{
 "id": "group/mothers-of-the-believers",
 "class": "group",
 "slug": "mothers-of-the-believers",
 "label": {
  "en": "Mothers of the Believers",
  "ar": "أمهات المؤمنين"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "لقب قرآني لأزواج النبي من قوله تعالى: وأزواجه أمهاتهم؛ عقد النبي على ثلاث عشرة امرأة، بنى بإحدى عشرة منهن وتوفي عن تسع، وكان لهن فضل كبير في نقل أحواله المنزلية وأحكام الشريعة إلى نساء الأمة.",
  "en": "The Qur'anic title of the Prophet's wives ('his wives are their mothers', al-Ahzab 6): he contracted thirteen women, consummated marriage with eleven and died leaving nine; they played a great role in transmitting his domestic life and the rulings of the sharia to the women of the umma."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "women",
  "family-marriage-kinship"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "family",
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "family-of-the-prophet",
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
     "source/tanzil-quran"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم، البيت النبوي، ص 473-478",
   "generated_by": "Devin",
   "model": "SWE-2 High",
   "run": "raheeq-batch-24"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/tanzil-quran"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); mined from al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 473-478"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "لقب قرآني لأزواج النبي من قوله تعالى «وأزواجه أمهاتهم»؛ عقد على ثلاث عشرة امرأة فبنى بإحدى عشرة منهن وتوفي عن تسع {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص473، 475}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "خبرهن",
     "markdown": "تزوج النبي ب[[person/khadija|خديجة بنت خويلد]] وهو في الخامسة والعشرين وهي في الأربعين، أول من تزوج من النساء، ولم يتزوج عليها غيرها، وكان له منها أبناء وبنات {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص473}. وكان النبي ممتازاً عن أمته بحل التزوج بأكثر من أربع زوجات لأغراض كثيرة، فكان عدد من عقد عليهن ثلاث عشرة امرأة، منهن تسع مات عنهن، واثنتان توفيتا في حياته هما خديجة وزينب بنت خزيمة أم المساكين، واثنتان لم يدخل بهما {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص473، 475}. فأما الإحدى عشرة فهن: خديجة، و[[person/sawda-bint-zama|سودة بنت زمعة]] في شوال سنة عشر من النبوة، و[[person/aisha|عائشة بنت أبي بكر]] في شوال سنة إحدى عشرة، و[[person/hafsa|حفصة بنت عمر]] سنة 3هـ، و[[person/zaynab-bint-khuzayma|زينب بنت خزيمة]] أم المساكين سنة 4هـ وماتت بعد الزواج بشهرين أو ثلاثة، و[[person/umm-salama|أم سلمة هند بنت أبي أمية]] في شوال سنة 4هـ، و[[person/zaynab-bint-jahsh|زينب بنت جحش]] في ذي القعدة سنة 5هـ، و[[person/juwayriya-bint-al-harith|جويرية بنت الحارث]] في شعبان سنة 6هـ، و[[person/umm-habiba-bint-abi-sufyan|أم حبيبة رملة بنت أبي سفيان]] في المحرم سنة 7هـ، و[[person/safiyya-bint-huyayy|صفية بنت حي بن أخطب]] بعد فتح خيبر سنة 7هـ، و[[person/maymuna-bint-al-harith|ميمونة بنت الحارث]] في ذي القعدة سنة 7هـ في عمرة القضاء {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص473-475}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "أغراض التزوج عند المؤلف",
     "markdown": "يبيّن المباركفوري أن هذا العدد لم يكن لبغتة شبق؛ فقد قضى النبي نحو ثلاثين عاماً من ريعان شبابه مقتصراً على زوجة واحدة، بل كانت أغراضه مصاهرة أبي بكر وعمر وعلي وعثمان، وكسر عداء القبائل للإسلام كما كان مع مخزوم وبني المصطلق وبني النضير، وتزكية نساء الأمة وتثقيفهن ليحملن التبليغ إلى النساء حيث لا يختلط الرجال بهن، ونقض قاعدة التبني الجاهلية بزواج زينب بنت جحش {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص475-477}. وكان لهن فضل كبير في نقل أحواله المنزلية للناس، خصوصاً من طالت حياته منهن كعائشة فإنها روت كثيراً من أفعاله وأقواله {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص476}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "سمّى القرآن أزواج النبي «أمهات المؤمنين»، وكنّ إحدى عشرة سيدة، نقلن للناس أخبار بيت النبي وتعاليمه في أدق تفاصيل الحياة اليومية."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "group/mothers-of-the-believers",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "A Qur'anic title for the Prophet's wives, from His word \"and his wives are their mothers\"; he contracted thirteen women, consummated with eleven of them, and died leaving nine {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp. 473, 475}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Their story",
     "markdown": "The Prophet married [[person/khadija|Khadija bint Khuwaylid]] when he was twenty-five and she forty — the first woman he married; he took no other wife while she lived, and had sons and daughters by her {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 473}. The Prophet was distinguished from his umma by the licence to marry more than four wives for many purposes; the women he contracted numbered thirteen — he died leaving nine of them, two died in his lifetime (Khadija and Zaynab bint Khuzayma, Mother of the Poor), and two he did not consummate with {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp. 473, 475}. The eleven are: Khadija; [[person/sawda-bint-zama|Sawda bint Zam'a]] in Shawwal of year ten of the prophethood; [[person/aisha|A'isha bint Abi Bakr]] in Shawwal of year eleven; [[person/hafsa|Hafsa bint Umar]] in 3 AH; [[person/zaynab-bint-khuzayma|Zaynab bint Khuzayma]], Mother of the Poor, in 4 AH — who died two or three months after the marriage; [[person/umm-salama|Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya]] in Shawwal 4 AH; [[person/zaynab-bint-jahsh|Zaynab bint Jahsh]] in Dhu al-Qa'da 5 AH; [[person/juwayriya-bint-al-harith|Juwayriyya bint al-Harith]] in Sha'ban 6 AH; [[person/umm-habiba-bint-abi-sufyan|Umm Habiba Ramla bint Abi Sufyan]] in al-Muharram 7 AH; [[person/safiyya-bint-huyayy|Safiyya bint Huyayy ibn Akhtab]] after Khaybar's conquest in 7 AH; and [[person/maymuna-bint-al-harith|Maymuna bint al-Harith]] in Dhu al-Qa'da 7 AH during the umra of consummation {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp. 473-475}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The author's view of the marriages' purposes",
     "markdown": "Al-Mubarakpuri explains this number was not from lust: the Prophet spent some thirty years of his youth's prime confined to one wife; the purposes were kin-by-marriage to Abu Bakr, Umar, Ali and Uthman; breaking the tribes' enmity to Islam, as with Makhzum, Banu al-Mustaliq and Banu al-Nadir; educating the umma's women so they would carry the call to women where men do not mix with them; and breaking the Jahili rule of adoption by the marriage to Zaynab bint Jahsh {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp. 475-477}. They did great service transmitting his home life to people — especially the longest-lived of them like A'isha, who related much of his deeds and words {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 476}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "The Qur'an called the Prophet's wives \"Mothers of the Believers\"; they were eleven ladies who transmitted the Prophet's household news and teachings in the finest details of daily life."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "group/mothers-of-the-believers",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 22,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/juwayriya-bint-al-harith",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/tanzil-quran",
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/maymuna-bint-al-harith",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/tanzil-quran",
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umm-habiba-bint-abi-sufyan",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/tanzil-quran",
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/zaynab-bint-jahsh",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/tanzil-quran",
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/zaynab-bint-khuzayma",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/tanzil-quran",
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/khadija",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/sawda-bint-zama",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/aisha",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/hafsa",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umm-salama",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/safiyya-bint-huyayy",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/muhammad",
  "group/ahl-al-bayt",
  "place/mecca",
  "event/hijra",
  "place/medina",
  "event/return-of-abyssinian-emigrants",
  "group/quraysh",
  "event/farewell-pilgrimage"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}