{
 "id": "event/qusayy-takes-mecca",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "qusayy-takes-mecca",
 "label": {
  "en": "Qusayy ibn Kilab Takes Mecca",
  "ar": "استيلاء قصي بن كلاب على مكة"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "Around 440 CE Qusayy wrests the custody of the Kaaba and the rule of Mecca from Khuzaʾa — by alliance and, in one account, purchase from Abu Ghubshan — the two sides fight, then accept the arbitration of Yaʾmar ibn Awf who rules for Qusayy; Qusayy then gathers Quraysh into Mecca’s quarters, founds Dar al-Nadwa, and assumes the five offices of Meccan leadership.",
  "ar": "نحو سنة 440م أخذ قصي بن كلاب ولاية البيت وأمر مكة من خزاعة — بالحلف والقتال، وبشرائها في رواية من أبي غبشان بزقّ خمر — ثم اقتتلوا فتحاكموا إلى يعمر بن عوف فقضى لقصي؛ فجمع قريشاً إلى مكة، وأسس دار الندوة، وتوالت عليه مناصب الرياسة واللواء والحجابة والسقاية والرفادة."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "wars-and-campaigns"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 440.0000684476752,
  "latest": 441.00214241220124
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0440",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "سنة 440م في تقدير الرحيق عن قلب جزيرة العرب."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0440",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "سنة 440م في تقدير الرحيق عن قلب جزيرة العرب."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "conquest",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0440",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "سنة 440م في تقدير الرحيق عن قلب جزيرة العرب."
   }
  },
  "sides": [
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Qusayy with Quraysh and Kinana",
     "ar": "قصي مع قريش وكنانة"
    },
    "participants": [
     "person/qusayy-ibn-kilab",
     "group/quraysh",
     "group/kinana"
    ],
    "commanders": [
     "person/qusayy-ibn-kilab"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Khuza'a and Banu Bakr",
     "ar": "خزاعة وبنو بكر"
    },
    "participants": [
     "group/khuzaa",
     "group/banu-bakr-ibn-abd-manaf"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/qalb-jazirat-al-arab",
   "source/ikhbar-al-kiram"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 15–34 (batch 25a)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "انتقال ولاية البيت وأمر مكة من خزاعة إلى [[person/qusayy-ibn-kilab|قصي بن كلاب]] نحو سنة 440م، بعد ثلاث روايات في السبب وتحكيم يعمر بن عوف."
    },
    {
     "heading": "القصة",
     "markdown": "لما مات [[person/hulayl-ibn-hubshiyya|هليل بن حبشية]] الخزاعي قامت الحرب بين خزاعة وقريش على أمر مكة والبيت {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}. وروّى المباركفوري ثلاث روايات في سببها: أن قصياً رأى نفسه أولى بالكعبة وأن قريشاً رؤوس آل إسماعيل فاستعان بقومه؛ أو أن هليلاً أوصاه بالقيام على البيت؛ أو أن هليلاً أعطى ابنته حبّى ولاية البيت فقام بها [[person/abu-ghubshan|أبو غبشان]] وكيلاً، فاشتراها قصي منه بزقّ خمر {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.\n\nوأياً ما كان، فقد اقتتل الفريقان قتالاً شديداً ثم تحاكموا إلى [[person/yamar-ibn-awf|يعمر بن عوف]] أحد بني بكر، فقضى أن قصياً أولى بالكعبة وبأمر مكة، وكل دم أصابه قصي موضوع مشدّخ تحت قدميه، وما أصابت خزاعة وبنو بكر ففيه الدية — فسمّي يومئذ الشدّاخ {cite:ibn-hisham-sira}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "مآثر قصي",
     "markdown": "جمع قومه من منازلهم إلى مكة وقطعها رباعاً بينهم {cite:ibn-hisham-sira}، وأسس [[building/dar-al-nadwa|دار الندوة]] بالجانب الشمالي من مسجد الكعبة فكانت مجمع قريش {cite:ikhbar-al-kiram}، وكانت له مناصب الرياسة واللواء والحجابة والسقاية والرفادة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}. وكان استيلاؤه على مكة والبيت في أواسط القرن الخامس الميلادي سنة 440م {cite:qalb-jazirat-al-arab}، وبذلك صارت لقصي ثم لقريش السيادة التامة والأمر النافذ في مكة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "تنازعت قريش وخزاعة على حراسة الكعبة، فحكم بينهم رجل اسمه يعمر فجعلها لقصي، فجمع قصي قومه في مكة وبنى داراً يتشاورون فيها."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/qusayy-takes-mecca",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The guardianship of the House and rule of Mecca passed from Khuza'a to [[person/qusayy-ibn-kilab|Qusayy ibn Kilab]] around 440 CE — with three accounts of the cause and Ya'mar ibn Awf's arbitration."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The story",
     "markdown": "When [[person/hulayl-ibn-hubshiyya|Hulayl ibn Hubshiyya]] al-Khuza'i died, war broke out between Khuza'a and Quraysh over the rule of Mecca and the House {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}. Al-Mubarakpuri relates three accounts of the cause: that Qusayy saw himself worthier of the Ka'ba — Quraysh being the chiefs of Ishmael's house — and sought his people's help; or that Hulayl charged him with the House's care; or that Hulayl gave the House's rule to his daughter Hubba, whom [[person/abu-ghubshan|Abu Ghubshan]] administered as her agent — and Qusayy bought it from him for a skin of wine {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.\n\nWhichever it was, the two parties fought fiercely, then made [[person/yamar-ibn-awf|Ya'mar ibn Awf]] of Banu Bakr their arbiter. He judged that Qusayy was worthier of the Ka'ba and the rule of Mecca, that every life Qusayy had taken was written off and trampled under his feet, and that blood-wits were due for those Khuza'a and Banu Bakr had lost — so he was called that day \"al-Shaddakh\" (the crusher) {cite:ibn-hisham-sira}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Qusayy's works",
     "markdown": "He gathered his people from their dwellings into Mecca and divided it into quarters among them {cite:ibn-hisham-sira}; he founded [[building/dar-al-nadwa|Dar al-Nadwa]] on the northern side of the Ka'ba's mosque as Quraysh's assembly {cite:ikhbar-al-kiram}; and his were the offices of leadership, the banner, the gatekeeping, the watering and the feeding {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}. His seizure of Mecca and the House fell in the mid-fifth century CE, in 440 {cite:qalb-jazirat-al-arab}; and so complete sovereignty and effective command in Mecca passed to Qusayy and then to Quraysh {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Quraysh and Khuza'a disputed over guarding the Ka'ba, so a man named Ya'mar judged between them and gave it to Qusayy, who gathered his people in Mecca and built a house for their counsel."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/qusayy-takes-mecca",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 16,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abu-ghubshan",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "بائع ولاية البيت بزق خمر في الرواية الثالثة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/qusayy-ibn-kilab",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الغالب على ولاية البيت",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/yamar-ibn-awf",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الحَكَم المُقضي بأولوية قصي",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/ibn-hisham-sira"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "building/kaaba",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/khuzaa",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الطرف المخلوع",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/quraysh",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الجماعة التي صارت لها السيادة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/pre-islamic-arabia",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "place/mecca",
  "event/expulsion-of-jurhum",
  "person/qusayy-ibn-kilab",
  "group/quraysh",
  "event/conquest-of-mecca",
  "event/expedition-of-banu-al-mustaliq",
  "person/abu-ubayda-ibn-al-jarrah",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}