{
 "id": "event/permission-to-fight",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "permission-to-fight",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الإذن بالقتال ونشاط السرايا قبل بدر",
  "en": "The permission to fight and the expeditions before Badr"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "نزل الإذن بالقتال بعد الهجرة بالمدينة، ولم يكن القصد منه إلا رفع الظلم وإقامة الشعائر، فأرسل النبي الدوريات والسرايا لتأمين طريق قريش التجاري، وعقد الحلف مع القبائل المجاورة، فكانت أول سرية سيف البحر في رمضان سنة اثنتين من الهجرة، ثم تتابعت السرايا والغزوات حتى بدر.",
  "en": "The permission to fight was revealed after the Hijra in Medina, meant only to lift oppression and to uphold the rites of God; the Prophet sent scouting parties and raids to secure Quraysh's trade route and made alliances with the tribes along it, beginning with the expedition of Sif al-Bahr in Ramadan of the second year of the Hijra, and the raids continued until Badr."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 622.99903488778,
  "latest": 623.9983709452993
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0623~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "من السنة الأولى إلى السنة الثانية من الهجرة (الرحيق ص196–203)."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0623~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "من السنة الأولى إلى السنة الثانية من الهجرة (الرحيق ص196–203)."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "law-enacted",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0623~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "من السنة الأولى إلى السنة الثانية من الهجرة (الرحيق ص196–203)."
   }
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/zad-al-maad",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/rahma-lil-alamin"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص190–203 نقلاً عن ابن هشام 1/501–605 وزاد المعاد 2/83–85 وصحيح البخاري وصحيح مسلم وسنن أبي داود ورحمة للعالمين 1/115–116 و2/215–216",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-13c"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-haiku-5-5); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 195–203"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "بعد الهجرة نزل الإذن بالقتال بالمدينة، وكان القصد منه رفع الظلم عن المؤمنين وإقامة شعائر الله، لا الاعتداء {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.196} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.202}. وكانت المدينة تُرمى من العرب عن قوس واحدة، وكان المسلمون لا يبيتون إلا بالسلاح {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.196}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الخطة",
     "markdown": "رأى النبي أن يبسط المسلمون سيطرتهم على طريق قريش التجاري من مكة إلى الشام، بخطتين: عقد معاهدات الحلف أو عدم الاعتداء مع القبائل المجاورة لهذا الطريق، وإرسال البعوث واحدة تلو الأخرى {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.196} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.197}. وكان الغرض من هذه الحركات الاستكشاف، وعقد المعاهدات، وإنذار قريش وإشعار القبائل بقوة المسلمين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.197}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "بعد سرية عبد الله بن جحش",
     "markdown": "وقعت سرية نخلة في رجب سنة اثنتين، فأمر الله المسلمين بالقتال في شعبان من السنة نفسها، ونزل في ذلك ما يبين أنه لرفع الفتنة عن الدين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.202}. وقال الكتاب إن الآيات بفحواها تدل على أن النصر في النهاية للمسلمين، وإن ذلك كان مستوراً ليتحمس كل رجل في سبيل الله {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.202}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات للباحثين",
     "markdown": "- أكثر تفصيل الترتيب والعدد في السرايا مبني على تحقيق المؤلف، وقد اختلفت المصادر {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.201}.\n- يرجح الكتاب أن الإذن بالقتال نزل بالمدينة لا بمكة، مع أنه لا يقطع بتاريخ النزول {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.196}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "بعد أن هاجر المسلمون إلى المدينة أذن الله لهم أن يدافعوا عن أنفسهم ضد من يظلمهم، فبدأ النبي يرسل مجموعات صغيرة لتأمين الطريق التجاري لقريش."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/permission-to-fight",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "After the migration, permission to fight was revealed at Medina. Its purpose was to lift injustice from the believers and to establish the rites of God, not aggression. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.196} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.202} Medina was under attack from the Arabs, who were united against it as if shooting from one bow, and the Muslims did not sleep except armed. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.196}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The plan",
     "markdown": "The Prophet decided that the Muslims should extend their control over the Quraysh trade route from Mecca to Syria, by two means: concluding alliance or non-aggression treaties with the tribes living along this route, and sending expeditions one after another. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.196} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.197} The purpose of these movements was reconnaissance, concluding treaties, warning Quraysh, and showing the tribes the strength of the Muslims. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.197}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "After the expedition of Abdullah ibn Jahsh",
     "markdown": "The expedition of Nakhla took place in Rajab of the second year. God then commanded the Muslims to fight in Sha'ban of the same year, and revelation came down to make clear that it was to lift strife from religion. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.202} The book says that the verses, by their import, show that victory is ultimately for the Muslims, and that this had been kept hidden so that every man would be zealous in the way of God. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.202}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes for researchers",
     "markdown": "- Most of the detail on the order and number of the expeditions rests on the author's own investigation, and the sources differ. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.201}\n- The book favours the view that permission to fight was revealed at Medina, not Mecca, though it does not claim certainty about the date of the revelation. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.196}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "After the Muslims migrated to Medina, God allowed them to defend themselves against those who wronged them. The Prophet then began sending small groups to secure Quraysh's trade route."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/permission-to-fight",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 8,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/expedition-of-sif-al-bahr",
   "type": "caused",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/battle-of-the-trench",
  "event/battle-of-uhud",
  "event/brotherhood-of-muhajirun-and-ansar",
  "event/burial-of-the-prophet",
  "event/capture-and-islam-of-thumama-ibn-uthal",
  "event/change-of-qibla",
  "event/constitution-of-medina",
  "event/conversion-of-umayr-ibn-wahb"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}