{
 "id": "event/qadir-istitaba-408",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "qadir-istitaba-408",
 "label": {
  "ar": "استتابة القادر للمبتدعة سنة 408",
  "en": "Al-Qadir's recantation decree against the innovators (408 AH)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في سنة ثمان وأربعمائة استتاب القادر بالله أمير المؤمنين فقهاء المعتزلة الحنفية فأظهروا الرجوع وتبرؤوا من الاعتزال، ثم نهاهم عن الكلام والتدريس والمناظرة في الاعتزال والرفض والمقالات المخالفة للإسلام وأخذ خطوطهم بذلك وأنهم متى خالفوه حل بهم من النكال والعقوبة ما يتعظ به أمثالهم؛ وامتثل يمين الدولة وأمين الملة محمود أمير المؤمنين — أي سلطان غزنة — واستنّ في أعماله بخراسان وغيرها في قتل المعتزلة والرافضة والإسماعيلية والقرامطة والجهمية والمشبهة وصلبهم وحرقهم ونقمهم وأمر بلعنهم على منابر المسلمين وإبعاد كل طائفة من أهل البدع وطردهم عن ديارهم، وصار ذلك سنة في الإسلام {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.7 p.284}.",
  "en": "408: al-Qadir bi'llah made the Hanafi Mu'tazili faqihs recant — they 'showed return and disavowed i'tizal' — and bound them in writing never to teach or debate i'tizal, rafd or 'doctrines contrary to Islam' on pain of exemplary punishment; Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna emulated the decree in Khurasan with killing, crucifixion, burning, minbar-curses and expulsion of Mu'tazilis, Rafidis, Ismailis, Qarmatis, Jahmis and Mushabbihas — 'and it became a sunna in Islam' {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.7 p.284}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "levant-iraq",
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-fragmentation"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "sects-and-schools",
  "takfir-and-its-critics"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1017.0002806354682,
  "latest": 1017.9996166929874
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "hijri": "0408",
   "edtf": "1017",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "سنة ٤٠٨هـ {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.7 p.284}.",
   "sources": [
    "source/muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "hijri": "0408",
   "edtf": "1017",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "سنة ٤٠٨هـ {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.7 p.284}.",
   "sources": [
    "source/muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "persecution",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "hijri": "0408",
    "edtf": "1017",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "سنة ٤٠٨هـ {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.7 p.284}.",
    "sources": [
     "source/muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi"
    ]
   }
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "المنتظم في تاريخ الملوك والأمم — ابن الجوزي، مسح AAlexandrina-224011، ج7 ص 284",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-muntazam-350-474-1"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "يروي ابن الجوزي في «المنتظم» أنه في سنة 408هـ استتاب الخليفة [[person/al-qadir-billah|القادر بالله]] فقهاء المعتزلة من الحنفية، فأظهروا الرجوع وتبرؤوا من الاعتزال. {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.7 p.284}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الشروط",
     "markdown": "نهاهم الخليفة عن الكلام والتدريس والمناظرة في الاعتزال والرفض والمقالات المخالفة للإسلام، وأخذ خطوطهم بذلك. وتوعّدهم بالعقوبة إن خالفوا. {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.7 p.284}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "أثره في خراسان",
     "markdown": "يذكر المصنف أن [[person/mahmud-ghaznawi|محمود صاحب غزنة]] امتثل ذلك واستنّ به في خراسان وغيرها. وفي روايته أنه قتل المعتزلة والرافضة والإسماعيلية والقرامطة والجهمية والمشبهة، وصلب بعضهم وحرق، وأمر بلعنهم على المنابر ونفى أهل البدع من ديارهم. ويقول ابن الجوزي إن ذلك صار «سنة في الإسلام». هذا وصف المصنف، ولم تُضف هنا مصادر أخرى لتقييمه. {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.7 p.284}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/qadir-istitaba-408",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Ibn al-Jawzi, in *al-Muntazam*, reports that in 408 AH the caliph [[person/al-qadir-billah|al-Qadir Billah]] called on the Hanafi jurists among the Mu'tazilites to repent. They showed their return and disavowed Mu'tazilism. {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.7 p.284}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The conditions",
     "markdown": "The caliph forbade them to speak, teach or debate on Mu'tazilism, Rafdh, and opinions contrary to Islam, and took their signed statements to that effect. He threatened them with punishment if they went against it. {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.7 p.284}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Its effect in Khurasan",
     "markdown": "The author says that [[person/mahmud-ghaznawi|Mahmud, lord of Ghazna]], complied with this and followed it in Khurasan and elsewhere. In the account, he killed Mu'tazilites, Rafidis, Isma'ilis, Qaramita, Jahmis and Mushabbiha, crucified and burned some of them, ordered them cursed from the pulpits, and exiled the people of innovation from their lands. Ibn al-Jawzi says this became \"a sunna in Islam.\" This is the author's description, and no other sources are added here to assess it. {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.7 p.284}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/qadir-istitaba-408",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/al-qadir-billah",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الخليفة المستتيب",
   "sources": [
    "source/muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/mahmud-ghaznawi",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "السلطان الممتثل المستن بمثله في خراسان",
   "sources": [
    "source/muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "building/al-madrasa-al-sadiyya",
  "event/qadir-creed-book",
  "event/tai-deposition-381",
  "person/masud-ibn-mahmud",
  "person/al-qadir-billah",
  "person/mahmud-ghaznawi",
  "concept/ahl-al-qibla",
  "concept/ghayba"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}