مبين. وطلب نقفور الموادعة والتزم بخراج سنوي فأُجيب. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.461-462}\n\nلما رجع الرشيد إلى الرقة نقض نقفور العهد، لظنه أن الرشيد لن يعود في البرد. فكرّ الرشيد راجعاً في مشقة شديدة حتى بلغ فناءه. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.461-462}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/nikephoros-harun-war",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In 187 AH a letter reached [[person/harun-al-rashid|al-Rashid]] from Nikephoros, king of the Romans, breaking the truce that had been agreed with the queen Irene. al-Rashid answered with a harsh letter and marched into the land of the Romans. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.461-462}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The letter",
     "markdown": "In his letter Nikephoros demanded that al-Rashid return the queen's wealth that had come into his hands, or else the sword would stand between them. He wrote that the queen had made al-Rashid the rook and herself the pawn. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.461-462}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The campaign",
     "markdown": "al-Rashid grew angry and wrote a harsh reply on the back of the letter. He set out the same day and reached the city of Heraclea. The source describes this as a celebrated raid and a clear conquest. Nikephoros asked for a truce and undertook to pay an annual tribute, and this was granted. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.461-462}\n\nWhen al-Rashid returned to al-Raqqa, Nikephoros broke the covenant, believing that al-Rashid would not come back in the cold. al-Rashid turned back in great hardship until he reached his own territory. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.461-462}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/nikephoros-harun-war",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/harun-al-rashid",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الغازي",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "building/bayt-al-hikma",
  "event/captives-of-samalu",
  "event/death-of-harun-al-rashid",
  "event/expulsion-of-najran",
  "event/founding-of-al-hadath",
  "event/founding-of-rafiqa",
  "event/founding-of-samarra",
  "event/founding-of-sisar"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}