{
 "id": "group/banu-qurayza",
 "class": "group",
 "slug": "banu-qurayza",
 "label": {
  "en": "Banu Qurayza",
  "ar": "بنو قريظة"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "Medina's last Jewish tribe — besieged after the Battle of the Trench for treating with the confederates, judged by the arbitration they themselves accepted, and their men put to death in the gravest single act of violence of the Prophet's era.",
  "ar": "آخر قبائل يهود المدينة — حوصرت بعد الخندق لموالاتها الأحزاب، وحُكم فيها بالتحكيم الذي قبلته هي، فقُتل مقاتلوها في أعظم أعمال العنف وقعًا في العهد النبوي."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "islam-and-judaism",
  "battles",
  "non-muslim-minorities-under-muslim-rule"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "tribe",
  "made": {
   "by_muslims": false,
   "basis": "documented",
   "sources": [
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  },
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "opponent",
    "toward": "group/early-muslims",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0627"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0627"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "In the sources' account, broke their neutrality during the siege of the Trench and treated with the confederates.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
     "source/watt-1956-medina"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "victim",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0627"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "Surrendered on the arbitration of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh; the tradition records some hundreds of men executed and the women and children taken captive.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
     "source/watt-1956-medina"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Sunni tradition narrates the affair as the judgment of treason in wartime: the tribe accepted arbitration by Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, who ruled by the law of their own scripture that the fighting men be killed and the families taken captive."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "academic",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Historians affirm the siege and the mass execution while debating the numbers, the degree of Qurayza's actual collusion, and how far later tradition shaped the account — a minority of scholars has questioned the event's scale altogether."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/watt-1956-medina"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sensitivity": "contested",
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
   "source/watt-1956-medina",
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "بنو قريظة — آخر يهود يثرب الكبار — أحكامهم بعد حصار [[event/battle-of-the-trench|الخندق]] أشدّ أحداث المدينة نزاعًا في الرواية والقراءة."
    },
    {
     "heading": "التاريخ",
     "markdown": "اتهمتهم المدينة بفتح القنوات للمشركين أيام حصار الخندق. حوصروا أيامًا فسلّموا على تحكيم [[person/sad-ibn-muadh|سعد بن معاذ]]، فحكم فيهم بقتل مقاتليهم وسبي ذراريهم — فأُعدم نحو ستمائة رجل ونهشوا بمعاولهم سوق المدينة {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nفي التراث السني حكم عدل على الخيانة — سعد نفسه قبيل منهم مريضًا، وحكمه «بحكم الله» أي شريعة موسى — وفي القراءة الأكاديمية نقطة تحوّل من المجتمع المتعدد إلى الدولة الأحادية {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley} {cite:watt-1956-medina}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "مذبحة قريظة — قضية المسلمين الأثقل ضدّ النقاد من قساوسة القرون الوسطى إلى كتّاب اليوم — تبقى الحدث الوحيد في سيرة النبي الذي يفضّل المدافعون والنقاد على السواء النظر فيه على حدة {cite:watt-1956-medina}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "group/banu-qurayza",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0627"
   }
  },
  {
   "to": "group/early-muslims",
   "type": "fought",
   "inverse": false,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0627"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0627"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-the-trench",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "accused-of-treating-with-the-besiegers",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/battle-of-uhud",
  "event/battle-of-the-trench",
  "group/early-muslims",
  "person/salman-al-farisi",
  "group/banu-nadir",
  "group/banu-qaynuqa",
  "place/medina",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}