{
 "id": "event/the-three-left-behind",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "the-three-left-behind",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الثلاثة الذين خُلّفوا بعد تبوك",
  "en": "The three who were left behind after Tabuk"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "بعد عودة النبي إلى المدينة نهى عن كلام ثلاثة من المسلمين تخلفوا عن تبوك «من غير شك ولا نفاق» بحسب ابن إسحاق، وهم كعب بن مالك ومرارة بن الربيع وهلال بن أمية، فاعتزلهم الناس خمسين ليلة حتى أُعلنت توبتهم بعد صلاة الفجر.",
  "en": "After the Prophet returned to Medina he forbade speech with three Muslims who had stayed behind from Tabuk 'without doubt and without hypocrisy' in Ibn Ishaq's words — Ka'b ibn Malik, Murara ibn al-Rabi' and Hilal ibn Umayya. People withdrew from them for fifty nights until their repentance was announced after the dawn prayer."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people",
  "place"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 630.7473117175575,
  "latest": 630.8321868347425
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0630-10",
   "hijri": "0009-07",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "رأس الباب عند ابن إسحاق: «غزوة تبوك في رجب سنة تسع»؛ والتوقيت الدقيق للواقعة داخل الغزوة غير مذكور، فنُسب إليها تاريخ الغزوة كلها. وتمتد القصة خمسين ليلة بعد الرجوع (ص178-180)، ولا يذكر ابن إسحاق لها يوماً بعينه.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0630-10",
   "hijri": "0009-07",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "رأس الباب عند ابن إسحاق: «غزوة تبوك في رجب سنة تسع»؛ والتوقيت الدقيق للواقعة داخل الغزوة غير مذكور، فنُسب إليها تاريخ الغزوة كلها. وتمتد القصة خمسين ليلة بعد الرجوع (ص178-180)، ولا يذكر ابن إسحاق لها يوماً بعينه.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "other",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630-10",
    "hijri": "0009-07",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "month",
    "status": "tradition",
    "derived": true,
    "note": "رأس الباب عند ابن إسحاق: «غزوة تبوك في رجب سنة تسع»؛ والتوقيت الدقيق للواقعة داخل الغزوة غير مذكور، فنُسب إليها تاريخ الغزوة كلها. وتمتد القصة خمسين ليلة بعد الرجوع (ص178-180)، ولا يذكر ابن إسحاق لها يوماً بعينه.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
    ]
   }
  },
  "issue": {
   "ar": "كيف تُفهم قصة الثلاثة الذين خُلِّفوا بعد تبوك؟",
   "en": "How is the story of the three who were left behind after Tabuk understood?"
  },
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "id": "sunni",
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يروي ابن إسحاق القصة عن كعب بن مالك نفسه، ويصف الثلاثة بأنهم تخلفوا «من غير شك ولا نفاق»، وينقل نزول الآيات في توبتهم (9:117-118)؛ ويستخرج الفقهاء من القصة أحكاماً في التوبة والصدق وهجر العاصي، وهذا الاستخراج يحتاج إلى مراجعة شروح بعينها (needs_source).",
     "en": "Ibn Ishaq relates the story from Ka'b ibn Malik himself, describes the three as having stayed behind 'without doubt and without hypocrisy', and transmits the revelation of the verses on their repentance (9:117-118); jurists derive from the story rulings on repentance, truthfulness and shunning the disobedient — this derivation still needs review of specific commentaries (needs_source)."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "academic",
    "id": "academic",
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يرى الباحثون في القصة مثالاً على الضبط الاجتماعي في مجتمع المدينة عبر المقاطعة بوصفها عقوبة؛ تلخيص يحتاج إلى مرجع أكاديمي محدد (needs_source).",
     "en": "Researchers see in the story an example of social discipline in Medinan society through the boycott as a sanction; the summary needs a specific academic reference (needs_source)."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa",
     "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 pp. 175-181",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-sonnet-5-5",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-7b"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 pp. 175-181"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "قدم النبي المدينة بعد تبوك وقد تخلف عنه رهط من المنافقين بحسب ابن إسحاق، وتخلف ثلاثة من المسلمين «من غير شك ولا نفاق»: كعب بن مالك ومرارة بن الربيع وهلال بن أمية. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/175}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الرواية",
     "markdown": "قال ابن إسحاق: فقال النبي لأصحابه: «لا تكلمنّ أحداً من هؤلاء الثلاثة»، وأتاه المتخلفون من المنافقين فجعلوا يحلفون له ويعتذرون، فصفح عنهم، «واعتزل المسلمون كلام أولئك النفر الثلاثة». {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/175} وتفصيل القصة من رواية كعب بن مالك نفسه، بإسناد ابن إسحاق عن الزهري، في [[work/kaab-ibn-malik-account-of-tabuk|حديث كعب]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/175}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مراحل القصة",
     "markdown": "[[event/prophets-return-and-excuses-of-the-stragglers|الرجوع واعتذار المتخلفين]]، ثم [[event/kaab-ibn-malik-delays-his-preparations|تأخر كعب عن التجهز]]، و[[event/kaab-tells-the-prophet-the-truth|صدقه مع النبي]]، و[[event/boycott-of-the-three|مقاطعة الثلاثة]] وما فيها: [[event/kaab-and-abu-qatada-at-the-garden-wall|أبو قتادة على الحائط]]، و[[event/ghassan-kings-letter-to-kaab|كتاب ملك غسان]]، و[[event/order-to-the-three-to-separate-from-their-wives|الأمر باعتزال النساء]]، ثم [[event/repentance-of-the-three-accepted|قبول التوبة]] و[[event/kaab-offers-his-wealth-and-vows-truthfulness|نذر كعب الصدق]]. والجدول الزمني في [[dataset/three-left-behind-fifty-nights|مجموعة البيانات]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "مفاهيم",
     "markdown": "[[concept/tawba|التوبة]]، و[[concept/al-hajr-social-boycott|المقاطعة الاجتماعية]]، و[[concept/al-sidq-truthfulness|الصدق في الحديث]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات المصدر والتمريض",
     "markdown": "- وصف المتخلفين الآخرين بالمنافقين من عبارة ابن إسحاق، ولم يُسمَّ منهم أحد هنا.\n- «ولم يعذرهم الله ولا رسوله» (ص175): ضبط الفعل غير مستقر على الصورة، والعبارة متصلة بالمعتذرين في سياق الجملة؛ تُراجَع.\n- «بضعة وثمانين رجلاً» عدد المعتذرين على لسان كعب (ص177)."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/the-three-left-behind",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "The Prophet entered Medina after Tabuk, a band of hypocrites having stayed behind per Ibn Ishaq — and three Muslims stayed behind \"in neither doubt nor hypocrisy\": Ka'b ibn Malik, Marara ibn al-Rabi' and Hilal ibn Umayya. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/175}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The account",
     "markdown": "Ibn Ishaq said: the Prophet said to his companions \"speak to none of these three\", and the hypocrites who stayed behind came swearing oaths and making excuses, and he pardoned them — \"and the Muslims shunned speech with those three\". {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/175} The story's detail is Ka'b ibn Malik's own account, on Ibn Ishaq's chain from al-Zuhri, in [[work/kaab-ibn-malik-account-of-tabuk|Ka'b's account]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/175}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The story's stages",
     "markdown": "[[event/prophets-return-and-excuses-of-the-stragglers|The return and the stragglers' excuses]], then [[event/kaab-ibn-malik-delays-his-preparations|Ka'b's delay in preparing]], [[event/kaab-tells-the-prophet-the-truth|his truthfulness with the Prophet]], the [[event/boycott-of-the-three|boycott of the three]] and what befell in it: [[event/kaab-and-abu-qatada-at-the-garden-wall|Abu Qatada at the wall]], [[event/ghassan-kings-letter-to-kaab|the Ghassanid king's letter]], [[event/order-to-the-three-to-separate-from-their-wives|the order to keep apart from the wives]], then [[event/repentance-of-the-three-accepted|the acceptance of repentance]] and [[event/kaab-offers-his-wealth-and-vows-truthfulness|Ka'b's vow of truthfulness]]. The timeline is in [[dataset/three-left-behind-fifty-nights|the dataset]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Concepts",
     "markdown": "[[concept/tawba|Repentance]], [[concept/al-hajr-social-boycott|social boycott]], [[concept/al-sidq-truthfulness|truthfulness in speech]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Source notes and markers of doubt",
     "markdown": "- Describing the others who stayed behind as hypocrites is Ibn Ishaq's phrasing; none of them is named here.\n- \"And neither God nor His Messenger excused them\" (p. 175): the verb's vowelling on the page is not settled, and the phrase attaches to the excusers in context; to be reviewed.\n- \"Eighty-odd men\", the number of the excusers, is on Ka'b's tongue (p. 177)."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/the-three-left-behind",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 32,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/hilal-ibn-umayya",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/kaab-ibn-malik",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أحد الثلاثة المخلفين وراوي قصتهم",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/murara-ibn-al-rabi",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/boycott-of-the-three",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/expedition-to-tabuk",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/ghassan-kings-letter-to-kaab",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/kaab-and-abu-qatada-at-the-garden-wall",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/kaab-ibn-malik-delays-his-preparations",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/kaab-offers-his-wealth-and-vows-truthfulness",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/kaab-tells-the-prophet-the-truth",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/order-to-the-three-to-separate-from-their-wives",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/prophets-return-and-excuses-of-the-stragglers",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/repentance-of-the-three-accepted",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "work/kaab-ibn-malik-account-of-tabuk",
   "type": "mentioned_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "place/medina",
  "person/kaab-ibn-malik",
  "person/muhammad",
  "event/boycott-of-the-three",
  "event/repentance-of-the-three-accepted",
  "event/order-to-the-three-to-separate-from-their-wives",
  "person/hilal-ibn-umayya",
  "person/murara-ibn-al-rabi"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}