{
 "id": "event/raid-of-ghalib-on-banu-murra",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "raid-of-ghalib-on-banu-murra",
 "label": {
  "ar": "غزوة غالب بن عبد الله أرض بني مرة ومقتل مرداس بن نهيك",
  "en": "Ghalib ibn Abdullah's raid on the land of Banu Murra and the killing of Mirdas ibn Nahik"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "سرية غالب بن عبد الله الكلبي الليثي إلى أرض بني مرة؛ أُصيب فيها مرداس بن نهيك، حليف لهم من الحرقة من جهينة، قتله أسامة بن زيد ورجل من الأنصار بعدما قال: أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله؛ فلما أخبرا النبي قال لأسامة: من لك بلا إله إلا الله؟ وكرّرها حتى تمنى أسامة أنه لم يُسلم قبل ذلك اليوم وأنه لم يقتله، وعاهد الله ألا يقتل رجلاً يقولها أبداً.",
  "en": "Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Kalbi al-Laythi's detachment to the land of Banu Murra; Mirdas ibn Nahik, an ally of theirs from al-Huraqa of Juhayna, was killed there by Usama ibn Zayd and a man of the Ansar after he had said 'I testify there is no god but God'. When they told the Prophet, he said to Usama: 'Who will answer for la ilaha illa Allah on your behalf?' and kept repeating it until Usama wished his Islam had begun that very day and that he had not killed him, and vowed never again to kill a man who said it."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "skirmishes-raids-expeditions",
  "laws-of-war-and-peace",
  "converts-and-leavers"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 629.0005270470988,
  "latest": 629.999863104618
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0629~",
   "hijri": "0008~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "لا يؤرّخها ابن إسحاق؛ يذكرها في قائمة السرايا بعد غزوة بني العنبر؛ أصحاب المغازي المتأخرون يؤرّخونها بسنة 7 أو 8هـ (needs_source).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0629~",
   "hijri": "0008~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "لا يؤرّخها ابن إسحاق؛ يذكرها في قائمة السرايا بعد غزوة بني العنبر؛ أصحاب المغازي المتأخرون يؤرّخونها بسنة 7 أو 8هـ (needs_source).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "raid",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0629~",
    "hijri": "0008~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "debated",
    "note": "لا يؤرّخها ابن إسحاق؛ يذكرها في قائمة السرايا بعد غزوة بني العنبر؛ أصحاب المغازي المتأخرون يؤرّخونها بسنة 7 أو 8هـ (needs_source).",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
    ]
   }
  },
  "sides": [
   {
    "label": {
     "ar": "سرية غالب بن عبد الله",
     "en": "Ghalib's detachment"
    },
    "commanders": [
     "person/ghalib-ibn-abdullah-al-laythi"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": {
     "ar": "بنو مرة وحلفاؤهم",
     "en": "Banu Murra and their allies"
    },
    "participants": [
     "group/banu-murra"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 p. 271",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-13"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Fable 5.1; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 p. 271; date single-source"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "يذكر ابن إسحاق في جملة السرايا غزوة [[person/ghalib-ibn-abdullah-al-laythi|غالب بن عبد الله الكلبي]]، كلب ليث، أرضَ [[group/banu-murra|بني مرة]]، وأن المسلمين أصابوا فيها مرداس بن نهيك، حليفاً لبني مرة من الحرقة من [[group/juhayna|جهينة]]، قتله [[person/usama-ibn-zayd|أسامة بن زيد]] ورجل من الأنصار. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271} ولا يذكر ابن إسحاق لها تاريخاً ولا عدداً ولا تفصيلاً سوى خبر مرداس. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "خبر أسامة",
     "markdown": "يروي ابن إسحاق عن [[person/usama-ibn-zayd|أسامة بن زيد]] أنه أدرك مرداساً هو ورجل من الأنصار، فلما شهرا عليه السلاح قال: أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، فلم ينزعا عنه حتى قتلاه. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271} فلما قدما على النبي وأخبراه، قال لأسامة: من لك بلا إله إلا الله؟ فاعتذر أسامة بأنه إنما قالها تعوّذاً من القتل، فأعاد النبي: فمن لك بها يا أسامة؟ {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271} ويقول أسامة إن النبي ما زال يردّدها عليه حتى ودّ أن ما مضى من إسلامه لم يكن، وأنه أسلم يومئذ ولم يقتله؛ ثم قال: إني أعاهد الله ألا أقتل رجلاً يقول لا إله إلا الله أبداً، فقال النبي: تقول بعدي يا أسامة؟ قال: بعدك. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "في المتحف",
     "markdown": "هذا الخبر من أكثر ما يُستشهد به في باب [[concept/shahada|الشهادة]] وعصمة الدم بالشهادة؛ فالنبي لم يقبل من أسامة تأويلَ باطن القائل، وجعل الكلمة وحدها حاجزاً عن القتل. ويروي أصحاب الصحاح الحادثة بأسانيد أخرى مع تسمية المكان والمقتول باختلاف (needs_source)، أما ابن إسحاق فيختصرها ويضعها في سياق سرية غالب. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "علامات الرواية",
     "markdown": "- يقول ابن هشام إن نسبة مرداس إلى «الحُرَقة» من جهينة فيما حدّثه أبو عبيدة؛ ويشير محققو طبعة السقا إلى أن سياق العبارة في بعض النسخ مضطرب. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271}\n- الرواية عن أسامة بلفظ «وكان من حديثه عن أسامة بن زيد» دون إسناد متصل عند ابن إسحاق. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "في إحدى الغزوات قال رجل «لا إله إلا الله» قبل أن يُقتل، فلم يصدّقه أسامة وقتله. فحزن النبي وسأله مراراً: من يدافع عنك يوم القيامة إذا جاء هذا الرجل بكلمته؟ فتعلّم أسامة ألا يقتل أحداً يقول هذه الكلمة أبداً."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/raid-of-ghalib-on-banu-murra",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "In the list of raids, Ibn Ishaq mentions the raid of [[person/ghalib-ibn-abdullah-al-laythi|Ghalib ibn Abd Allah al-Kalbi, of the Kalb of Layth]], on the land of the [[group/banu-murra|Banu Murra]], in which the Muslims took Mirdas ibn Nahik, an ally of the Banu Murra from the Huraqa of [[group/juhayna|Juhayna]], and he was killed by [[person/usama-ibn-zayd|Usama ibn Zayd]] and a man of the Ansar. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271} Ibn Ishaq gives no date for it, and no count or detail other than the account of Mirdas. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Usama's account",
     "markdown": "Ibn Ishaq relates from [[person/usama-ibn-zayd|Usama ibn Zayd]] that he and a man of the Ansar caught up with Mirdas, and when they raised their weapons against him he said: I testify that there is no god but God; they did not desist until they had killed him. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271} When they came to the Prophet and told him, he said to Usama: who will stand for you against \"there is no god but God\"? Usama excused himself, saying he had said it only to save himself from being killed; the Prophet repeated: then who will stand for you with it, Usama? {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271} Usama says that the Prophet kept repeating it to him until he wished that his past Islam had never been, and that he had become a Muslim that day and had not killed him. Then he said: I covenant with God never to kill a man who says \"there is no god but God.\" The Prophet said: will you say it after me, Usama? He said: after you. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "In the museum",
     "markdown": "This report is one of those most cited for the subject of [[concept/shahada|the testimony]] and the protection of blood by it. The Prophet did not accept Usama's reading of what the speaker inwardly meant, and made the word alone a barrier against killing. The collections of the Sahihs relate the incident through other chains, with the place and the killed man named differently (needs_source); Ibn Ishaq abbreviates it and places it in the context of Ghalib's raid. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Marks of the report",
     "markdown": "- Ibn Hisham says that Mirdas's ancestry to \"the Huraqa\" of Juhayna is what Abu Ubayda told him; the editors of the Saqqa edition note that the wording is disordered in some copies. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271}\n- The report from Usama is given with the wording \"and this was from his account about Usama ibn Zayd\", without a continuous chain in Ibn Ishaq. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/271}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "In one of the expeditions a man said \"there is no god but God\" before he was killed, but Usama did not believe him and killed him. The Prophet was grieved and asked him repeatedly: who will defend you on the Day of Resurrection when this man comes with his word? So Usama learned never to kill anyone who says this word."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/raid-of-ghalib-on-banu-murra",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 12,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/ghalib-ibn-abdullah-al-laythi",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أمير السرية",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/mirdas-ibn-nahik",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "المقتول بعد نطقه بالشهادة",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/usama-ibn-zayd",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "قتل مرداس بن نهيك بعد نطقه بالشهادة؛ راوي الخبر",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-murra",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "المُغار عليهم",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "باعث السرية وسائل أسامة",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/juhayna",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "قبيلة مرداس (من الحرقة)",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/mirdas-ibn-nahik",
  "event/expedition-of-usama",
  "event/raid-of-ghalib-on-banu-al-mulawwah",
  "event/battle-of-hunayn",
  "event/burial-of-the-prophet",
  "event/farewell-sermon-at-arafat",
  "passage/muslim-0096",
  "passage/muslim-2740"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}