{
 "id": "event/raid-of-ibn-abi-hadrad-on-batn-idam",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "raid-of-ibn-abi-hadrad-on-batn-idam",
 "label": {
  "ar": "غزوة ابن أبي حدرد بطن إضم ومقتل عامر بن الأضبط",
  "en": "Ibn Abi Hadrad's raid on Batn Idam and the killing of Amir ibn al-Adbat"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "سرية بعثها النبي قبل الفتح إلى إضم في نفر فيهم أبو قتادة ومحلّم بن جثامة؛ مرّ بهم عامر بن الأضبط الأشجعي فسلّم بتحية الإسلام، فحمل عليه محلّم فقتله لشيء كان بينهما وأخذ بعيره ومتاعه، فنزلت فيهم آية النساء 94 بحسب ابن أبي حدرد؛ ثم اختصم عيينة بن حصن والأقرع بن حابس في دمه عند النبي بحنين فقُبلت الدية، ودعا النبي على محلّم ثلاثاً: اللهم لا تغفر لمحلّم.",
  "en": "A detachment the Prophet sent before the conquest of Mecca to Idam, with Abu Qatada and Muhallim ibn Jaththama among its men; Amir ibn al-Adbat al-Ashja'i passed them and gave the greeting of Islam, but Muhallim attacked and killed him over an old grudge and took his camel and goods; Ibn Abi Hadrad says Qur'an 4:94 was revealed about them. At Hunayn Uyayna ibn Hisn and al-Aqra' ibn Habis disputed the blood before the Prophet until blood-money was accepted, and the Prophet prayed three times: 'O God, do not forgive Muhallim'."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "skirmishes-raids-expeditions",
  "laws-of-war-and-peace",
  "law-and-courts"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 629.0005270470988,
  "latest": 629.999863104618
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0629~",
   "hijri": "0008~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "«وكانت قبل الفتح» عند ابن إسحاق؛ الخصومة في الدم بحنين سنة 8هـ؛ السنة غير منصوصة (needs_source).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0629~",
   "hijri": "0008~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "«وكانت قبل الفتح» عند ابن إسحاق؛ الخصومة في الدم بحنين سنة 8هـ؛ السنة غير منصوصة (needs_source).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "raid",
  "sensitivity": "violence",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0629~",
    "hijri": "0008~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "debated",
    "note": "«وكانت قبل الفتح» عند ابن إسحاق؛ الخصومة في الدم بحنين سنة 8هـ؛ السنة غير منصوصة (needs_source).",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
    ]
   }
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 pp. 275-277",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-14"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Fable 5.1; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 pp. 275-277"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "يقول ابن إسحاق إن غزوة [[person/abdullah-ibn-abi-hadrad|ابن أبي حدرد]] وأصحابه بطن [[place/idam|إضم]] كانت قبل الفتح. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/275} يرويها عبد الله بن أبي حدرد نفسه بإسناد يزيد بن عبد الله بن قسيط عن القعقاع بن عبد الله بن أبي حدرد عن أبيه: بعثهم النبي إلى إضم في نفر من المسلمين فيهم أبو قتادة الحارث بن ربعي و[[person/muhallim-ibn-jaththama|محلّم بن جثامة]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/275}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مقتل عامر بن الأضبط",
     "markdown": "فلما كانوا ببطن إضم مرّ بهم [[person/amir-ibn-al-adbat-al-ashjai|عامر بن الأضبط الأشجعي]] على قعود له ومعه متيّع ووطب من لبن، فسلّم عليهم بتحية الإسلام فأمسكوا عنه، وحمل عليه محلّم فقتله «لشيء كان بينه وبينه» وأخذ بعيره ومتاعه. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/275} فلما قدموا على النبي وأخبروه نزلت فيهم، بحسب ابن أبي حدرد، آية [[passage/quran-4-94|النساء 94]] في التبيّن وألا يُقال لمن ألقى السلام: لست مؤمناً، ابتغاء عرض الحياة الدنيا. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/275} ويذكر ابن هشام أن أبا عمرو بن العلاء قرأ «السلام» لهذا الحديث. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/275}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الخصومة في الدم بحنين",
     "markdown": "يروي ابن إسحاق عن محمد بن جعفر بن الزبير عن زياد بن ضميرة بن سعد السلمي عن عروة بن الزبير عن أبيه وجده، وكانا شهدا حنيناً: صلى النبي الظهر ثم جلس تحت شجرة بحنين، فقام إليه [[person/al-aqra-ibn-habis|الأقرع بن حابس]] و[[person/uyayna-ibn-hisn|عيينة بن حصن]] يختصمان في عامر بن الأضبط: عيينة يطلب بدمه وهو يومئذ رئيس [[group/ghatafan|غطفان]]، والأقرع يدفع عن محلّم لمكانه من خندف. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/276} فقال عيينة: والله لا أدعه حتى أذيق نساءه من الحرقة مثل ما أذاق نسائي، والنبي يقول: بل تأخذون الدية خمسين في سفرنا هذا وخمسين إذا رجعنا، وهو يأبى. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/276} فقام رجل من بني ليث يقال له مكيثر، ويسمّيه ابن هشام مكيتل، فقال: ما وجدت لهذا القتيل شبهاً في غرة الإسلام إلا كغنم وردت فرُميت أولاها فنفرت أخراها، اسنن اليوم وغيّر غداً؛ فرفع النبي يده وأعاد عرض الدية، فقبلوها. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/276}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "«اللهم لا تغفر لمحلّم»",
     "markdown": "ثم قالوا: أين صاحبكم يستغفر له رسول الله؟ فقام رجل آدم ضرب طويل عليه حلة قد تهيأ للقتل فيها، فجلس بين يدي النبي، فسأله عن اسمه، فقال: أنا محلّم بن جثامة؛ فرفع النبي يده وقال: اللهم لا تغفر لمحلّم بن جثامة، ثلاثاً؛ فقام يتلقى دمعه بفضل ردائه. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/276} ويقول الراوي: فأما نحن فنقول فيما بيننا إنا لنرجو أن يكون النبي قد استغفر له، وأما ما ظهر منه فهذا. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/277} ويروي ابن إسحاق «عمن لا أتهم» عن [[person/al-hasan-al-basri|الحسن البصري]] أن النبي قال له حين جلس: أمّنته بالله ثم قتلته! وأن محلّماً ما مكث إلا سبعاً حتى مات فلفظته الأرض مراراً، حتى عمد قومه إلى صدّين فسطحوه بينهما ورضموا عليه الحجارة؛ فقال النبي حين بلغه: إن الأرض لتطّابق على من هو شر منه، ولكن الله أراد أن يعظكم في حرم ما بينكم بما أراكم منه. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/277}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "كلمة الأقرع لقيس",
     "markdown": "ويروي ابن إسحاق عن سالم أبي النضر «أنه حُدّث» أن الأقرع خلا بعيينة وقيس فقال: يا معشر قيس، منعتم رسول الله قتيلاً يستصلح به الناس، أفأمنتم أن يلعنكم فيلعنكم الله بلعنته أو يغضب عليكم فيغضب الله بغضبه؟ لتسلمنّه إلى رسول الله يصنع فيه ما أراد، أو لآتينّ بخمسين رجلاً من بني تميم يشهدون بالله كلهم أن صاحبكم قُتل كافراً ما صلى قط فلأطلّنّ دمه؛ فلما سمعوا ذلك قبلوا الدية. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/277}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "في المتحف",
     "markdown": "الخبر من أصول باب «التبيّن» في القتال: من ألقى السلام لا يُقتل بظن النفاق أو طلباً للغنيمة، وأن القتل «في غرة الإسلام» عولج بالدية لا بالقصاص لئلا ينفر الناس، مع إعلان النبي غضبه على القاتل. ويقف المتحف عند خبر لفظ الأرض عند حدّه الروائي: مرسل الحسن البصري عن راوٍ لم يسمّه ابن إسحاق. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/277}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "علامات الرواية",
     "markdown": "- الإسناد الأول متصل إلى ابن أبي حدرد؛ خبر الخصومة عن زياد بن ضميرة (قال أبو ذر: وقع في الأصل بالميم، ويروى «ضبيرة»، والصواب بالميم كما عند البخاري). {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/275}\n- «مكيثر» (ابن إسحاق) / «مكيتل» (ابن هشام)؛ «من الحرقة» وفي نسخة «من الحر». {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/276}\n- «قال ابن هشام: محلّم في هذا الحديث كله عن غير ابن إسحاق... وقال ابن إسحاق: ملجم، فيما حدثناه زياد عنه». {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/277}\n- خبر الحسن البصري عمن لا يتهمه ابن إسحاق، مرسلاً. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/277}\n- «وغيّر غداً» من الغِيَر أي الدية، ويروى «غبّر» بالباء (أبو ذر). {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/276}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/raid-of-ibn-abi-hadrad-on-batn-idam",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Ibn Ishaq says that the raid of [[person/abdullah-ibn-abi-hadrad|Ibn Abi Hadrad]] and his companions to the valley of [[place/idam|Idam]] was before the conquest. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/275} Abd Allah ibn Abi Hadrad himself relates it, through the chain of Yazid ibn Abd Allah ibn Qusayt from al-Qa'qa' ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Hadrad from his father. The Prophet sent them to Idam with a number of Muslims, among them Abu Qatada al-Harith ibn Rib'i and [[person/muhallim-ibn-jaththama|Muhallim ibn Jaththama]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/275}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The killing of Amir ibn al-Adbat",
     "markdown": "When they were in the valley of Idam, [[person/amir-ibn-al-adbat-al-ashjai|Amir ibn al-Adbat al-Ashja'i]] passed by them on his riding camel, with a bowl and a skin of milk. He greeted them with the greeting of Islam, but they held back. Muhallim charged at him and killed him \"for something that had been between them\", and took his camel and goods. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/275} When they came to the Prophet and told him, the verse of [[passage/quran-4-94|al-Nisa' 94]] was revealed about them, according to Ibn Abi Hadrad, on the need to investigate and not to say to one who gives the greeting \"you are not a believer\", seeking the goods of this world. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/275} Ibn Hisham says that Abu Amr ibn al-Ala' read \"al-salam\" on the basis of this report. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/275}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The dispute over blood at Hunayn",
     "markdown": "Ibn Ishaq relates from Muhammad ibn Ja'far ibn al-Zubayr, from Ziyad ibn Dumayra ibn Sa'd al-Sulami, from Urwa ibn al-Zubayr, from his father and grandfather, both of whom witnessed Hunayn: the Prophet prayed the noon prayer and then sat under a tree at Hunayn. [[person/al-aqra-ibn-habis|Al-Aqra ibn Habis]] and [[person/uyayna-ibn-hisn|Uyayna ibn Hisn]] came to him disputing over Amir ibn al-Adbat: Uyayna demanded his blood, and he was then the chief of the [[group/ghatafan|Ghatafan]]; al-Aqra defended Muhallim because of his standing among Khindif. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/276} Uyayna said: by God, I will not leave him until I make his women taste of the burning as he made my women taste it. The Prophet said: no, you will take the blood-money, fifty on this journey of ours and fifty when we return; but Uyayna refused. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/276} A man of the Banu Layth called Mukaythir, whom Ibn Hisham calls Mukaytil, stood up and said: I have found this slain man like no one but sheep that came to water and were shot at the first of them, so the rest scattered; make a custom today and change it tomorrow. The Prophet raised his hand and repeated the offer of the blood-money, and they accepted it. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/276}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "\"O God, do not forgive Muhallim\"",
     "markdown": "Then they said: where is your companion for whom the Messenger of God should ask forgiveness? A tall brown man in the robe in which he had been prepared for the killing stood up and sat before the Prophet. The Prophet asked his name; he said: I am Muhallim ibn Jaththama. The Prophet raised his hand and said: O God, do not forgive Muhallim ibn Jaththama, three times. He stood up catching his tears with the edge of his cloak. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/276} The narrator says: among ourselves we say that we hope the Prophet asked forgiveness for him, but what appeared from him was this. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/277}\n\nIbn Ishaq relates from \"one I do not doubt\", from [[person/al-hasan-al-basri|al-Hasan al-Basri]], that the Prophet said to him when he sat: you gave him safety in God and then killed him! Muhallim did not remain more than seven days before he died, and the earth cast him out repeatedly, until his people set out to two cliffs, laid him between them and piled stones on him. When the Prophet heard of it he said: the earth closes over one worse than him, but God wished to admonish you in the sacred place among you through what He showed you of him. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/277}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Al-Aqra's words to Qays",
     "markdown": "Ibn Ishaq relates from Salim Abu al-Nadr that he \"was told\" that al-Aqra was alone with Uyayna and Qays and said: O company of Qays, you prevented the Messenger of God from a slain man through whom people might be set right; do you not fear that he will curse you and God will curse you with His curse, or be angry with you and God be angry with His anger? Either hand him over to the Messenger of God to do with him what he wills, or I will bring fifty men of the Banu Tamim who will all swear by God that your companion was killed an unbeliever who never prayed, and I will shed his blood; when they heard that, they accepted the blood-money. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/277}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "In the museum",
     "markdown": "The report belongs to the principles of \"investigation\" in fighting: whoever gives the greeting is not killed on suspicion of hypocrisy or for the sake of booty, and that a killing \"in the early days of Islam\" was dealt with by blood-money rather than retaliation, so that people would not be repelled, with the Prophet declaring his anger at the killer. The museum stops at the report of the earth rejecting the body at its narrative limit: a message from al-Hasan al-Basri through a narrator Ibn Ishaq did not name. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/277}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Marks of the report",
     "markdown": "- The first chain runs continuously to Ibn Abi Hadrad. The report of the dispute is from Ziyad ibn Dumayra (Abu Dhar says it is written with a mim, and is also read \"Dubayra\", the correct form being with the mim as in al-Bukhari). {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/275}\n- \"Mukaythir\" in Ibn Ishaq and \"Mukaytil\" in Ibn Hisham; \"from the Harqa\" and in one copy \"from the heat\". {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/276}\n- Ibn Hisham says: \"Muhallim in all this story is from other than Ibn Ishaq... and Ibn Ishaq said: Mulajjim, as Ziyad related it to me from him.\" {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/277}\n- The report of al-Hasan al-Basri from one Ibn Ishaq does not name, as a missive. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/277}\n- \"Ghayyir ghadan\", where \"ghiyar\" means the blood-money; it is also read \"ghabbir\" with a ba (Abu Dhar). {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/276}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/raid-of-ibn-abi-hadrad-on-batn-idam",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 20,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-abi-hadrad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "من السرية وراوي الخبر",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-aqra-ibn-habis",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "دفع عن محلّم لمكانه من خندف، ثم حمل قيساً على قبول الدية",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-hasan-al-basri",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "راوي خبر موت محلّم ولفظ الأرض له (مرسلاً)",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/amir-ibn-al-adbat-al-ashjai",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "المقتول بعد تحية الإسلام",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhallim-ibn-jaththama",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "قاتل عامر بن الأضبط",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/uyayna-ibn-hisn",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "طلب بدم عامر بن الأضبط بحنين وهو رئيس غطفان",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/idam",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "بعث السرية وقضى بالدية ودعا على القاتل",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-4-94",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "قال ابن أبي حدرد: فلما قدمنا على رسول الله وأخبرناه الخبر نزل فينا (ابن هشام 4/275)",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/battle-of-hunayn",
  "event/sariyya-of-uyayna-to-banu-tamim",
  "event/conquest-of-mecca",
  "event/siege-of-taif",
  "event/distribution-of-hunayn-spoils",
  "event/expedition-of-dhu-qarad",
  "event/raid-of-ibn-abi-hadrad-on-al-ghaba",
  "event/delegation-of-banu-tamim"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}