{
 "id": "group/quraysh",
 "class": "group",
 "slug": "quraysh",
 "label": {
  "en": "Quraysh",
  "ar": "قريش"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "The tribe that held Mecca and the custodianship of the Kaaba — the Prophet's own people, its elite his fiercest opponents for a decade, then, after 630, the core of the new community's leadership.",
  "ar": "القبيلة التي ملكت مكة وولاية الكعبة — قوم النبي نفسه، وكانت نخبته أشد خصومه عقدًا، ثم صارت بعد سنة 630م صلب قيادة الجماعة الجديدة."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia",
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "battles",
  "trade-and-finance",
  "conquest-and-its-debates"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "tribe",
  "made": {
   "by_muslims": false,
   "basis": "documented",
   "sources": [
    "source/watt-1953-mecca"
   ]
  },
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "opponent",
    "toward": "person/muhammad",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0613~"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0630"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "The tribe's leadership drove the opposition through the Meccan period and the first Medinan wars; the tribe itself also held the Prophet's earliest followers.",
    "sources": [
     "source/watt-1953-mecca",
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "persecutor",
    "toward": "group/early-muslims",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0614~"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0622"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "Clan-by-clan persecution of vulnerable converts in Mecca, including the boycott of Banu Hashim.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "convert",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0630"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "Quraysh as a body submitted at the conquest of Mecca.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "labelled": [
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Quraysh — 'the tribe' par excellence in the sources",
     "ar": "قريش"
    },
    "by": "the Islamic sources",
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
   "source/watt-1953-mecca",
   "source/watt-1956-medina"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "قريش قبيلة مكة في زمن بعثة [[person/muhammad|محمد]] — حرّاس الكعبة وأصحاب تجارتها — كانت قيادتها أشد خصوم الدعوة في سنيها الأولى ثم صارت، بعد الفتح، صنوًا للدولة الجديدة."
    },
    {
     "heading": "التاريخ",
     "markdown": "تنسب قريش نفسها إلى النضر بن كنانة، وتتفرع إلى بطون — هاشم وأمية ومخزوم وزهرة وغيرها — يقاسمها شرف ولاية البيت وسقاية الحاج {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}. وقد حفظت لها السيرة صورة الطبقة التي احتكرت القرار المكي، فعارضت زعاماتها — كأبي جهل وأبي لهب — دعوة ابن عشيرتها محمدًا، وقاطعت [[group/banu-hashim|بني هاشم]] في الشعب ثلاث سنين {cite:watt-1953-mecca}.\n\nوبعد معارك [[event/battle-of-badr|بدر]] و[[event/battle-of-uhud|أُحد]] و[[event/battle-of-the-trench|الخندق]] وعُقدة [[event/treaty-of-hudaybiyya|الحديبية]]، دخلت مكة بغير قتال يذكر سنة 630م، وأسلمت قياداتها — من [[person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb|أبي سفيان]] إلى [[person/ikrima-ibn-abi-jahl|عكرمة بن أبي جهل]] — فتبدّلت العلاقة: صارت قريش عمود الجيش والإدارة في العهدين الراشدي والأموي {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "«الخلافة في قريش» — مقولة نقلها التراث عن سياق [[event/saqifa|السقيفة]] — كرّست مركزية القبيلة في الخيال السياسي الإسلامي، ويرى المؤرخون من خارج التراث فيها شرعنة لاحقة لتفوق اجتماعي قائم أصلًا {cite:watt-1956-medina}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "group/quraysh",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 114,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abd-al-muttalib",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-abbas",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-abi-rabia",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-judan",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-khatal",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-sad-ibn-abi-sarh",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-jahl",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-lahab",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-quhafa",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-salama",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-al-harith",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-ubayda-ibn-al-jarrah",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-arqam-ibn-abi-al-arqam",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-as-ibn-wail",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-huwayrith-ibn-nuqayd",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-nadr-ibn-al-harith",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-walid-ibn-al-mughira",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/amina-bint-wahb",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/fatima-bint-al-khattab",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/harb-ibn-umayya",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/khadija",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/khalid-ibn-al-walid",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/kurz-ibn-jabir-al-fihri",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/miqyas-ibn-subaba",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/musab-ibn-umayr",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/mutim-ibn-adi",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/nafisa-bint-munya",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/saad-ibn-abi-waqqas",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/safwan-ibn-umayya",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/said-ibn-zayd",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/sara-al-mawla",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "مولاة بني عبد المطلب من قريش.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/suhayl-ibn-amr",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/talha-ibn-ubaydullah",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umayya-ibn-khalaf",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umm-salama",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/uqba-ibn-abi-muayt",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/utba-ibn-rabia",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/uthman-ibn-affan",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/uthman-ibn-mazun",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/waraqa-ibn-nawfal",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/zayd-ibn-amr",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/zubayr-ibn-al-awwam",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-bakr",
   "type": "allied_with",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0628"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0630"
   },
   "note": "دخولها في عقد قريش وعهدهم بمقتضى شرط الحديبية.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-hashim",
   "type": "has_member",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/early-muslims",
   "type": "fought",
   "inverse": false,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0624"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0628"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/early-muslims",
   "type": "persecuted",
   "inverse": false,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0614~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0622"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-badr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "defeated-party",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-uhud",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "attacking-party",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/conquest-of-mecca",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "submitted",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/safa-proclamation",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "اجتمعوا إليه بنداء يا صباحاه"
  },
  {
   "to": "event/sajdat-al-najm",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "سجدوا جميعاً عند خواتيم السورة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/walid-council",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "جلسوا بسبل الناس يحذرون الحجاج",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "place/mecca",
  "person/muhammad",
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "event/al-dawa-al-sirriyya",
  "group/early-muslims",
  "event/battle-of-uhud",
  "event/hijra",
  "person/abu-bakr"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}