{
 "id": "group/jewish-tribes-of-hijaz",
 "class": "group",
 "slug": "jewish-tribes-of-hijaz",
 "label": {
  "ar": "القبائل اليهودية في الحجاز",
  "en": "The Jewish tribes of the Hijaz"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "القبائل اليهودية التي استقرت في يثرب وخيبر وتيماء بعد هجرتي اليهود من فلسطين (بعد بختنصر وبعد الرومان)، وأنشأت القرى والآطام والقلاع؛ المشهورة منها عند مجيء الإسلام خيبر والنضير والمصطلق وقريظة وقينقاع، وذكر السمهودي أن عددها يزيد على عشرين، في رواية الرحيق المختوم. وينقل السمهودي عن الشرقي أن يهود يثرب كانوا نيفاً وعشرين قبيلة، وعن ابن النجار أن آطامهم كانت تسعة وخمسين أطماً وللعرب النازلين عليهم قبل الأنصار ثلاثة عشر أطماً {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 177}.",
  "en": "The Jewish tribes that settled Yathrib, Khaybar and Tayma after the two Jewish migrations from Palestine (after Nebuchadnezzar and after the Romans) and built villages, forts and castles; those well known at the coming of Islam were Khaybar, al-Nadir, al-Mustaliq, Qurayza and Qaynuqa, and al-Samhudi counts more than twenty, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia",
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "non-muslim-minorities-under-muslim-rule",
  "refugees-migrants-diaspora"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "population",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص35–42 نقلاً عن مختصر سيرة الرسول لمحمد بن عبد الوهاب وصحيح البخاري وابن هشام وقلب جزيرة العرب ص151 وتفهيم القرآن 6/297–298 ووفاء الوفا ص116",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-3a"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/qalb-jazirat-al-arab",
   "source/wafa-al-wafa",
   "source/samhudi-wafa-al-wafa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-fable-5-1); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum p. 40"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "القبائل اليهودية التي استقرت في يثرب ([[place/medina|المدينة]]) و[[place/khaybar|خيبر]] و[[place/tayma|تيماء]] بعد هجرة اليهود من فلسطين، وأنشأت فيها القرى والآطام والقلاع {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40} {cite:qalb-jazirat-al-arab p.151}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الهجرتان",
     "markdown": "يذكر الرحيق المختوم دورين لليهود في الجزيرة: هجرة بعد تخريب [[person/bukhtanasar|بختنصر]] فلسطين سنة 587 ق.م إلى شمالي الحجاز، وهجرة بعد احتلال الرومان فلسطين سنة 70م حين رحلت قبائل عديدة إلى الحجاز {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40}. تفصيله في [[concept/judaism-in-arabia|اليهودية في جزيرة العرب]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "القبائل المشهورة",
     "markdown": "حين جاء الإسلام كانت القبائل اليهودية المشهورة هي [[group/jews-of-khaybar|خيبر]] و[[group/banu-nadir|النضير]] والمصطلق و[[group/banu-qurayza|قريظة]] و[[group/banu-qaynuqa|قينقاع]]، وذكر السمهودي في وفاء الوفا أن عدد القبائل اليهودية يزيد على عشرين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40} {cite:wafa-al-wafa p.116}. وصار لليهودية شأن يُذكر في الحوادث السياسية التي سبقت ظهور الإسلام والتي حدثت في صدره {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات للباحثين",
     "markdown": "«المصطلق» في قائمة الكتاب كما وردت؛ وبنو المصطلق عند أهل السير بطن من خزاعة، فالذكر يحتاج إلى مقابلة بطبعة أخرى من الكتاب."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "قبل الإسلام عاشت في المدينة وخيبر وتيماء قبائل يهودية كثيرة، أشهرها قريظة والنضير وقينقاع."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "group/jewish-tribes-of-hijaz",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The Jewish tribes who settled in Yathrib ([[place/medina|Medina]]), [[place/khaybar|Khaybar]] and [[place/tayma|Tayma]] after the Jews migrated from Palestine, and who built villages, fortified houses and castles there. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40} {cite:qalb-jazirat-al-arab p.151}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The two migrations",
     "markdown": "The Sealed Nectar gives two phases of Jewish presence in the peninsula: a migration after [[person/bukhtanasar|Bukhtanasar]] ruined Palestine in 587 BCE to the north of the Hijaz, and a migration after the Romans occupied Palestine in 70 CE, when many tribes moved to the Hijaz. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40} The details are in [[concept/judaism-in-arabia|Judaism in the Arabian Peninsula]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The well-known tribes",
     "markdown": "When Islam came, the best-known Jewish tribes were [[group/jews-of-khaybar|Khaybar]], [[group/banu-nadir|al-Nadir]], al-Mustaliq, [[group/banu-qurayza|Qurayza]] and [[group/banu-qaynuqa|Qaynuqa]]. Al-Samhudi in Wafa al-Wafa says that the number of Jewish tribes exceeds twenty. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40} {cite:wafa-al-wafa p.116} Judaism also had a part in the political events that preceded the rise of Islam and occurred in its early days. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes for researchers",
     "markdown": "\"Al-Mustaliq\" appears in the book's list as it is written. The people of the biography tradition count Banu al-Mustaliq as a branch of Khuza'a, so the mention needs to be checked against another edition of the book."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Before Islam many Jewish tribes lived in Medina, Khaybar and Tayma. The best known were Qurayza, al-Nadir and Qaynuqa."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "group/jewish-tribes-of-hijaz",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/qalb-jazirat-al-arab"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/khaybar",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/qalb-jazirat-al-arab"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/tayma",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/qalb-jazirat-al-arab"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "concept/judaism-in-arabia",
  "group/banu-nadir",
  "group/banu-haritha-al-aws",
  "event/brotherhood-of-muhajirun-and-ansar",
  "event/constitution-of-medina",
  "event/delegation-of-najran",
  "event/hijra",
  "event/return-of-abyssinian-emigrants"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}