{
 "id": "event/second-pledge-of-aqaba",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "second-pledge-of-aqaba",
 "label": {
  "ar": "بيعة العقبة الثانية",
  "en": "The second pledge of al-Aqaba"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في موسم الحج من السنة الثالثة عشرة من البعثة، يونيو 622م، اجتمع نحو ثلاث وسبعين رجلاً وامرأتين من أهل يثرب مع النبي في الشعب عند العقبة، فحضر العباس بن عبد المطلب، وتكلم العباس عن خطورة الحلف، ثم بايعوه على السمع والطاعة والنفقة والأمر بالمعروف والقيام في الله والنصرة، وانتخبوا اثني عشر نقيباً، ثم تسلل شيطان بالصيحة فأمرهم النبي بالانصراف.",
  "en": "At the pilgrim season of the thirteenth year of the mission, June 622, about seventy-three men and two women from Yathrib met the Prophet secretly at the ravine of al-Aqaba; al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib spoke of the gravity of the covenant; they pledged hearing and obedience, spending in hardship and ease, enjoining good, standing for God, and protecting him; they chose twelve chiefs, and a voice from the hills gave the alarm, after which the Prophet ordered them to disperse."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 622.4131227882845,
  "latest": 622.4952599984624
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0622-06~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "موسم الحج من السنة الثالثة عشرة من البعثة، يونيو 622م (الرحيق ص147)."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0622-06~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "موسم الحج من السنة الثالثة عشرة من البعثة، يونيو 622م (الرحيق ص147)."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "treaty",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0622-06~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "month",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "موسم الحج من السنة الثالثة عشرة من البعثة، يونيو 622م (الرحيق ص147)."
   }
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/sahih-al-bukhari",
   "source/musnad-ahmad",
   "source/zad-al-maad"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص143–152 نقلاً عن ابن هشام 1/431–454 وزاد المعاد 2/51–52 وصحيح البخاري 1/7، 1/550–551، 2/727 ومسند أحمد وصحيح مسلم 2/131 ورحمة للعالمين 1/85",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-11a"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-haiku-5-5); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 147–152"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "في موسم الحج من السنة الثالثة عشرة من البعثة، يونيو 622م، جاء بضع وسبعون رجلاً من أهل يثرب مع حجاج قومهم، واتفقوا مع النبي على أن يجتمعوا في الشعب عند [[place/mina|العقبة]] في أوسط أيام التشريق، ليلاً وفي سرية تامة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.147}. وكانت تسمى بيعة العقبة الكبرى {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.154}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الاجتماع كما يرويه كعب",
     "markdown": "يروي كعب بن مالك أنهم كتموا أمرهم عن المشركين من قومهم، ودعوا عبد الله بن عمرو بن حرام إلى الإسلام فأسلم وشهد العقبة وكان نقيباً، ثم خرجوا بعد ثلث الليل يتسللون كتسلل القطا، فاجتمعوا في الشعب، وكانوا ثلاثة وسبعين رجلاً وامرأتين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.147} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.148}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "كلام العباس",
     "markdown": "حضر النبي ومعه عمه [[person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib|العباس بن عبد المطلب]] وهو يومئذ على دين قومه، أحب أن يحضر أمر ابن أخيه ويتوثق له، فكان أول المتكلمين، فقال للخزرج إن محمداً منا حيث علمتم، وإنهم منعوه من قومه، فإن كانوا يرون أنهم وافون له بما دعوه إليه ومانعوه ممن خالفه فليتحملوا ذلك، وإن كانوا يرون أنهم مسلموه بعد الخروج فليدعوه الآن {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.148}. فقالوا إنهم سمعوا ما قال، وطلبوا أن يتكلم النبي {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.148}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "بنود البيعة",
     "markdown": "روى أحمد عن جابر البنود: السمع والطاعة في النشاط والكسل، والنفقة في العسر واليسر، والأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر، وأن يقوموا في الله لا تأخذهم فيه لومة لائم، وأن ينصروا النبي إذا قدم عليهم ويمنعوه مما يمنعون منه أنفسهم وأزواجهم وأبناءهم، ولهم الجنة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.149}. وفي رواية ابن إسحاق أن البراء بن معرور أخذ بيده وقال إنهم يمنعونه مما يمنعون منه أُزرهم، وأن أبا الهيثم بن التيهان سأل عن الحبال بينهم وبين اليهود ثم أن يرجع النبي إلى قومه، فقال النبي: الدم الدم، والهدم الهدم، أنا منكم وأنتم مني، أحارب من حاربتم، وأسالم من سالمتم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.149}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "تأكيد الخطر",
     "markdown": "قام العباس بن عبادة بن نضلة فقال لهم إنهم يبايعونه على حرب الأحمر والأسود، فإن كانوا سيسلمونه بعد نهك الأموال وقتل الأشراف فليتركوه الآن، فقالوا إنهم يأخذونه على ذلك وإن لهم الجنة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.150}. وقام [[person/asad-ibn-zurara|أسعد بن زرارة]] فقال: رويداً يا أهل يثرب، إنا لم نضرب إليه أكباد الإبل إلا ونحن نعلم أنه رسول الله، فإما أنتم تصبرون على ذلك فخذوه، وإما تخافون على أنفسكم فذروه {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.150}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "عقد البيعة والنقباء",
     "markdown": "بعد ذلك بدأ العقد بالمصافحة، وكان أسعد أول من أخذ يد النبي، وقالوا لأسعد: أمط عنا يدك، فوالله لا نذر هذه البيعة ولا نستقيلها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.150} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.151}. وأخذ النبي البيعة العامة، وكانت بيعة المرأتين قولاً، إذ ما صافح النبي امرأة أجنبية قط {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.151}. ثم طلب اثني عشر نقيباً، تسعة من الخزرج وثلاثة من الأوس، وقال لهم إنهم كفلاء على قومهم ككفالة الحواريين لعيسى، وإنه كفيل على قومه {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.151} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.152}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الشيطان والنفير",
     "markdown": "لما تمت المعاهدة وكان القوم على وشك الانفضاض، صاح شيطان من مرتفع بأعلى صوت يقول: يا أهل الأخاشب، هل لكم في محمد والصباة معه؟ قد اجتمعوا على حربكم. فقال النبي: هذا أزب العقبة، ثم أمرهم أن ينفضوا إلى رحالهم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.152} {cite:zad-al-maad 2/51}. وعرض العباس بن عبادة أن يميلوا على أهل منى بأسيافهم غداً، فقال النبي لم يؤمر بذلك، وأمرهم بالرجوع فناموا حتى أصبحوا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.153}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات للباحثين",
     "markdown": "- الكتاب يذكر أن بعض بني عبد الأشهل نسبوا التقديم إلى أبي الهيثم بن التيهان، وقال كعب إنه البراء بن معرور، والكتاب يرجح أن الأولى أسعد بن زرارة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.151}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "في موسم الحج التالي التقى النبي بثلاث وسبعين رجلاً وامرأتين من أهل المدينة سراً عند العقبة. بايعوه أن ينصروه كما ينصرون أهلهم، واختاروا اثني عشر زعيماً منهم."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/second-pledge-of-aqaba",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "In the pilgrimage season of the thirteenth year of the mission, June 622 CE, some seventy men of Yathrib came with the pilgrims of their people, and agreed with the Prophet to gather in the glen at [[place/mina|al-Aqaba]] in the middle of the days of Tashriq, by night and in complete secrecy. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.147} It was called the Greater Pledge of al-Aqaba. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.154}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The gathering as Ka'b relates",
     "markdown": "Ka'b ibn Malik relates that they concealed their affair from the polytheists of their people, and invited Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn Haram to Islam, and he accepted Islam and attended al-Aqaba and was a chief. They then went out after a third of the night, slipping away like sand grouse, and gathered in the glen; they were seventy-three men and two women. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.147} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.148}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Al-Abbas's words",
     "markdown": "The Prophet attended with his uncle [[person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib|al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]], who was then of his people's religion, and wished to attend his nephew's affair and secure it for him. He was the first to speak, telling the Khazraj that Muhammad was of their side, as they knew, and that they had protected him from his people. If they thought they would fulfil what they invited him to and protect him from those who opposed him, let them take that upon themselves; but if they thought they would hand him over after leaving, let them leave him now. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.148} They said they had heard what he said and asked that the Prophet speak. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.148}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The terms of the pledge",
     "markdown": "Ahmad relates from Jabir the terms: to hear and obey in ease and in laziness; to spend in hardship and in ease; to command right and forbid wrong; to stand up for God and not fear the blame of any blamer; and to support the Prophet when he came to them and protect him from what they protect themselves, their wives and their sons, and for them is Paradise. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.149} In Ibn Ishaq's account al-Bara' ibn Ma'rur took his hand and said they would protect him from what they protect their loincloths; Abu al-Haytham ibn al-Tayyihan asked about the ropes between them and the Jews, and whether the Prophet would then return to his people. The Prophet said: \"Blood for blood, destruction for destruction; I am of you and you are of me; I fight whom you fight and make peace with whom you make peace.\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.149}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Confirming the danger",
     "markdown": "Al-Abbas ibn Ubada ibn Nadla stood up and told them that they were pledging to fight the red and the black; if they were going to hand him over after their wealth was exhausted and their notables killed, let them leave him now. They said they would take him on those terms, and that for them was Paradise. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.150} [[person/asad-ibn-zurara|As'ad ibn Zurara]] stood up and said: \"Gently, people of Yathrib; we did not drive the bellies of camels to him except that we knew he was the Messenger of God; if you can endure this, take him; if you fear for yourselves, leave him.\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.150}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The handshake and the chiefs",
     "markdown": "The pledge began with the handshake, and As'ad was the first to take the Prophet's hand. They said to As'ad: take your hand from us, for by God we will not abandon this pledge nor revoke it. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.150}-{cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.151} The Prophet took the general pledge, and the pledge of the two women was by word, for he never shook hands with a woman who was not lawful to him. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.151} Then he asked for twelve chiefs, nine from the Khazraj and three from the Aws, and told them they were guarantors over their people, as the disciples were guarantors for Jesus, and that he was guarantor over his people. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.151}-{cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.152}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The devil and the alarm",
     "markdown": "When the agreement was complete and the people were about to disperse, a devil cried out from a height with the loudest voice: \"O people of al-Akhashib, is there anything for you in Muhammad and the Sabi'a with him? They have gathered to fight you.\" The Prophet said: \"This is the devil of the Aqaba.\" Then he ordered them to go back to their camps. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.152} {cite:zad-al-maad 2/51} Al-Abbas ibn Ubada offered that they fall upon the people of Mina with their swords the next day, but the Prophet said he had not been commanded to do that, and ordered them back; they slept until morning. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.153}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes for researchers",
     "markdown": "- The book says that some of the Banu Abd al-Ashhal attributed the leading role to Abu al-Haytham ibn al-Tayyihan; Ka'b said it was al-Bara' ibn Ma'rur; the book holds that the first was As'ad ibn Zurara. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.151}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "At the next pilgrimage season the Prophet met seventy-three men and two women of Medina in secret at al-Aqaba. They pledged to support him as they support their own people, and they chose twelve leaders from among them."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/second-pledge-of-aqaba",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 22,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "event/emigration-of-the-companions",
   "type": "caused",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/first-pledge-of-aqaba",
   "type": "caused_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/mina",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "حضر وتكلم عن خطورة الحلف",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/sad-ibn-al-rabi",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "من النقباء",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-rawaha",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "من النقباء",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ubada-ibn-al-samit",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "من النقباء",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/sad-ibn-ubada",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "من النقباء",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/usayd-ibn-hudayr",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "من النقباء",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/pledges-of-aqaba",
  "event/first-pledge-of-aqaba",
  "group/ansar",
  "place/medina",
  "event/address-to-the-ansar-at-jirana",
  "event/badr-battle-day",
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "event/battle-of-hunayn"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}