{
 "id": "group/early-muslims",
 "class": "group",
 "slug": "early-muslims",
 "label": {
  "en": "The early Muslim community",
  "ar": "الجماعة المسلمة الأولى"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "The first generation of believers gathered around the Prophet in Mecca and Medina — the persecuted handful of the first decade that became the founding community of Islam.",
  "ar": "الجيل الأول من المؤمنين حول النبي في مكة والمدينة — القلة المستضعفة في العقد الأول التي صارت الجماعة المؤسسة للإسلام."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "converts-and-leavers",
  "refugees-migrants-diaspora",
  "battles"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 609.9994524185986,
  "latest": 610.9987884761176
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0610~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "From the first conversions after the opening revelations.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "community-organisation",
  "made": {
   "by_muslims": true,
   "basis": "documented",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "founded": {
   "edtf": "0610~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "From the first conversions after the opening revelations.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "victim",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0613~"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0622"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "The Meccan years: boycott, torture of the unprotected converts, and two migrations for safety.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "convert",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0610~"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "The community's own story-role: the converts who crossed over one household at a time.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "military-opponent",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0624"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0630"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "The community at war, from Badr to the conquest.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/watt-1956-medina"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "الجماعة المسلمة الأولى — من صحابة المستضعفين في مكة إلى مجتمع المدينة — هي النواة التي صار منها «المسلمون» أمّة ذات حدود وسيادة."
    },
    {
     "heading": "التاريخ",
     "markdown": "بُني الإجماع المبكر على السبق: السابقون الأولون في التراث السني أول مكّة ثم [[group/muhajirun|المهاجرون]] ثم [[group/ansar|الأنصار]]. في العقد المكي كانت الجماعة أقلية مضطهدة تعبد خفية، فرّ بعضها [[event/first-migration-to-abyssinia|إلى الحبشة]] واستُشهد منها أولها — [[person/sumayya-bint-khayyat|سمية]] وأسرتها {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nوفي المدينة صار للجماعة كيان سياسي: يدخل من يشاء بالإيمان والهجرة، وتنظّمه الصحيفة دستورًا مع القبائل المستقلّة، ويثبت في [[event/battle-of-badr|بدر]] و[[event/battle-of-uhud|أُحد]] و[[event/battle-of-the-trench|الخندق]] {cite:watt-1956-medina}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "مفهوم «الصحابة» نفسه — من رأى النبي مؤمنًا ومات عليه — نجمت عنه علوم الرجال كلّها، وجعل عدالته الجماعية مرتكز العقيدة الحديثية عند أهل السنة؛ أما المؤرخون فيقرؤونه مصطلحًا بنته الرواية اللاحقة ووظيفته الإسنادية {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "group/early-muslims",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 94,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abd-allah-ibn-rawaha",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-abi-bakr",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-masud",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-burayda-al-aslami",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-dharr-al-ghifari",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-hurayra",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-jahl",
   "type": "persecuted_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0614~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0622"
   },
   "note": "The sources attribute to him the torture and killing of weak converts, including Sumayya bint Khayyat.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-jahl",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0624"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0624"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0625"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0627"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-ubayda-ibn-al-jarrah",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-miqdad-ibn-amr",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/amir-ibn-fuhayra",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0625"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0629"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/asma-bint-abi-bakr",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/hamza",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ikrima-ibn-abi-jahl",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0624"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/jafar-ibn-abi-talib",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/kab-ibn-al-ashraf",
   "type": "opposed_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0624"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0624"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/khalid-ibn-al-walid",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0625"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0629"
   },
   "note": "As Meccan cavalry commander at Uhud and before Hudaybiyya.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/malik-ibn-awf",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muadh-ibn-amr-ibn-al-jamuh",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muawwidh-ibn-afra",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/musab-ibn-umayr",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/negus-of-aksum",
   "type": "protected_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0615"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0628~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/sad-ibn-muadh",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/salman-al-farisi",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/sumayya-bint-khayyat",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umm-ayman",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/zayd-ibn-haritha",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/zubayr-ibn-al-awwam",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-nadir",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0625"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0625"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-qaynuqa",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0624"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0624"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-qurayza",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0627"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0627"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0622"
   }
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0622"
   }
  },
  {
   "to": "event/first-migration-to-abyssinia",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hijra",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-badr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-uhud",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-the-trench",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/conquest-of-mecca",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/hawazin",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/jews-of-khaybar",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0628"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0628"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/quraysh",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0624"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0628"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/quraysh",
   "type": "persecuted_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0614~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0622"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/thaqif",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/muhammad",
  "place/mecca",
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "event/hijra",
  "group/quraysh",
  "place/medina",
  "event/battle-of-uhud",
  "event/conquest-of-mecca"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}