{
 "id": "event/repentance-of-the-three-accepted",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "repentance-of-the-three-accepted",
 "label": {
  "ar": "قبول توبة الثلاثة",
  "en": "The acceptance of the repentance of the three"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في فجر الليلة الخمسين سمع كعب صارخاً على سلع يبشره، فخرّ ساجداً؛ وأعلن النبي بعد صلاة الفجر توبة الله عليهم، فبشرهم الناس، وقام إلى كعب طلحة بن عبيد الله فهنأه، وقال له النبي إن هذا خير يوم مرّ عليه منذ ولدته أمه.",
  "en": "At dawn on the fiftieth night Ka'b heard a caller on Mount Sal' bringing him good news and fell prostrate. After the dawn prayer the Prophet announced God's acceptance of their repentance and people congratulated them; Talha ibn Ubaydullah rose to Ka'b and congratulated him, and the Prophet told him this was the best day that had come upon him since his mother bore him."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people",
  "place"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 630.7473117175575,
  "latest": 630.8321868347425
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0630-10",
   "hijri": "0009-07",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "رأس الباب عند ابن إسحاق: «غزوة تبوك في رجب سنة تسع»؛ والتوقيت الدقيق للواقعة داخل الغزوة غير مذكور، فنُسب إليها تاريخ الغزوة كلها. في فجر الليلة الخمسين من المقاطعة (ص180).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0630-10",
   "hijri": "0009-07",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "رأس الباب عند ابن إسحاق: «غزوة تبوك في رجب سنة تسع»؛ والتوقيت الدقيق للواقعة داخل الغزوة غير مذكور، فنُسب إليها تاريخ الغزوة كلها. في فجر الليلة الخمسين من المقاطعة (ص180).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "other",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630-10",
    "hijri": "0009-07",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "month",
    "status": "tradition",
    "derived": true,
    "note": "رأس الباب عند ابن إسحاق: «غزوة تبوك في رجب سنة تسع»؛ والتوقيت الدقيق للواقعة داخل الغزوة غير مذكور، فنُسب إليها تاريخ الغزوة كلها. في فجر الليلة الخمسين من المقاطعة (ص180).",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
    ]
   }
  },
  "issue": {
   "ar": "كيف تُفهم قصة قبول توبة الثلاثة المخلَّفين ودلالتها؟",
   "en": "How is the acceptance of the repentance of the three who stayed behind understood?"
  },
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "id": "sunni",
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يروي ابن إسحاق عن كعب أن توبتهم أُعلنت بعد الفجر ونزل فيها قرآن، ويحكي تفسير كعب لـ«خُلِّفوا» بأنه الإرجاء لا مجرد التخلف عن الغزوة؛ وللمفسرين السنة شروح في هذه الآيات تحتاج إلى مراجعة تفاسير بعينها (needs_source).",
     "en": "Ibn Ishaq relates from Ka'b that their repentance was announced after the dawn prayer and that Qur'an was revealed on it, and he recounts Ka'b's interpretation of 'khullifu' as deferral rather than mere absence from the campaign; Sunni exegetes have commentaries on these verses that need review of specific tafsir works (needs_source)."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "academic",
    "id": "academic",
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يربط الباحثون الواقعة بتثبيت معايير الولاء داخل جماعة المدينة بعد تبوك؛ تلخيص يحتاج إلى مرجع أكاديمي محدد (needs_source).",
     "en": "Researchers link the incident to the consolidation of loyalty norms within the Medinan community after Tabuk; the summary needs a specific academic reference (needs_source)."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa",
     "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 pp. 180-181",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-sonnet-5-5",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-7b"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 pp. 180-181"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "أُعلنت توبة الله على الثلاثة بعد صلاة الفجر في الليلة الخمسين، فسعى المبشّرون إليهم وهنّأ طلحة بن عبيد الله كعباً. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/180}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الصبح الخمسين",
     "markdown": "قال كعب: ثم صليت الصبح صبح خمسين ليلة على ظهر بيت من بيوتنا على الحال التي ذكر الله منا، قد ضاقت علينا الأرض بما رحبت وضاقت علي نفسي، وقد كنت ابتنيت خيمة في ظهر سلع فكنت أكون فيها. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/179-180} فسمع صوت صارخ أوفى على ظهر [[place/mount-sal|سلع]] يقول بأعلى صوته: يا كعب بن مالك أبشر، فخرّ ساجداً وعرف أن قد جاء الفرج. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/180}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الإعلان",
     "markdown": "وآذن النبي الناس بتوبة الله عليهم حين صلى الفجر، فذهب الناس يبشرونهم وذهب مبشرون نحو صاحبيه، وركض رجل إلى كعب فرساً، وسعى ساع من أسلم حتى أوفى على الجبل، «فكان الصوت أسرع من الفرس». {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/180}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "البشارة والثياب",
     "markdown": "فلما جاءه الذي سمع صوته يبشره نزع ثوبيه فكساهما إياه بشارة، وما كان يملك يومئذ غيرهما، واستعار ثوبين فلبسهما. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/180}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المسجد",
     "markdown": "ثم انطلق يؤمّ النبي وتلقاه الناس يبشرونه: «ليهنك توبة الله عليك»، حتى دخل المسجد والنبي جالس حوله الناس، فقام إليه [[person/talha-ibn-ubaydullah|طلحة بن عبيد الله]] فحيّاه وهنّأه، وما قام إليه رجل من المهاجرين غيره، وكان كعب لا ينساها لطلحة. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/180}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "كلام النبي",
     "markdown": "فلما سلّم قال له النبي ووجهه يبرق من السرور: «أبشر بخير يوم مرّ عليك منذ ولدتك أمك». فقال كعب: أمن عندك يا رسول الله أم من عند الله؟ قال: بل من عند الله. وكان النبي إذا استبشر كأن وجهه قطعة قمر. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/180}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الآيات",
     "markdown": "وأنزل الله فيهم آيتين ذكرهما ابن إسحاق: [[passage/quran-9-117|التوبة 117]] و[[passage/quran-9-118|التوبة 118]]، وبلغ بالاقتباس «إلى قوله وكونوا مع الصادقين» وهي [[passage/quran-9-119|التوبة 119]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/181}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "معنى «خُلِّفوا»",
     "markdown": "قال كعب إن ما ذكره الله من «تخليفهم» ليس لتخلفهم عن الغزوة، ولكن لتخليف الله إياهم وإرجاء أمرهم عمن حلف له واعتذر فقبل منه. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/181}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات المصدر والتمريض",
     "markdown": "- ما ورد في الآيات محال إلى ترقيمها بالمرجع؛ لا يُنقل لفظها.\n- تفسير «خلّفوا» من كلام كعب في روايته (ص181) لا من المتحف.\n- «ساع من أسلم» لم يسمَّ."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/repentance-of-the-three-accepted",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "God's acceptance of the three was announced after the dawn prayer of the fiftieth night; the bearers of glad tidings ran to them, and Talha ibn Ubaydullah congratulated Ka'b. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/180}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The fiftieth dawn",
     "markdown": "Ka'b said: then I prayed the dawn prayer of the fiftieth night on the roof of one of our houses, in the state God mentioned of us — the earth had narrowed for us despite its vastness, and my soul had narrowed for me; I had built a tent on the height of Sal' and used to stay in it. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/179-180} He heard the voice of a crier who had reached the top of [[place/mount-sal|Mount Sal']] calling at the top of his voice: \"Ka'b ibn Malik — rejoice!\" He fell prostrate, knowing relief had come. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/180}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The announcement",
     "markdown": "The Prophet announced God's acceptance to the people when he prayed the dawn prayer; the people went to give them the tidings, and bearers went toward his two companions. A man spurred a horse toward Ka'b while a runner of Aslam hurried up the mountain — \"and the voice was faster than the horse\". {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/180}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The tidings and the garments",
     "markdown": "When the man whose voice he had heard came bearing the tidings, Ka'b took off his two garments and clothed him in them for the glad news — they were all he owned that day — and borrowed two garments to wear. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/180}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The mosque",
     "markdown": "Then he set off toward the Prophet, the people meeting him with tidings — \"rejoice in God's acceptance of you\" — until he entered the mosque where the Prophet sat among the people. [[person/talha-ibn-ubaydullah|Talha ibn Ubaydullah]] stood to greet and congratulate him; no other man of the Muhajirun stood for him, and Ka'b never forgot it for Talha. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/180}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The Prophet's words",
     "markdown": "When he had greeted him the Prophet said, his face gleaming with joy: \"rejoice at the best day that has passed over you since your mother bore you.\" Ka'b said: is it from you, Messenger of God, or from God? He said: from God. When the Prophet rejoiced his face was like a piece of the moon. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/180}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The verses",
     "markdown": "God sent down on them two verses Ibn Ishaq records: [[passage/quran-9-117|al-Tawba 117]] and [[passage/quran-9-118|al-Tawba 118]]; his quotation ran to \"and be with the truthful\" — [[passage/quran-9-119|al-Tawba 119]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/181}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The meaning of \"deferred\"",
     "markdown": "Ka'b said God's mention of their being \"deferred\" was not for their staying behind from the expedition, but for God's deferring them and postponing their case apart from those who swore to him, excused themselves and were accepted. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/181}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Source notes and markers of doubt",
     "markdown": "- What appears in the verses is referred to by citation number; their wording is not reproduced.\n- The interpretation of \"deferred\" is Ka'b's in his account (p. 181), not the museum's.\n- The \"runner of Aslam\" is not named."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/repentance-of-the-three-accepted",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 24,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/hilal-ibn-umayya",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "تيب عليه",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/kaab-ibn-malik",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "تيب عليه",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/murara-ibn-al-rabi",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "تيب عليه",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/the-three-left-behind",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/talha-ibn-ubaydullah",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "قام إلى كعب فهنأه",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/mount-sal",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "سمع كعب الصارخ على سلع",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "work/kaab-ibn-malik-account-of-tabuk",
   "type": "mentioned_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-9-117",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "أنزلها الله بعد توبة الثلاثة بحسب ابن إسحاق، وافتتاحها مذكور (ص181)",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-9-118",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "فيها «وعلى الثلاثة الذين خُلِّفوا»، وفسّر كعب «التخليف» بالإرجاء (ص181)",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-9-119",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "اقتباس ابن إسحاق ينتهي «إلى قوله وكونوا مع الصادقين» (ص181)",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/boycott-of-the-three",
  "event/the-three-left-behind",
  "event/order-to-the-three-to-separate-from-their-wives",
  "work/kaab-ibn-malik-account-of-tabuk",
  "event/kaab-offers-his-wealth-and-vows-truthfulness",
  "event/kaab-tells-the-prophet-the-truth",
  "place/medina",
  "event/expedition-to-tabuk"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}