{
 "id": "event/pen-and-paper-incident",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "pen-and-paper-incident",
 "label": {
  "en": "The pen-and-paper incident",
  "ar": "قصة الكتاب يوم الخميس"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "On the Thursday four days before his death the Prophet said 'bring me [something] to write for you a document after which you will never go astray'; Umar said pain had overcome him and the Qur'an sufficed, the people of the house disputed, and the Prophet sent them away — an episode the traditions read differently.",
  "ar": "يوم الخميس قبل الوفاة بأربعة أيام قال النبي: هلمّوا أكتب لكم كتاباً لن تضلوا بعده، فقال عمر: قد غلب عليه الوجع وعندكم القرآن حسبكم كتاب الله، فاختلف أهل البيت واختصموا فلما أكثروا اللغط قال: قوموا عني — وتقرأه التقاليد قراءات مختلفة."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "sects-and-schools",
  "creed"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 632.3982696427715,
  "latest": 632.401007549747
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0632-05-26~",
   "hijri": "0011-03-08",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "tradition"
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0632-05-26~",
   "hijri": "0011-03-08",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "tradition"
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "other",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0632-05-26~",
    "hijri": "0011-03-08",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "day",
    "status": "tradition"
   }
  },
  "issue": {
   "ar": "كيف تفهم المصادر والتقاليد قصة الكتاب يوم الخميس ودلالتها على الخلافة؟",
   "en": "How do the sources and traditions understand the story of the writing on the Thursday and its bearing on the succession?"
  },
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "id": "sunni",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Sunni readings hold that Umar feared for the Prophet's strength and judged the Qur'an sufficient guidance; Ibn Abbas still called the day a calamity for the lost writing, and the three bequests of that day are preserved separately.",
     "ar": "ترى القراءة السنية أن عمر رقّ بحال النبي واكتفى بحسبهم كتاب الله؛ ومع ذلك سمّى ابن عباس اليوم رزية لفوات الكتاب، وتُروى وصايا ذلك اليوم الثلاث مستقلة."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "academic",
    "id": "academic",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Academic historians treat the report — preserved chiefly through Bukhari's chapter 'the Prophet's illness' — as a later-stage controversy over succession whose wording cannot be reconstructed.",
     "ar": "يتعامل المؤرخون مع الخبر — المحفوظ أساساً في باب مرض النبي من البخاري — بوصفه خلافاً لاحقاً حول الخلافة لا يمكن إعادة بناء نصّه."
    }
   },
   {
    "tradition": "shia-twelver",
    "id": "shia-twelver",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Twelver Shia tradition reads the incident as the deliberate blocking of a written designation of Ali, and counts 'the calamity of Thursday' among the proofs of withheld succession.",
     "ar": "تقرأ التقاليد الشيعية الاثني عشرية الواقعة منعاً متعمداً لكتابة نص على علي، وتعد «رزية يوم الخميس» من أدلتها على إقصاء الخلافة."
    }
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 458-472 (batch 23)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "يوم الخميس قبل الوفاة بأربعة أيام طلب النبي أن يُؤتى بما يكتب به كتاباً لن يضلوا بعده، فاختلف أهل البيت حين قال عمر حسبكم كتاب الله، فقال النبي: قوموا عني {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص466}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "خبر الوقعة",
     "markdown": "قال النبي وقد اشتد به الوجع: هلمّوا أكتب لكم كتاباً لن تضلوا بعده، وفي البيت رجال فيهم عمر {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص466؛ sahih-al-bukhari}. فقال عمر: قد غلب عليه الوجع وعندكم القرآن حسبكم كتاب الله، فاختلف أهل البيت واختصموا فمنهم من يقول قرّبوا يكتب لكم ومنهم من يقول ما قال عمر، فلما أكثروا اللغط قال النبي: قوموا عني {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص466؛ sahih-al-bukhari}. وأوصى النبي ذلك اليوم بثلاث: إخراج اليهود والنصارى والمشركين من جزيرة العرب، وإجازة الوفود بنحو ما كان يجيزهم، وأما الثالث فنسيه الراوي {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص466-467}. وكان النبي مع شدة مرضه يصلي بالناس حتى ذلك اليوم وصلى بهم المغرب يقرأ فيها بالمرسلات عرفا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص467؛ sahih-al-bukhari}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "وجهات نظر",
     "markdown": "يرى أهل السنة أن عمر رقّ لحال النبي واكتفى بكتاب الله، ومع ذلك عدّ ابن عباس اليوم رزية لفوات الكتاب {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص466؛ sahih-al-bukhari}. وتقرأ التقاليد الشيعية الواقعة منعاً لكتابة نص كان سيُكتب، بينما يتعامل المؤرخون مع الخبر بوصفه خلافاً لاحقاً لا يمكن إعادة بناء نصّه {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص466}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "في مرضه طلب النبي ورقة ليكتب شيئاً للناس، فاختلف الحاضرون هل يأتون بها أم يكتفون بالقرآن، فطلب منهم النبي أن يتركوه."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/pen-and-paper-incident",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "On the Thursday four days before his death, the Prophet asked that writing materials be brought so he could write a document after which they would not go astray; the household disputed when Umar said \"God's Book suffices you\", and the Prophet said: \"leave me\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 466}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The account",
     "markdown": "The Prophet, his pain severe, said: bring me something to write you a document after which you will not go astray — and in the house were men, Umar among them {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 466; sahih-al-bukhari}. Umar said: the pain has overcome him, and you have the Qur'an — God's Book suffices you. The household disputed and quarrelled, some saying bring it so he may write for you, others saying what Umar said; when the clamour grew loud the Prophet said: \"leave me\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 466; sahih-al-bukhari}. That day the Prophet made three bequests: the removal of Jews, Christians and polytheists from the Arabian peninsula, the hospitality of delegations as he had hosted them — and the third the narrator forgot {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp. 466-467}. Despite the severity of his illness the Prophet kept leading the people in prayer until that day, and led them in the sunset prayer reciting al-Mursalat 'urfa in it {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 467; sahih-al-bukhari}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Perspectives",
     "markdown": "The Sunnis hold that Umar showed compassion for the Prophet's state and sufficed with God's Book, yet Ibn Abbas still counted the day a calamity for the document that was lost {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 466; sahih-al-bukhari}. Shi'i traditions read the event as a prevention of a text that was to be written, while historians treat the report as a later dispute whose text cannot be reconstructed {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 466}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "In his illness the Prophet asked for a paper to write something for the people; those present disputed over whether to bring it or suffice with the Qur'an, so the Prophet asked them to leave him."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/pen-and-paper-incident",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 10,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-abbas",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/death-of-the-prophet",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/hijra",
  "person/muhammad",
  "place/medina",
  "event/last-minbar-sermon",
  "person/abu-bakr",
  "event/abu-bakr-leads-the-prayers",
  "event/abu-sufyan-medina-mission",
  "event/badr-prisoners"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}