{
 "id": "event/tabuk-mobilisation-order",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "tabuk-mobilisation-order",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أمر النبي الناس بالتهيؤ لغزو الروم",
  "en": "The Prophet orders the people to prepare to fight the Byzantines"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "قال ابن إسحاق إن النبي أقام بالمدينة من ذي الحجة إلى رجب، ثم أمر الناس بالتهيؤ لغزو الروم، في زمن عسرة وشدة حر وجدب وحين طابت الثمار؛ وكان قلّما يخرج في غزوة إلا كنّى عنها، إلا غزوة تبوك فقد بيّنها للناس لبعد الشقة وشدة الزمان وكثرة العدو.",
  "en": "Ibn Ishaq says the Prophet stayed in Medina from Dhu al-Hijja to Rajab, then ordered the people to prepare for the campaign against the Byzantines — in a time of hardship, fierce heat and drought, when the fruit had ripened. He rarely went on a campaign without concealing its destination, but for Tabuk he declared it plainly because the distance was far, the time harsh and the enemy many."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people",
  "place"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 630.7473117175575,
  "latest": 630.8321868347425
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0630-10",
   "hijri": "0009-07",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "رأس الباب عند ابن إسحاق: «غزوة تبوك في رجب سنة تسع»؛ والتوقيت الدقيق للواقعة داخل الغزوة غير مذكور، فنُسب إليها تاريخ الغزوة كلها.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0630-10",
   "hijri": "0009-07",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "رأس الباب عند ابن إسحاق: «غزوة تبوك في رجب سنة تسع»؛ والتوقيت الدقيق للواقعة داخل الغزوة غير مذكور، فنُسب إليها تاريخ الغزوة كلها.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "other",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630-10",
    "hijri": "0009-07",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "month",
    "status": "tradition",
    "derived": true,
    "note": "رأس الباب عند ابن إسحاق: «غزوة تبوك في رجب سنة تسع»؛ والتوقيت الدقيق للواقعة داخل الغزوة غير مذكور، فنُسب إليها تاريخ الغزوة كلها.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
    ]
   }
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 p. 159",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-sonnet-5-5",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-6a"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 pp. 159"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "قال ابن إسحاق إن النبي أقام بالمدينة من ذي الحجة إلى رجب، ثم أمر الناس بالتهيؤ لغزو الروم، في زمن عسرة وشدة حر وجدب وحين طابت الثمار؛ وكان قلّما يخرج في غزوة إلا كنّى عنها، إلا غزوة تبوك فقد بيّنها للناس لبعد الشقة وشدة الزمان وكثرة العدو. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/159}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الرواية",
     "markdown": "أقام النبي بالمدينة ما بين ذي الحجة إلى رجب، ثم أمر الناس بالتهيؤ لغزو الروم. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/159}\n\nويسمّي ابن إسحاق من حدّثه عن الغزوة: الزهري ويزيد بن رومان وعبد الله بن أبي بكر وعاصم بن عمر بن قتادة وغيرهم؛ وقال إن كلاً منهم حدّث ما بلغه، وإن بعضهم يحدّث بما لا يحدّث به بعض. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/159}\n\nوصف ابن إسحاق الزمان بعسرة الناس وشدة الحر وجدب البلاد، وحين طابت الثمار واستحب الناس المقام في ثمارهم وظلالهم وكرهوا الخروج. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/159}\n\nوأضاف أن عادة النبي أن يكنّي عن الوجهة التي يقصدها، إلا في غزوة تبوك فقد بيّنها للناس وأخبرهم أنه يريد الروم، ليأخذوا أهبتهم. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/159}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "علامات التمريض والشك",
     "markdown": "- رواية مركّبة: جمع ابن إسحاق روايات عدد من علمائه وقال إن بعضهم يحدّث ما لا يحدّث بعض (ص159)."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/tabuk-mobilisation-order",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Ibn Ishaq says the Prophet stayed in Medina from Dhu al-Hijja to Rajab, then ordered the people to prepare to invade the Byzantines — in a time of hardship, fierce heat and drought, when the fruits had ripened. His custom was to give a feigned name to every expedition, except the Tabuk expedition, which he made plain to the people because of the distance, the season's severity and the enemy's numbers. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/159}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The account",
     "markdown": "The Prophet stayed in Medina from Dhu al-Hijja to Rajab, then ordered the people to prepare to invade the Byzantines. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/159}\n\nIbn Ishaq names those who related the expedition to him: al-Zuhri, Yazid ibn Ruman, Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr, Asim ibn Umar ibn Qatada and others; he says each of them related what reached him, some telling what others did not. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/159}\n\nIbn Ishaq describes the season: the people's hardship, the heat's severity, the land's drought, the fruit's ripeness — people preferred staying by their fruits and in their shade and hated going out. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/159}\n\nHe adds that it was the Prophet's custom to feign his intended destination — except on the Tabuk expedition, which he made plain, telling them he intended the Byzantines, so they might take their full equipment. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/159}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Markers of weakness and doubt",
     "markdown": "- A composite account: Ibn Ishaq combined the reports of several of his authorities, saying some tell what others do not (p. 159)."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/tabuk-mobilisation-order",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "event/expedition-to-tabuk",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "caller",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/al-jadd-ibn-qays-asks-to-stay-behind",
  "event/masjid-al-dirar-builders-ask-the-prophet-to-pray",
  "event/the-three-left-behind",
  "event/the-weepers-al-bakkaun",
  "event/uthman-funds-the-army-of-hardship",
  "event/expedition-to-tabuk",
  "person/muhammad",
  "place/medina"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}