{
 "id": "event/seal-of-caliphate-loss",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "seal-of-caliphate-loss",
 "label": {
  "ar": "ضياع خاتم الخلافة في بئر أريس",
  "en": "The Caliphal Seal Lost in the Well"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "اتخذ رسول الله خاتماً من فضة ونقش عليه محمد رسول الله فكان أبو بكر يختم به ثم عمر ثم عثمان وكان في يده فسقط من يده في البئر فنزحت فلم يقدر عليه وذلك في النصف من خلافته فاتخذ خاتماً ونقش عليه محمد رسول الله في ثلاثة أسطر وقال الحسن كان خاتم رسول الله من ورق وكان فصه حبشياً وقال أنس قال النبي قد صنعت خاتماً فلا ينقشن أحد على نقشه.",
  "en": "The Prophet's silver seal, engraved 'Muhammad, Messenger of God', passed to Abu Bakr's sealing, then Umar's, then Uthman's — and slipped from his hand into the well mid-caliphate; it was emptied and the seal not recovered, so he had a seal made engraved 'Muhammad, Messenger of God' in three lines. Variants: all silver, fass and ring, or a silver ring with an Abyssinian stone; and his word, 'I have made a seal — let no one engrave upon its engraving'."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "other",
  "sources": [
   "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)",
   "extraction_flow": "Apple Vision OCR -> manual extraction"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "اتخذ رسول الله خاتماً من فضة، نُقش عليه «محمد رسول الله». وتداول الخلفاء الختم به: [[person/abu-bakr|أبو بكر]] ثم [[person/umar-ibn-al-khattab|عمر]] ثم [[person/uthman-ibn-affan|عثمان]]. فسقط من يد عثمان في البئر، في منتصف خلافته بحسب البلاذري. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "البحث عنه",
     "markdown": "نُزحت البئر ولم يُقدر عليه. فاتخذ عثمان خاتماً جديداً نُقش عليه «محمد رسول الله» في ثلاثة أسطر. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "روايات في وصف الخاتم",
     "markdown": "ينقل البلاذري عن الحسن أن الخاتم كان من ورق، وأن فصّه كان حبشياً. وينقل عن أنس أن النبي قال إنه صنع خاتماً، ونهى أن ينقش أحد على نقشه. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}\n\nلم يذكر المصدر في بيانات الصفحة سنة الحادثة؛ ويحتاج إلى مصدر إضافي."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/seal-of-caliphate-loss",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The Messenger of God had a silver ring made, engraved \"Muhammad, Messenger of God\". The caliphs used the seal in turn: [[person/abu-bakr|Abu Bakr]], then [[person/umar-ibn-al-khattab|Umar]], then [[person/uthman-ibn-affan|Uthman]]. It fell from Uthman's hand into the well, in the middle of his caliphate according to al-Baladhuri. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The search",
     "markdown": "The well was drained and it could not be found. Uthman then made a new ring engraved \"Muhammad, Messenger of God\" in three lines. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Accounts of the ring",
     "markdown": "Al-Baladhuri relates from al-Hasan that the ring was of silver, and its bezel was Abyssinian. He relates from Anas that the Prophet said he had made a ring, and forbade anyone to engrave on its design. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}\n\nThe source does not give the year of the event in the data, and it needs an additional source."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/seal-of-caliphate-loss",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abu-bakr",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "خاتم به",
   "sources": [
    "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "خاتم به",
   "sources": [
    "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/uthman-ibn-affan",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "ضاع من يده",
   "sources": [
    "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/hijra",
  "passage/muwatta-1-214",
  "passage/muwatta-6-1196",
  "place/medina",
  "person/abu-bakr",
  "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
  "person/uthman-ibn-affan",
  "event/abu-bakr-leads-the-prayers"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}