{
 "id": "event/sariyya-of-abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf-to-dumat-al-jandal",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "sariyya-of-abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf-to-dumat-al-jandal",
 "label": {
  "ar": "سرية عبد الرحمن بن عوف إلى دومة الجندل",
  "en": "Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf's detachment to Dumat al-Jandal"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "يرويها ابن إسحاق عن عطاء بن أبي رباح عن رجل سأل عبد الله بن عمر عن إرسال العمامة: كان ابن عمر عاشر عشرة في المسجد مع النبي، فسأل فتى من الأنصار: أي المؤمنين أفضل وأكيس؟ ثم خطب النبي المهاجرين بالخصال الخمس، ثم أمر عبد الرحمن بن عوف أن يتجهز لسرية، فعمّمه بيده بعمامة كرابيس سوداء وأرسل من خلفه أربع أصابع، ودفع إليه اللواء وعهد إليه: اغزوا في سبيل الله، لا تغلوا ولا تغدروا ولا تمثلوا ولا تقتلوا وليداً؛ قال ابن هشام: فخرج إلى دومة الجندل.",
  "en": "Ibn Ishaq tells it from Ata' ibn Abi Rabah, from a man who asked Abdullah ibn Umar about letting the turban's end hang behind: Ibn Umar was one of ten Companions sitting with the Prophet in his mosque when a young Ansari asked which believers were best and wisest; the Prophet then addressed the Muhajirun with the five afflictions, then ordered Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf to prepare for a detachment, wound a black cotton turban on him with his own hands leaving four fingers hanging behind, handed him the banner and charged him: fight in God's way, do not steal from the spoils, do not break faith, do not mutilate, do not kill a child. Ibn Hisham adds: he set out for Dumat al-Jandal."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "skirmishes-raids-expeditions",
  "laws-of-war-and-peace",
  "dress"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 626.9991170249903,
  "latest": 627.9984530825093
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0627~",
   "hijri": "0006~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "لا يؤرّخها ابن إسحاق؛ أصحاب المغازي يضعونها في شعبان سنة 6هـ (needs_source).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0627~",
   "hijri": "0006~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "لا يؤرّخها ابن إسحاق؛ أصحاب المغازي يضعونها في شعبان سنة 6هـ (needs_source).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "raid",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0627~",
    "hijri": "0006~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "debated",
    "note": "لا يؤرّخها ابن إسحاق؛ أصحاب المغازي يضعونها في شعبان سنة 6هـ (needs_source).",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
    ]
   }
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 pp. 279-281",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-14"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Fable 5.1; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 pp. 279-281; the raid itself is not narrated by Ibn Ishaq"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "لا يروي ابن إسحاق من هذه السرية إلا مجلسَ بعثها: يحدّث «من لا أتهم» عن عطاء بن أبي رباح أنه سمع رجلاً من أهل البصرة يسأل [[person/abdullah-ibn-umar|عبد الله بن عمر]] عن إرسال العمامة من خلف الرجل إذا اعتمّ، فأجابه ابن عمر بخبر طويل. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/279} {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المجلس في المسجد",
     "markdown": "كان ابن عمر عاشر عشرة في مسجد النبي: أبو بكر وعمر وعثمان وعلي و[[person/abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf|عبد الرحمن بن عوف]] وابن مسعود ومعاذ بن جبل وحذيفة بن اليمان وأبو سعيد الخدري وهو، إذ أقبل فتى من الأنصار فسلّم وجلس وسأل: أي المؤمنين أفضل؟ قال: أحسنهم خلقاً؛ قال: فأي المؤمنين أكيس؟ قال: أكثرهم ذكراً للموت وأحسنهم استعداداً له قبل أن ينزل به، أولئك الأكياس. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الخصال الخمس",
     "markdown": "ثم أقبل النبي على المهاجرين فقال: خمس خصال إذا نزلن بكم، وأعوذ بالله أن تدركوهن؛ وعدّدها: ما ظهرت الفاحشة في قوم حتى يُعلنوا بها إلا ظهر فيهم الطاعون والأوجاع التي لم تكن في أسلافهم، وما نقصوا المكيال والميزان إلا أُخذوا بالسنين وشدة المؤنة وجور السلطان، وما منعوا الزكاة إلا مُنعوا القطر فلولا البهائم ما مُطروا، وما نقضوا عهد الله وعهد رسوله إلا سُلّط عليهم عدو من غيرهم، وما لم يحكم أئمتهم بكتاب الله وتجبّروا فيما أنزل الله إلا جعل الله بأسهم بينهم؛ انظر [[work/hadith-of-the-five-afflictions|حديث الخصال الخمس]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "العمامة واللواء والعهد",
     "markdown": "ثم أمر عبد الرحمن بن عوف أن يتجهز لسرية بعثه عليها، فأصبح وقد اعتمّ بعمامة من كرابيس سوداء، فأدناه النبي ونقضها ثم عمّمه بها بيده وأرسل من خلفه أربع أصابع أو نحوها، وقال: هكذا يا ابن عوف فاعتمّ، فإنه أحسن وأعرف. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280} ثم أمر [[person/bilal-ibn-rabah|بلالاً]] أن يدفع إليه اللواء، فحمد الله وصلى على نفسه ثم قال: خذه يا ابن عوف، اغزوا جميعاً في سبيل الله فقاتلوا من كفر بالله، لا تغلّوا ولا تغدروا ولا تمثّلوا ولا تقتلوا وليداً، فهذا عهد الله وسيرة نبيه فيكم؛ فأخذ اللواء. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/281} ويضيف ابن هشام: فخرج إلى [[place/dumat-al-jandal|دومة الجندل]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/281}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "في المتحف",
     "markdown": "جواب ابن عمر عن العمامة يحمل في طيّه ثلاثة نصوص تُستشهد بها في أبواب شتى: الأكياس وذكر الموت، الخصال الخمس في فقه العقوبات الاجتماعية، وعهد القتال الذي يُعدّ من أصول أحكام الحرب عند المسلمين: لا غلول ولا غدر ولا مُثلة ولا قتل وليد. أما السرية نفسها، ومن لقيت بدومة الجندل، فلا يرويها ابن إسحاق، وما يُذكر من زواج ابن عوف بتماضر بنت الأصبغ هناك من مصادر أخرى (needs_source). {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/281}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "علامات الرواية",
     "markdown": "- الإسناد: ابن إسحاق «عمن لا أتهم» عن عطاء عن رجل بصري غير مسمى عن ابن عمر. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/279}\n- «وتجبّروا» في نسختين، و«تحيّروا» في نسخة. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}\n- الوجهة من كلام ابن هشام لا ابن إسحاق. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/281}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/sariyya-of-abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf-to-dumat-al-jandal",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Ibn Ishaq relates from this expedition only the session at which it was sent out. He tells, from \"one I do not doubt\", on the authority of Ata ibn Abi Rabah, that he heard a man of Basra ask [[person/abdullah-ibn-umar|Abd Allah ibn Umar]] about letting the end of a turban hang behind a man when he wraps it, and Ibn Umar answered with a long report. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/279} {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The session in the mosque",
     "markdown": "Ibn Umar was the tenth of ten in the mosque of the Prophet: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, [[person/abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf|Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf]], Ibn Mas'ud, Mu'adh ibn Jabal, Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman, Abu Sa'id al-Khudri and himself, when a young man of the Ansar came, greeted and sat, and asked: which of the believers is best? He said: the best in character. He asked: which believer is the most sagacious? He said: the one who remembers death most and prepares for it best before it comes; those are the sagacious. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The five afflictions",
     "markdown": "The Prophet then turned to the emigrants and said: five qualities, which I seek refuge in God from your reaching; and he counted them: no indecency appears among a people until they make it public, but plague and diseases appear among them that were not in their forefathers; they did not diminish measure and balance but they were seized by years of drought, hardship of livelihood and the injustice of the ruler; they did not withhold the zakat but the rain was withheld from them, and were it not for the animals they would not have been given rain; they did not break the covenant of God and His Messenger but an enemy from others was given power over them; and their leaders did not judge by the Book of God and became tyrants in what God had sent down, but God made their might a matter between them. See [[work/hadith-of-the-five-afflictions|the hadith of the five afflictions]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The turban, the banner and the charge",
     "markdown": "Then he ordered Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf to prepare for the expedition he was sending him on, and in the morning he came wearing a black cotton turban. The Prophet drew him near, undid it, and wound it upon him with his own hand, letting about four fingers' length hang behind, and said: so, Ibn Awf, wind it, for it is better and more recognised. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280} Then he ordered [[person/bilal-ibn-rabah|Bilal]] to give him the banner; he praised God, invoked blessings upon himself and said: take it, Ibn Awf; fight together in the way of God against those who disbelieve in God; do not embezzle, do not betray, do not mutilate, and do not kill a child; this is the covenant of God and the practice of His Prophet among you; and he took the banner. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/281} Ibn Hisham adds: he set out for [[place/dumat-al-jandal|Dumat al-Jandal]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/281}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "In the museum",
     "markdown": "Ibn Umar's answer about the turban carries three texts that are cited in several places: the intelligent and their remembrance of death; the five afflictions in the jurisprudence of social punishments; and the covenant of war, counted among the foundations of the rulings of war for Muslims: no embezzlement, no betrayal, no mutilation, and no killing of a child. The expedition itself, and whom he met at Dumat al-Jandal, is not related by Ibn Ishaq; what is said of Ibn Awf's marriage there to Tumadir bint al-Asbagh comes from other sources (needs_source). {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/281}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Marks of the report",
     "markdown": "- The chain: Ibn Ishaq \"from someone I do not doubt\" from Ata from an unnamed man of Basra from Ibn Umar. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/279}\n- \"Wa-tajabbarū\" in two copies and \"tahayyarū\" in one copy. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}\n- The destination comes from Ibn Hisham, not Ibn Ishaq. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/281}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/sariyya-of-abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf-to-dumat-al-jandal",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 16,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أمير السرية؛ عمّمه النبي بيده ودفع إليه اللواء",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-umar",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "راوي الخبر؛ عاشر عشرة في المسجد",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "دفع اللواء إلى ابن عوف بأمر النبي",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/dumat-al-jandal",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "«قال ابن هشام: فخرج إلى دومة الجندل»",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "building/prophets-mosque",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "التعميم ودفع اللواء في المسجد",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "عمّمه بيده ودفع إليه اللواء وعهد إليه",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "work/hadith-of-the-five-afflictions",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/al-dawa-al-sirriyya",
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "event/battle-of-the-trench",
  "event/brotherhood-of-muhajirun-and-ansar",
  "event/conquest-of-mecca",
  "event/expedition-of-dumat-al-jandal",
  "event/hijra",
  "passage/muwatta-1-194"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}