{
 "id": "group/hanbali-madhhab",
 "class": "group",
 "slug": "hanbali-madhhab",
 "label": {
  "ar": "المذهب الحنبلي",
  "en": "The Hanbali school (madhhab)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "أحد المذاهب الفقهية السنية الأربعة، يُنسب إلى الإمام أحمد بن حنبل، ويقوم على تقديم النص والأثر وفتاوى الصحابة، ثم حفظه وتدوينه تلاميذه من بعده وفي مقدمتهم الخلال والخرقي.",
  "en": "One of the four Sunni schools of law, named after Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal; it gives precedence to the revealed text, transmitted reports and the fatwas of the Companions, and was preserved and written down by his students after him, foremost among them al-Khallal and al-Kharaqi."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "levant-iraq",
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-early"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "sects-and-schools",
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "madhhab",
  "founder": "person/ahmad-ibn-hanbal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "المدخل إلى مذهب الإمام أحمد بن حنبل لابن بدران، تحقيق عبد الله التركي، مؤسسة الرسالة 1981 (الطبعة الثانية)",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claims table and entity data); qwen3:32b via Ollama (Arabic prose draft, reviewed by hand)",
   "run": "madkhal-batch-1"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/madkhal-ibn-badran-turki"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; from pp. 7-9, 123-127 of the book"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "برزت في القرن الثاني الهجري مذاهب فقهية كبرى، من أهمها المذاهب الأربعة: المالكي والشافعي والحنفي والحنبلي {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.7}. ومن أبرز مزايا مذهب الإمام أحمد اعتماده النص أولاً، ومتابعته للصحابة والتابعين، والبعد عن الإغراق في الرأي وافتراض المسائل التي لا تقع {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.9}. ولم ينتشر المذهب في التطبيق كغيره، لأن علماءه عزفوا عن القضاء وتولي المناصب، وانصرفوا إلى التدريس والتأليف {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.8}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "التدوين",
     "markdown": "يذكر ابن بدران أن الدولة السعودية في شبه جزيرة العرب تبنّت المذهب وحكمت به {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.9}. وكان أبو بكر الخلال قد جمع روايات الإمام أحمد، فأخذ عنه الأصحاب تدوين المذهب وتأليف كتب الفقه {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.125}. ومن أعلامه الذين يذكرهم الكتاب: الخرقي، وابن حامد، وأبو يعلى، وابن قدامة صاحب «المغني»، وأبو بكر الخلال {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.125}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "group/hanbali-madhhab",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the second hijri century the great schools of fiqh emerged, foremost the four madhhabs: Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanafi and Hanbali {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 7}. Among the Hanbali school's most notable features are its reliance on the text first, its following of the Companions and Tabi'in, and its distance from excessive opinion and positing cases that never occur {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 9}. The school did not spread in practice like the others, because its scholars shunned judgeship and office, turning to teaching and authorship {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 8}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Codification",
     "markdown": "Ibn Badran mentions that the Saudi state in the Arabian peninsula adopted the madhhab and ruled by it {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 9}. Abu Bakr al-Khallal had collected Imam Ahmad's accounts, and the companions took from him the school's codification and the authorship of fiqh books {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 125}. Among its notables the book names: al-Khiraqi, Ibn Hamid, Abu Ya'la, Ibn Qudama author of al-Mughni, and Abu Bakr al-Khallal {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 125}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "group/hanbali-madhhab",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "work/madkhal-ila-madhhab-ahmad",
  "concept/ahl-al-qibla",
  "concept/la-yanbaghi",
  "concept/riwayat-al-imam",
  "concept/taat-wulat-al-amr",
  "event/ghadir-khumm",
  "event/pen-and-paper-incident",
  "event/saqifa"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}