{ "generated": "2026-11-12T14:24:33-05:00", "feature": "madhahib-browser", "items": [ { "id": "concept/al-maslaha-al-mursala", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "المصلحة المرسلة ⁦(الاستصلاح)⁩", "en": "Unattested interest (al-maslaha al-mursala, istislah)", "ur": "مصلحتِ مرسلہ ⁦(استصلاح)⁩" }, "summary": { "ar": "المصلحة التي لم يشهد لها من الشرع نص معين بالاعتبار ولا بالإلغاء. يجعل الغزالي في «المستصفى» الاستصلاح رابع «الأصول الموهومة»، ويقسم المصلحة بحسب شهادة الشرع إلى معتبرة ⁦(ترجع إلى القياس)⁩، وملغاة ⁦(باطلة)⁩، ومرسلة هي محل النظر؛ ويعرّف المصلحة بأنها المحافظة على مقصود الشرع في حفظ الدين والنفس والعقل والنسل والمال، ويجيز الأخذ بالمرسلة الواقعة في رتبة الضرورات إذا كانت ضرورية قطعية كلية، ويقرر أنها ليست أصلاً خامساً بل راجعة إلى الكتاب والسنة والإجماع {cite:mustasfa-tijariyya-1356-v1 p. 143} {cite:mustasfa-tijariyya-1356-v1 p. 144} {cite:mustasfa-tijariyya-1356-v1 p. 145} {cite:mustasfa-tijariyya-1356-v1 p. 147} {cite:mustasfa-tijariyya-1356-v1 p. 148}.", "en": "An interest for which no specific text of the law testifies either for or against. In al-Mustasfa al-Ghazali makes istislah the fourth of the 'supposed sources', dividing interests by the law's testimony into those it confirms (which reduce to analogy), those it cancels (void), and unattested ones, which are open to reasoning; he defines interest as preserving the law's purpose in protecting religion, life, intellect, progeny and property, allows acting on an unattested interest at the level of necessities when it is necessary, certain and universal, and holds that it is not a fifth source but returns to the Book, the sunna and consensus.", "ur": "وہ مصلحت جس کے اعتبار یا الغا کی شریعت میں کوئی معین نص گواہی نہ دے۔ غزالی «المستصفیٰ» میں استصلاح کو چوتھا «اصلِ موہوم» بناتے ہیں، اور مصلحت کو شریعت کی گواہی کے اعتبار سے تین قسموں میں بانٹتے ہیں: معتبر ⁦(جو قیاس کی طرف لوٹتی ہے)⁩، ملغیٰ ⁦(باطل)⁩، اور مرسل جو محلِ نظر ہے؛ وہ مصلحت کی تعریف یوں کرتے ہیں: دین، جان، عقل، نسل اور مال کی حفاظت میں شریعت کے مقصود کی حفاظت؛ ضروریات کے مرتبے کی مرسل مصلحت پر عمل کو جائز کہتے ہیں جب وہ ضروری، قطعی اور کلی ہو، اور کہتے ہیں کہ یہ پانچواں اصل نہیں بلکہ کتاب، سنت اور اجماع کی طرف لوٹتی ہے۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "published", "kind": "legal", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "ruled_on_by", "to": "work/al-mustasfa", "inverse": true }, { "type": "part_of", "to": "concept/maqasid-al-shariah", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/al-taqlid", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "التقليد وذم الجمود على الموروث", "en": "Taqlid (blind imitation of inherited views)" }, "summary": { "ar": "ينكر الشيخ شلتوت التقليد، أي توارث العقائد والآراء عن الآباء والأجداد دون نظر واستدلال، ويذكر أن القرآن ذمه في آيات كثيرة {cite:azhar-quran-building-society-shaltut p. 57}. ويرى أن الجمود على آراء المتقدمين لمجرد أنهم متقدمون يصادم قانون النمو الفكري كما يصادم نمو الكائنات، ويسلب الإنسان مزية التمييز بين الحق والباطل {cite:azhar-quran-building-society-shaltut p. 58}{cite:azhar-quran-building-society-shaltut p. 59}. ويعد هذا الجمود جناية على الفطرة البشرية وإهداراً لحجة الله على عباده {cite:azhar-quran-building-society-shaltut p. 59}. ويعزو المؤلف ما أصاب المسلمين من تفرق وخرافة إلى أن حمى التقليد تولدت في أدمغتهم بعد أن كانوا ينظرون ويبحثون ويطلبون البرهان {cite:azhar-quran-building-society-shaltut p. 60}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [ "global" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "doctrine", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "related_to", "to": "concept/reason-and-knowledge-in-islam", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/al-taqlid-al-aama", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "التقليد الأعمى", "en": "Blind imitation (taqlid)" }, "summary": { "ar": "ينقل محمد فريد وجدي عن علماء الإسلام، دون أن يسميهم، أن إيمان المقلد غير مقبول، لأن التقليد قد يكون في الباطل كما يكون في الحق؛ ويرى أن الإسلام دعا كل مكلف إلى إعمال عقله في الاستدلال والاستنتاج حماية له من الجمود الذي يستغله أصحاب الأهواء {cite:muhimmat-al-islam-azhar p. 34} {cite:muhimmat-al-islam-azhar p. 35}. يُنسب هذا النقل إلى المؤلف.", "en": "Wajdi reports, without naming them, that scholars of Islam held the faith of a mere imitator unacceptable, because imitation can be of falsehood as well as truth. He reads Islam as calling each responsible person to use reason in inference and deduction, as protection against the rigidity that the ill-intentioned exploit {cite:muhimmat-al-islam-azhar p. 34} {cite:muhimmat-al-islam-azhar p. 35}. The statement is attributed to the author's report." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [ "global" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "term", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/dalil-usul", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "الدليل ⁦(في أصول الفقه)⁩", "en": "Dalil (evidence in the principles of jurisprudence)", "ur": "دلیل ⁦(اصولِ فقہ میں)⁩" }, "summary": { "ar": "الدليل في اللغة المرشد والكاشف، وفي الاصطلاح ما يُتوصل بصحيح النظر فيه إلى العلم بمطلوب خبري ولو ظنا. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8230} الأدلة المتفق عليها في إثبات الأحكام أربعة هي الكتاب والسنة والإجماع والقياس، والمختلف فيها كثيرة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8231} وتنقسم الأدلة السمعية من حيث الثبوت والدلالة إلى أربعة أقسام، ويرتب الحنفية على ذلك ثبوت الفرض والواجب والمستحب بقدر قوة الدليل. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8232}", "en": "In lexicon a dalil is a guide or a revealer; as a term it is what, through sound reasoning, leads to knowledge of a factual aim, even if only probable, though some restrict it to the certain. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8230} The four sources agreed for establishing rulings are the Qur'an, the Sunna, consensus and analogy; the disputed sources are many. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8231} Scriptural evidence divides into four classes by certainty of transmission and of meaning, and the Hanafi jurists tie the strength of a ruling to the strength of its evidence. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8232}", "ur": "لغت میں دلیل رہنما اور ظاہر کرنے والی چیز ہے، اصطلاح میں وہ چیز جس کے صحیح غور و فکر سے کسی خبری مطلوب کا علم حاصل ہو، خواہ وہ گمان ہی کیوں نہ ہو۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8230} احکام ثابت کرنے کے متفق علیہ دلائل چار ہیں: کتاب، سنت، اجماع اور قیاس۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8231}" }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [ "global" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "doctrine", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "has_part", "to": "concept/istihsan", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/ijma", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "إجماع", "en": "Consensus (ijma')" }, "summary": { "ar": "الإجماع في اللغة العزم، وقد يراد به الاتفاق، وعند الأصوليين اتفاق جميع المجتهدين من أمة محمد بعد عصره على أمر شرعي. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1697} وهو حجة قطعية على الصحيح إذا اتفق المعتبرون على أنه إجماع، ولا يحتج به في ما يتوقف عليه حجيته كوجود الله ورسالة النبي. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}", "en": "In the lexicon ijma' means resolve, and sometimes agreement. For the usulis it is the agreement of all the mujtahids of the community after the Prophet's time on a matter of law. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1697} It is a definitive proof when the recognised scholars agree that it is a consensus; it is not used to prove what its own validity depends on, such as God's existence or the Prophet's mission. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}" }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [ "global" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "legal", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/aadau-al-islam", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/fatwa-aliftaa-jo-selling-olive-harvests-years-in-advance", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/irshad-al-fuhul", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/ijtihad", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "الاجتهاد", "en": "Ijtihad (independent juristic reasoning)" }, "summary": { "ar": "بذل الفقيه وسعه واستفراغ جهده في استنباط الحكم الشرعي من الأدلة الشرعية {cite:nashat-al-fiqh-al-ijtihadi-azhar p. 11}. ويرى السايس أنه بدأ في عصر التنزيل، وأن غايته كشف حكم الله في الواقعة لا إنشاء التشريع، فهو ملزم للمجتهد ومن قلده، ومقيد بالقواعد الكلية للشريعة {cite:nashat-al-fiqh-al-ijtihadi-azhar p. 24, 26}. وتتعدد طرقه: أخذ الحكم من ظواهر النصوص، أو من معقولها بالقياس، أو بتنزيل الوقائع على القواعد العامة كالاستحسان والمصالح المرسلة وسد الذرائع {cite:nashat-al-fiqh-al-ijtihadi-azhar p. 11-12}.", "en": "Ijtihad: the jurist's exertion of effort to derive a ruling from the revealed sources. Al-Sayis's view is that it discloses God's ruling rather than legislating, and binds only the mujtahid and those who follow him." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "term", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/fatwa-iifa-262-sharia-governance-in-islamic-finance", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/fatwa-islamqa-asking-artificial-intelligence-for-fatwas", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/irshad-al-fuhul", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "concept/aqsam-al-muftin", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "concept/taswib-al-mujtahidin", "inverse": true }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "concept/usul-al-tarbiya-al-thamaniya", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/ikhtilaf", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "اختلاف", "en": "Ikhtilaf (disagreement among jurists and its kinds)" }, "summary": { "ar": "الاختلاف في الأمور الاجتهادية: الخلاف الحقيقي هو التضاد، أما اختلاف العبارة والتنوع فيرجعان إلى الوفاق. وأنواعه في الدين أربعة بحسب ثبوت الأصل بالقطع؛ والاختلاف في الفروع الاجتهادية واقع ويُعذر فيه المخالف، وقد وقع في عهد الصحابة، وجمعه الشاطبي إلى الوفاق في قصد الشارع، وقال بعض العلماء إنه رحمة للأمة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1940} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1941} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1942} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1943} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1944}. وفي أسباب الاختلاف: منه ما يرجع إلى هوى ⁦(مذموم)⁩ ومنه ما يرجع إلى اجتهاد مأذون فيه، وأسبابه في الدليل ⁦(الإجمال، والعموم والخصوص، والنسخ، واختلاف الرواية)⁩ وفي القواعد الأصولية؛ وفي الإنكار والمراعاة: لا ينكر المختلف فيه إلا في صور، ويُستحب الخروج من الخلاف بشروط. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1945} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1946} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1947}. وفي العمل بالخلاف: المقلد لا يتخير عند المحققين بل يرجح، والقاضي يحكم بالراجح عنده، وحكم القاضي في الواقعة يرفع الخلاف فيها، ولا ينقض الاجتهاد بمثله، وتصرف الإمام يرفع الخلاف في الماضي، والصلاة خلف المخالف جائزة، وتختلف الأدلة بالجمع أو الترجيح أو النسخ. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1948} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1949} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1950} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1951} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1952}.", "en": "Ikhtilaf (disagreement): true disagreement is contrariety; differences of expression and variety go back to agreement. Disagreement in religion has four kinds according to whether the principle is proved by decisive evidence; disagreement in ijtihad matters occurs and the dissenter is excused; it occurred in the time of the Companions; al-Shatibi reduced it to agreement in seeking the Lawgiver's purpose, and some scholars held it a mercy to the community. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1940} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1941} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1942} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1943} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1944}. On the causes of disagreement: some come from desire (blameworthy) and some from permitted ijtihad, with causes in the evidence (ambiguity, generality, abrogation, variant reports) and in the usuli rules; on denunciation and taking account: the disputed is not denounced except in cases, and leaving disagreement is recommended under conditions. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1945} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1946} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1947}. In acting on disagreement: the layman does not choose at will but takes the preponderant view; the judge rules by the view preponderant to him; a judgement ends the dispute for its case and ijtihad is not annulled by its like; the imam's act ends the dispute for the past; prayer behind a dissenter is lawful; and conflicting evidence is reconciled, preferred, or the later taken as abrogating. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1948} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1949} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1950} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1951} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1952}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [ "global" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "legal", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-dinu-al-qayem", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mujtahid", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/bustan-el-amal", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/sharh-al-hekam-al-ataeya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/istihsan", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "الاستحسان", "en": "Istihsan (juristic preference)", "ur": "استحسان" }, "summary": { "ar": "الاستحسان في أصول الفقه مسألة مختلف في حقيقتها: قيل هو دليل ينقدح في نفس المجتهد ويعسر عليه التعبير عنه، وقيل العدول عن قياس إلى قياس أقوى، وقيل تخصيص قياس بأقوى منه؛ يحكي الشوكاني نسبته إلى الحنفية والحنابلة وإنكار الجمهور له، ويرده ابن حزم الظاهري ويراه اتباعاً للهوى. {cite:irshad-al-fuhul-dar-al-fikr p.242} {cite:muhalla-dar-ibn-hazm-2016-v1 p.454}", "en": "Istihsan in legal theory is disputed in its very definition: an argument that arises in the jurist's mind but is hard to express; departing from one analogy to a stronger one; or restricting an analogy by something stronger. Al-Shawkani reports it attributed to the Hanafis and Hanbalis and rejected by the majority; the Zahiri Ibn Hazm rejects it as following one's desire.", "ur": "اصولِ فقہ میں استحسان کی حقیقت ہی میں اختلاف ہے: کہا گیا کہ یہ مجتہد کے دل میں ابھرنے والی دلیل ہے جسے بیان کرنا مشکل ہو، یا ایک قیاس سے زیادہ قوی قیاس کی طرف عدول، یا کسی قیاس کی زیادہ قوی دلیل سے تخصیص؛ شوکانی اس کی نسبت حنفیہ اور حنابلہ کی طرف اور جمہور کا انکار نقل کرتے ہیں، اور ظاہری ابن حزم اسے خواہش کی پیروی کہہ کر رد کرتے ہیں۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "published", "kind": "legal", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "part_of", "to": "concept/dalil-usul", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/madhhab", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "المذهب", "en": "The madhhab", "ur": "مذہب" }, "summary": { "ar": "المذهب في الاصطلاح الفقهي طريقة الاجتهاد والاستنباط المنتسبة إلى إمام وأصحابه، يذكر الفقهاء فيها «المذاهب الأربعة»: الحنفية والمالكية والشافعية والحنابلة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3}.", "en": "The madhhab in juristic usage is the method of ijtihad and legal inference traced to an imam and his school; the jurists speak of the 'four madhhabs' — Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q209928", "status": "draft", "kind": "legal", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mawsua-al-fiqhiyya-al-kuwaitiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mawsua-al-fiqhiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mustasfa", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-muwafaqat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mujtahid", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/fatawa-aimmat-al-muslimin-subki", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/likaa-al-iman", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/madkhal-al-shari-al-sharif-ala-al-madhahib", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/mujtahid", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "المجتهد", "en": "Mujtahid", "ur": "مجتہد" }, "summary": { "ar": "المجتهد من يبلغ رتبة استنباط الأحكام من أدلتها؛ تعرض الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية طور الاجتهاد وطبقات المجتهدين والفقهاء {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3}.", "en": "The mujtahid is one who reaches the rank of deriving rulings from their proofs; the Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia presents the age of ijtihad and the ranks of mujtahids and jurists {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q673566", "status": "draft", "kind": "legal", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/qiyas", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "القياس", "en": "Qiyas", "ur": "قیاس" }, "summary": { "ar": "القياس في الاصطلاح الأصولي إلحاق فرع بأصل في حكمه لعلة جامعة؛ يعده الشافعي في الرسالة من أدلة الخبر مع الكتاب والسنة والإجماع {cite:risala-shafii}. ويصنف الغزالي في المستصفى القياس أربعة أنواع مرتبة: المؤثر وهو ما ظهر تأثير علته بنص أو إجماع أو سبر حاصر، ثم المناسب، ثم الشبه، وأدناها الطرد؛ وأعلى مراتب المؤثر ما كان في معنى الأصل فينبغي أن يقر به حتى منكر القياس، وأدنى الأقيسة الطرد فينبغي أن ينكره كل قائل بالقياس. {cite:mustasfa p.654-657} ويجعل أركان القياس أربعة: الأصل والفرع والعلة والحكم، ويشترط في الأصل ثمانية شروط أهمها ثبوت حكمه وتثبته الطريق السمعي الشرعي وكونه أصلاً لا فرعاً لأصل آخر. {cite:mustasfa p.669-672}", "en": "Qiyas in usul usage is extending a root case's ruling to a branch case for a shared cause; al-Shafi'i counts it in the Risala among the proofs alongside the Book, the Sunna and ijma' {cite:risala-shafii}. Al-Ghazali's Mustasfa ranks four kinds of qiyas: the effective (mu'aththir), whose cause's effect appears by text, consensus or exhaustive inquiry; then the suitable (munasib); then the resembling (shibh); and lowest the mere parallel (tard) — whose highest degree, «in the meaning of the root», even a denier of qiyas should accept, while the mere parallel is what every proponent of qiyas should reject. {cite:mustasfa p.654-657} He makes qiyas rest on four pillars — root, branch, cause and ruling — and sets eight conditions on the root, chief among them that its ruling be established and established by a revealed pathway, and that it be a root and not itself a branch of another root. {cite:mustasfa p.669-672}" }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q786184", "status": "draft", "kind": "legal", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mujtahid", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/irshad-al-fuhul", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/ray-fiqh", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "الريع", "en": "Ray': agricultural yield, rental proceeds, and waqf revenue in Islamic jurisprudence", "ur": "ریع ⁦(پیداوار، کرایہ اور وقف کی آمدنی کے فقہی احکام)⁩" }, "summary": { "ar": "الريع لغة النماء والزيادة والمرتفع من الأرض، وفي الاصطلاح ما تخرجه الأرض من زرع أو الشجر من ثمر أو حاصل كراء العقار والمستغلات، وهو يباين الربح الناشئ عن البيع والتجارة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9052} يصح إيراد العقود على الريع كالوقف والوصية والمساقاة والمزارعة، واختلف الفقهاء في اشتراط الواقف الريع لنفسه فأجازه الحنفية والحنابلة في رواية، ومنعه المالكية والشافعية لئلا يعود الوقف إلى منفعة الواقف. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9053} تصرف غلة الوقف بحسب شروط الواقف المعتبرة، وتقدم عمارة الأصل الموقوف وترميمه على توزيع الريع صيانة للمال عن الاندثار. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9054} وتجوز الوصية بريع الدار أو الأرض مؤبدة أو مؤقتة فتكون الرقبة للورثة والمنفعة للموصى له، كما تصح المساقاة بحصة شائعة من ثمار الشجر. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9055} تجوز المزارعة بجزء شائع من خارج الأرض عند جمهور الصحابة والفقهاء، ويضمن غاصب العقار ريعه وأجر مثله عند المالكية والشافعية والحنابلة في المعتمد. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9056} تجب زكاة الزروع والثمار في ريع الأرض كما نص في سورة البقرة: 267 وسورة الأنعام: 141، وسبب الفرضية نماء الأرض بالخارج حقيقة فلا عشر في الحطب والحشيش النابت بلا قصد الاستغلال. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9057}", "en": "Ray' lexically denotes growth, increase, and elevated ground, and in Islamic jurisprudence it signifies the agricultural produce of land, the fruits of trees, or the rental revenues derived from real estate and leased assets, in contrast to profit (ribh) generated through commerce. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9052} Legal transactions such as endowments (waqf), bequests (wasiyya), sharecropping (muzara'a), and agricultural irrigation partnerships (musaqat) may be established upon future yield, and scholars disagreed over whether an endower may stipulate the waqf's proceeds for himself: the Hanafis and Hanbalis permit it, whereas the Malikis and Shafi'is disallow it. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9053} Revenues of an endowment are distributed in accordance with the founder's stipulations, though maintenance and upkeep of the underlying property take precedence over distributing income so that the physical asset is preserved. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9054} Bequeathing the perpetual or temporary usufruct and proceeds of an estate is valid, granting ownership of the property to heirs while granting income to the legatee, and irrigation partnerships for a proportional share of fruit are valid. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9055} Sharecropping for an undivided percentage of agricultural output is permissible according to the majority of Companions and jurists, and an unlawful usurper of real property is liable for fair rental yield according to the Malikis, Shafi'is, and Hanbalis. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9056} Zakat on agricultural produce and fruits is obligatory upon land output as established in surah al-Baqarah: 267 and surah al-An'am: 141, the legal reason being actual fruitful growth, excluding spontaneously growing firewood or wild weeds not intended for cultivation. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9057}", "ur": "ریع کا لغوی معنی اضافہ، بڑھوتری اور بلند زمین ہے، اور فقہ میں زمین کی پیداوار، درختوں کے پھل، یا جائیداد اور سواریوں کے کرائے و آمدنی کو ریع کہا جاتا ہے جو تجارت کے نفع سے الگ ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9052} ریع پر وقف، وصیت، مساقات اور مزارعت کے عقود جاری ہو سکتے ہیں، اور واقف کا اپنے لیے وقف کی پیداوار یا آمدنی کی شرط لگانا حنفیہ اور حنابلہ کے ہاں جائز جبکہ مالکیہ اور شوافع کے ہاں ناجائز ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9053} وقف کی آمدنی واقف کی شرائط کے مطابق تقسیم ہوتی ہے، اور وقف کی اصل جائیداد کی تعمیر و مرمت کو آمدنی کی تقسیم پر مقدم رکھا جاتا ہے تاکہ اصل باقی رہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9054} جائیداد کی پیداوار یا کرائے کی دائمی یا وقتی وصیت درست ہے جس میں اصل ملکیت وارثوں کی اور آمدنی موصی لہ کی ہوتی ہے، اور درختوں کے پھل میں مشاع حصے پر مساقات درست ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9055} زمین کی پیداوار میں متعین حصے پر مزارعت جمہور فقہاء کے نزدیک جائز ہے، اور غصب شدہ جائیداد کا غاصب مالکیہ، شوافع اور حنابلہ کے ہاں پیداوار اور اجر مثل کا ضامن ہوتا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9056} زمین کی زراعت اور پھلوں پر زکوۃ واجب ہے جیسا کہ سورۃ البقرۃ: 267 اور سورۃ الانعام: 141 میں وارد ہے، اور وجوب کا سبب زمین کی حقیقی بڑھوتری ہے لہٰذا بغیر کاشت کے خود رو گھاس پھونس اور لکڑیوں پر زکوۃ نہیں ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.9057}" }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [ "global" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "legal", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/rukhsa-usul", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "الرخصة", "en": "Rukhsa (the concession: a ruling eased for a reason, set against the strict ruling 'azima)", "ur": "رخصت" }, "summary": { "ar": "الرخصة في اللغة اليسر والإذن بعد النهي، وفي الاصطلاح ما وُسّع للمكلف في فعله لعذر عجز عنه مع قيام السبب المحرم، وهي تقابل العزيمة، وتتقارب مع الإباحة ورفع الحرج. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8675} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8676} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8677} وتتعدد أسبابها من ضرورة وحاجة وسفر ومرض ونسيان وإكراه، وتتنوع إلى واجبة ومندوبة ومباحة وخلاف الأولى عند الشافعية، وإلى حقيقية ومجازية عند الحنفية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8678} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8679} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8680} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8681} وأخذ بعض الفقهاء العزيمة أولى في بعض الصور، كالإكراه على الكفر إذا كان الامتناع يُفضي إلى القتل، ومن يصوم في السفر. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8681} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8682} ويجوز القياس على الرخص عند الجمهور، ويمنع أبو حنيفة إلا عند أبي يوسف. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8687} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8688} وتتبع الرخص لغير سبب شرعي محرّم، والأخذ بها عند سبب شرعي جائز. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8688} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8689} ويذكر الشاطبي في النوع الخامس من كتاب الأحكام أن الرخصة ما شرع لعذر شاق استثناءً من أصل كلي يقتضي المنع، مقتصراً على مواضع الحاجة، وأن الحاجيات الكليات كالقرض والقراض والمساقاة ليست رخصاً لأنها تبقى مشروعة بعد زوال العذر، وأن الرخصة ليست مشروعة ابتداء وإن عرض لها ذلك فعرضاً. {cite:muwafaqat p.183-184} ويعدّد أربعة إطلاقات لاسم الرخصة: ما شرع لعذر من أصل كلي مانع وهو الإطلاق الذي عليه التفريع في هذا النوع، وما وضع عن هذه الأمة من التكاليف الغليظة والأعمال الشاقة، وما كان مشروعات توسيعاً على العباد مطلقاً، وما كان تسهلاً في قضاء أوطارهم، ويقرر أن حكم الرخصة الإباحة مطلقاً من حيث هي رخصة. {cite:muwafaqat p.185-187}", "en": "Rukhsa in the lexicon is ease and permission after a prohibition; in usage it is what is made lighter for the person in doing something, for a cause that prevents him from the strict ruling while the forbidding cause remains. It is set against 'azima, and is close to permission and to lifting hardship. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8675} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8676} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8677} Its causes are necessity, need, travel, illness, forgetting and compulsion; its kinds are obligatory, recommended, permitted and against the better course for the Shafi'is, and real and figurative for the Hanafis. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8678} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8679} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8680} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8681} Some jurists hold that the strict ruling is better in some cases, such as compelled unbelief when refusing would mean death, and fasting on a journey. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8681} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8682} Analogy from a concession is allowed by the majority and refused by the Hanafis, except Abu Yusuf. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8687} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8688} Taking up concessions merely to escape duty is condemned; taking them for a lawful cause is permitted. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8688} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8689} In the fifth division of the Book of Rulings al-Shatibi holds that the rukhsa is what was legislated for a severe excuse as an exception from a universal prohibiting principle, confined to places of need, and that the universal needs-based provisions such as loan, partnership and sharecropping are not rukhas because they remain lawful after the excuse lapses; the rukhsa is not legislated from the outset, though it may contingently become so. {cite:muwafaqat p.183-184} He enumerates four expansions of the name rukhsa: what was legislated for an excuse out of a prohibiting universal principle — the expansion on which this division's subdivisions rest — what was lifted from this community of harsh duties and laborious works, what was legislated as facilitation for servants absolutely, and what was ease in attaining their goals; and he holds that the ruling of the rukhsa is unrestricted permission in itself as a rukhsa. {cite:muwafaqat p.185-187}", "ur": "رخصت وہ آسانی ہے جو عذر کی بنا پر مکلف کو دی گئی ہو، جبکہ عزیمت اصل سخت حکم ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8675} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8676} اسباب میں ضرورت، حاجت، سفر اور بیماری شامل ہیں۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8686} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8687}" }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [ "global" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "doctrine", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/fatwa-aliftaa-jo-praying-seated-because-of-severe-obesity", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/taqlid", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "التقليد", "en": "Taqlid", "ur": "تقلید" }, "summary": { "ar": "التقليد في الاصطلاح الأصولي قبول قول الغير بلا حجة؛ تعقد له الموسوعة الفقهية مادة مستقلة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3}.", "en": "Taqlid in usul usage is accepting another's saying without proof; the Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia gives it a dedicated entry {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q1542247", "status": "draft", "kind": "legal", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/fatwa-islamqa-asking-artificial-intelligence-for-fatwas", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/ilam-al-muwaqqiin", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/irshad-al-fuhul", "inverse": true }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "concept/aqsam-al-muftin", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/tarjih-usul", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "الترجيح", "en": "Tarjih (preponderance): choosing the stronger of two conflicting evidences, between two reports and between two analogies", "ur": "ترجیح" }, "summary": { "ar": "الترجيح في اللغة تقوية أحد المتماثلين على الآخر، وعرّفه الحنفية بأنه إظهار الزيادة لأحد المتماثلين على الآخر بما لا يستقل، وعرّفه الشافعية بأنه اقتران أحد الصالحين للدلالة على المطلوب مع تعارضهما بما يوجب العمل بأحدهما. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8623} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8624} ويجب العمل بالدليل الراجح وإهمال المرجوح إذا لم يمكن الجمع بينهما، وقد أجمع السلف على تقديم بعض الأخبار على بعض بحسب قوة الظن. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8624} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8625} ومن قواعد الترجيح بين الخبرين ما يتعلق بالسند، كزيادة الرواة وكبر الصحابي وتقدم الإسلام وتقديم المتواتر على الآحاد، وما يتعلق بالمتن ودلالته، كتقديم الدال على الحظر والدال على الوجوب، وتقديم الحقيقي على المجازي. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8626} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8627} وفي الترجيح بين قياسين يُرجح القياس بقوة دليل حكم الأصل، وبقوة مسلك العلة، وبكون الفرع من جنس الأصل. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8627}", "en": "Tarjih in the lexicon is strengthening one of two alike things over the other. The Hanafis define it as showing an excess in one of two alike items that is not independent, and the Shafi'is as one of two valid proofs being preferred to its opponent. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8623} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8624} When two conflicting proofs cannot be reconciled, the stronger must be acted upon and the weaker set aside, and the Companions and the early scholars did so by the strength of the opinion. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8624} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8625} Among the rules for two reports are those about the chain, such as more transmitters, a senior Companion, earlier Islam, and mutawatir over single reports; and those about the text, such as a prohibition over a command, and the literal over the figurative. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8626} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8627} For two analogies, one prefers the analogy whose root ruling is stronger, whose cause is more clearly stated, or whose branch is of the same kind as its root. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8627}", "ur": "ترجیح دو متعارض دلیلوں میں سے قوی کو اختیار کرنا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8623} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8624} جب جمع ممکن نہ ہو تو راجح دلیل پر عمل کیا جاتا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8624}" }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [ "global" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "doctrine", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/irshad-al-fuhul", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "concept/taswib-al-mujtahidin", "class": "concept", "label": { "ar": "التصويب والتخطئة: هل كل مجتهد مصيب؟", "en": "Is every mujtahid right? (taswib and takhti'a)", "ur": "کیا ہر مجتہد درست ہے؟ ⁦(تصویب و تخطئہ)⁩" }, "summary": { "ar": "مسألة أصولية: إذا اجتهد مجتهدان في مسألة فاختلفا، أهما مصيبان أم أحدهما مصيب والآخر مخطئ؟ تروي ترجمة الكاساني في مقدمة طبعة البدائع أنه ناظر فقيهاً في بلاد الروم فيها، فنسب الفقيه إلى أبي حنيفة أن كل مجتهد مصيب، فقال الكاساني إن الصحيح عن أبي حنيفة أن أحدهما مصيب والآخر مخطئ والحق في جهة واحدة، وإن القول الآخر مذهب المعتزلة. {cite:badai-sanai-ilmiyya-v1 p.74}", "en": "A question of legal theory: when two mujtahids reason on a question and reach different answers, are both right, or is one right and the other mistaken? The life of al-Kasani in the introduction to the Bada'i' edition relates that he debated it with a jurist in the land of Rum: the jurist ascribed to Abu Hanifa the view that every mujtahid is right; al-Kasani answered that the sound report from Abu Hanifa is that one is right and the other mistaken, the truth lying on one side, and that the other view is the Mu'tazila's.", "ur": "اصولِ فقہ کا مسئلہ: جب دو مجتہد کسی مسئلے میں اجتہاد کریں اور مختلف نتیجے پر پہنچیں تو کیا دونوں درست ہیں، یا ایک درست اور دوسرا خطا پر؟ بدائع کے ایڈیشن کے مقدمے میں کاسانی کے ترجمے میں ہے کہ انہوں نے بلادِ روم میں ایک فقیہ سے اس پر مناظرہ کیا: فقیہ نے امام ابو حنیفہ کی طرف یہ قول منسوب کیا کہ ہر مجتہد درست ہے؛ کاسانی نے کہا کہ امام ابو حنیفہ سے صحیح روایت یہ ہے کہ ایک درست اور دوسرا خطا پر ہے اور حق ایک ہی جانب ہے، اور دوسرا قول معتزلہ کا مذہب ہے۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [ "global" ], "status": "published", "kind": "doctrine", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "part_of", "to": "concept/ijtihad", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "class": "group", "label": { "ar": "المذهب الحنفي", "en": "The Hanafi school (madhhab)" }, "summary": { "ar": "المذهب الحنفي مدرسة فقهية منسوبة إلى أبي حنيفة، نشأت من مدرسة الكوفة القديمة وامتصت مدرسة البصرة، وكان أبو يوسف والشيباني أبرز من نقل علمه وأرسى متونه. نال حظوة الخلفاء العباسيين الأوائل، وانتشر في العراق والشام وخراسان وما وراء النهر وأفغانستان، وصار مذهب السلاجقة والعثمانيين الرسمي، وبقي له وضع رسمي في ولايات عثمانية سابقة. وهو عند أحمد أمين أوسع المذاهب دائرة في استعمال الرأي، وقال أصحابه بالاستحسان وأنكره الشافعية {cite:duha-islam p. 502} {cite:duha-islam p. 504}. ويذكر السايس أن أبا حنيفة كان يأخذ بالكتاب ثم بالسنة المشتهرة ثم بأقوال الصحابة، ثم يجتهد بالقياس والاستحسان {cite:nashat-al-fiqh-al-ijtihadi-azhar p. 89-90}.", "en": "The Hanafi school is the legal school named after Abu Hanifa. It grew out of the ancient school of Kufa and absorbed that of Basra, with Abu Yusuf and al-Shaybani as its chief transmitters and authors of its standard texts. Favoured by the first Abbasid caliphs, it spread through Iraq, Syria, Khurasan, Transoxania and Afghanistan, became the school of the Seljuks and the Ottomans, and kept official status in former Ottoman provinces. Ahmad Amin calls it the widest of the schools in the use of opinion, and says its followers upheld istihsan, which the Shafi'is rejected {cite:duha-islam p. 502} {cite:duha-islam p. 504}. Al-Sayis says Abu Hanifa took the Book, then the well-known Sunna, then the Companions' sayings, then reasoned by analogy and istihsan {cite:nashat-al-fiqh-al-ijtihadi-azhar p. 89-90}.", "ur": "حنفی مذہب ابو حنیفہ کی طرف منسوب فقہی مکتب ہے جو قدیم مکتبِ کوفہ سے نکلا اور اس نے مکتبِ بصرہ کو اپنے اندر سمو لیا؛ ابو یوسف اور شیبانی اس کے اہم ناقل اور معیاری متون کے مصنف تھے۔ اسے ابتدائی عباسی خلفا کی سرپرستی ملی، یہ عراق، شام، خراسان، ماوراء النہر اور افغانستان میں پھیلا، سلجوقیوں اور عثمانیوں کا مذہب بنا، اور سابق عثمانی صوبوں میں سرکاری حیثیت برقرار رکھی۔ احمد امین کے نزدیک یہ رائے کے استعمال میں سب سے وسیع مذہب ہے، اور حنفیہ استحسان کے قائل تھے جسے شافعیہ نے رد کیا {cite:duha-islam p. 502} {cite:duha-islam p. 504}. سایس کے بیان کے مطابق ابو حنیفہ کتاب، پھر مشہور سنت، پھر صحابہ کے اقوال لیتے، پھر قیاس اور استحسان سے اجتہاد کرتے {cite:nashat-al-fiqh-al-ijtihadi-azhar p. 89-90}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "wikidata": "Q228986", "status": "draft", "kind": "madhhab", "sections": [ "hanafi" ], "connections": [ { "type": "founded_by", "to": "person/abu-hanifa", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/ala-al-din-al-kasani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/ala-al-din-al-samarqandi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/burhan-al-din-al-marghinani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/fatima-al-samarqandi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/hafiz-al-din-al-nasafi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/ibn-abidin", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-binaya-sharh-al-hidaya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-fiqh-al-absat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-fiqh-al-akbar", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-hidayah-marghinani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-inaya-sharh-al-hidaya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-jami-al-saghir-fi-al-fiqh", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mabsut-sarakhsi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mawsua-al-fiqhiyya-al-kuwaitiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mawsua-al-fiqhiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-muwafaqat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mubtadi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mujtahid", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/fatawa-aimmat-al-muslimin-subki", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/kafi-al-mubtadi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/madkhal-al-shari-al-sharif-ala-al-madhahib", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/mukhtasar-al-tahawi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/nihayat-al-hidaya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/sharh-maani-al-athar-tahawi", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "class": "group", "label": { "ar": "المذهب الحنبلي", "en": "The Hanbali school (madhhab)" }, "summary": { "ar": "أحد المذاهب الفقهية السنية الأربعة، يُنسب إلى الإمام أحمد بن حنبل، ويقوم على تقديم النص والأثر وفتاوى الصحابة، ثم حفظه وتدوينه تلاميذه من بعده وفي مقدمتهم الخلال والخرقي. ويذكر السايس أن الإمام أحمد كان يقدم النص الصحيح ثم فتاوى الصحابة، ويأخذ بالمرسل والحديث الضعيف قبل القياس، ولا يقدم عليه عملًا أو رأيًا {cite:nashat-al-fiqh-al-ijtihadi-azhar p. 97-98}.", "en": "One of the four Sunni schools of law, named after Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal; it gives precedence to the revealed text, transmitted reports and the fatwas of the Companions, and was preserved and written down by his students after him, foremost among them al-Khallal and al-Kharaqi." }, "wings": [], "regions": [ "levant-iraq", "arabia" ], "wikidata": "Q233387", "status": "draft", "kind": "madhhab", "sections": [ "hanbali" ], "connections": [ { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/abu-ishaq-al-barmaki", "inverse": true }, { "type": "founded_by", "to": "person/ahmad-ibn-hanbal", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-furu-fi-al-fiqh-al-hanbali", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-kafi-ibn-qudama", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mawsua-al-fiqhiyya-al-kuwaitiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mawsua-al-fiqhiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mughni", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-muqni-ibn-qudama", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-muqni", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-muwafaqat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-sharh-al-kabir-ala-al-muqni", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mujtahid", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/dhayl-tabaqat-al-hanabila", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/fatawa-aimmat-al-muslimin-subki", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/madkhal-al-shari-al-sharif-ala-al-madhahib", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/madkhal-ila-madhhab-ahmad", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/majmu-al-fatawa", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/mukhtasar-al-kharaqi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/mukhtasar-al-khiraqi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/mukhtasar-al-sawaiq-al-mursala", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/tabaqat-al-hanabila", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/umdat-al-fiqh-ibn-qudama", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "group/ibadiyya", "class": "group", "label": { "ar": "الإباضية", "en": "Ibadiyya" }, "summary": { "ar": "الإباضية أتباع عبد الله بن إباض الخارجي الذي مات في عهد عبد الملك بن مروان، وهي الفرقة الوحيدة من الخوارج التي عاشت وانتشرت في شمالي إفريقية وعُمان وحضرموت وزنجبار واستمرت إلى يومنا؛ فكان من الطبيعي أن يكون لها أصول اعتقادية وتعاليم فقهية تعدّل مذهبها مع الزمان — لهم أصول كلامية متأثرة إلى حد كبير بمذهب المعتزلة في القول بخلق القرآن وأن الله لا يُرى في الجنة وأنه لا يغفر الكبائر، ولهم كتب فقهية خاصة تخالف أهل السنة في بعض الفروع كقولهم إن الزواج لا يصح إلا فيما بينهم؛ ومنهم ثارت ثورة الجلندى في عُمان سنة ١٣٤، وحفظت مكاتبهم في المغرب وعُمان بعض آثارهم الأدبية من العصر العباسي الأول {cite:duha-islam p. 948, 950, 956}.", "en": "The Ibadiyya — followers of Abdallah ibn Ibad, the one Khariji branch to survive, in North Africa, Oman, Hadramawt and Zanzibar, with a kalam touched by the Mu'tazila and a fiqh of its own {cite:duha-islam p. 948}." }, "wings": [], "regions": [ "levant-iraq", "arabia", "maghreb", "east-africa" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "sect", "sections": [ "ukhra" ], "connections": [ { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/abdallah-ibn-ibad", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/al-julanda-ibn-masud", "inverse": true }, { "type": "split_from", "to": "group/khawarij", "inverse": false }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "place/dawan", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-fisal-ibn-hazm", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "group/jafari-madhhab", "class": "group", "label": { "ar": "المذهب الجعفري", "en": "The Ja'fari school", "ur": "جعفری مذہب" }, "summary": { "ar": "المذهب الجعفري مدرسة الفقه الإثني عشرية المنسوبة إلى جعفر الصادق؛ تعرضها كتب الملل ضمن الإمامية ويعرضها البحث الأكاديمي باعتبارها فقه الإثني عشرية {cite:milal-nihal-shahrastani} {cite:momen-1985}.", "en": "The Ja'fari school is the Twelver school of fiqh traced to Ja'far al-Sadiq; the heresiographies treat it within the Imamiyya and academic study presents it as Twelver jurisprudence {cite:milal-nihal-shahrastani} {cite:momen-1985}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q685467", "status": "draft", "kind": "madhhab", "sections": [ "ukhra" ], "connections": [ { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/al-kulayni", "inverse": true }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "person/jafar-al-sadiq", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-kafi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/gharaib-fiqhiyya-ind-al-shia-al-imamiyya", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "group/maliki-madhhab", "class": "group", "label": { "ar": "المذهب المالكي", "en": "The Maliki school (madhhab)" }, "summary": { "ar": "مذهب مالك بن أنس صاحب الموطأ؛ يعده أحمد أمين ثالث المذاهب في استعمال الرأي بعد الحنابلة والظاهرية {cite:duha-islam p. 502}، ومن أدواته «الاستصلاح» أو «المصالح المرسلة» المبنية على أن الشارع يدور في تشريعه على حفظ أمور خمسة: الدين والنفس والعقل والنسل والمال {cite:duha-islam p. 504}؛ ويذكر السايس أن مالكًا قدّم عمل أهل المدينة على القياس وخبر الواحد، وأخذ بالمصالح المرسلة وبقول الصحابي إذا صح سنده {cite:nashat-al-fiqh-al-ijtihadi-azhar p. 92-93}.", "en": "Malik ibn Anas's school — third of the madhhabs in resort to ra'y {cite:duha-islam p. 502}, working the tool of istislah, the safeguarding of religion, life, reason, progeny and wealth {cite:duha-islam p. 504}." }, "wings": [], "regions": [ "arabia" ], "wikidata": "Q48221", "status": "draft", "kind": "madhhab", "sections": [ "maliki" ], "connections": [ { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/abu-ishaq-al-shatibi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/al-ashhab-ibn-abd-al-aziz", "inverse": true }, { "type": "founded_by", "to": "person/malik-ibn-anas", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/muhammad-ibn-dinar", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mawsua-al-fiqhiyya-al-kuwaitiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mawsua-al-fiqhiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mudawwana-al-jamia", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mudawwana-al-kubra", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-muwafaqat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mujtahid", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/fatawa-aimmat-al-muslimin-subki", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/madkhal-al-shari-al-sharif-ala-al-madhahib", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/mukhtasar-khalil", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/muwatta-malik", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "group/shafii-madhhab", "class": "group", "label": { "ar": "المذهب الشافعي", "en": "The Shafi'i school (madhhab)" }, "summary": { "ar": "المذهب الشافعي مدرسة فقهية سنية ينتسب أتباعها إلى الإمام الشافعي المتوفى سنة 204هـ/820م. تذكر دائرة المعارف الإسلامية أن مذهباً شخصياً بهذا المعنى تكوّن في النصف الأول من القرن الثالث الهجري على يد تلاميذ مصريين مثل المزني والبويطي والربيع المرادي، وأن القول الجديد وحده بقي في المذهب. وانتشر في مصر والشام والحجاز وفي العراق وخراسان، وتميز بتيارين في أصول الفقه، فقهي ثم كلامي أشعري في الغالب. وتشير إلى أن علاقته بالأشعرية والتصوف قديمة لكنها ليست حصرية.", "en": "The Shafi'i school is a Sunni legal school whose members claim to follow al-Shafi'i, who died in 204/820. The Encyclopaedia of Islam reports that a school in the personal sense formed in the first half of the third Islamic century through Egyptian pupils such as al-Muzani, al-Buwayti and al-Rabi' al-Muradi, and that only the new doctrine remained in it. It spread across Egypt, Syria, the Hijaz, Iraq and Khurasan, with two currents in legal theory, one strictly juristic and one largely Ash'ari-theological. Its ties to Ash'arism and Sufism were close but not exclusive.", "ur": "شافعی مذہب سنی فقہی مکتب ہے جس کے پیروکار شافعی کی پیروی کا دعویٰ کرتے ہیں، جن کی وفات 204ھ/820ء میں ہوئی۔ دائرۃ المعارفِ اسلامیہ کے مطابق شخصی معنی میں یہ مذہب تیسری صدی ہجری کے پہلے نصف میں مزنی، بویطی اور ربیع مرادی جیسے مصری شاگردوں کے ذریعے بنا، اور اس میں صرف جدید قول باقی رہا۔ یہ مصر، شام، حجاز، عراق اور خراسان میں پھیلا، اور اصولِ فقہ میں دو دھارے رکھتا تھا، ایک خالص فقہی اور دوسرا زیادہ تر اشعری کلامی۔ اشعریت اور تصوف سے اس کے تعلقات قریبی تھے مگر خصوصی نہیں۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "arabia", "egypt-nile" ], "wikidata": "Q82245", "status": "draft", "kind": "madhhab", "sections": [ "shafii" ], "connections": [ { "type": "founded_by", "to": "person/al-shafii", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-hawi-al-kabir", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-lubab-fi-al-fiqh-al-shafii", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-majmu-sharh-al-muhadhdhab", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mawsua-al-fiqhiyya-al-kuwaitiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-mawsua-al-fiqhiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-muhadhdhab-fi-fiqh-al-shafii", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-muhadhdhab-fiqh-shafii", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-muwafaqat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-risala-shafii", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-tanbih-fi-al-fiqh-al-shafii", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-tanqih-fi-sharh-al-wasit", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-wajiz-fi-fiqh-al-shafii", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-wasit-fil-madhhab", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mujtahid", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/fatawa-aimmat-al-muslimin-subki", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/kitab-al-umm", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/madkhal-al-shari-al-sharif-ala-al-madhahib", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/matn-al-minhaj-fi-madhhab-al-shafii", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/minhaj-al-talibin-nawawi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/mughni-al-muhtaj", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/mukhtasar-al-buwayti", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/mukhtasar-al-muzani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/tabaqat-al-fuqaha-al-shafiiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/tabaqat-al-shafiiyya-al-kubra", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "group/zahiri-madhhab", "class": "group", "label": { "ar": "المذهب الظاهري", "en": "The Zahiri school (madhhab)" }, "summary": { "ar": "المذهب الذي استقل به داود بن علي الأصبهاني بعد تعصبه للشافعي، وتبعه كثير من الناس خصوصاً في فارس والأندلس؛ موقفه موقف النقيض من الحنفية: ينكر القياس ويرى أن في القرآن والحديث وعموماتهما ما يكفي لبيان الأحكام فيتمسك بظاهر الكتاب والسنة ومنه اشتُق الاسم، ويرى أن القول بالقياس تشريع عقلي والدين إلهي، ولو كان الدين بالعقل لجرت أحكام على خلاف ما أتى به الكتاب والسنة، ولا يبيح القياس إلا إذا ورد نص بتحريم أو تحليل بُني فيه على علة، فحينئذ يُشرك في الحكم ما اتّحد في العلة؛ وأضيق المذاهب مجالاً للتشريع إذ أكبر مناحي الاجتهاد — القياس — منكور عندهم {cite:duha-islam p. 567-568}.", "en": "Dawud ibn Ali al-Isbahani's school — literalist, rejecting qiyas outright: God legislated, not reason; smallest of the circles of ra'y, strongest in Persia and al-Andalus {cite:duha-islam p. 567-568}." }, "wings": [], "regions": [ "levant-iraq", "persia-central-asia", "andalus-europe" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "madhhab", "sections": [ "ukhra" ], "connections": [ { "type": "founded_by", "to": "person/dawud-al-zahiri", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_member", "to": "person/ibn-hazm", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-fisal-ibn-hazm", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-muhalla-ibn-hazm", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-muhalla-ibn-hazm", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mujtahid", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/abd-al-rahman-ibn-al-qasim", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "عبد الرحمن بن القاسم", "en": "Abd Al Rahman Ibn Al Qasim" }, "summary": { "ar": "عبد الرحمن بن القاسم من أهل مصر روى عن مالك وأخذ عنه {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 281}.", "en": "Ibn al-Qasim — Malik's Egyptian transmitter {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "born": { "edtf": "750", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: Tartib al-Madarik (Qadi Iyad: companion of Malik" }, "died": { "edtf": "806", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: Tartib al-Madarik (Qadi Iyad: companion of Malik" }, "wikidata": "Q3147434", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "maliki", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/misr", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-muwafaqat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-134", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-238", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-242", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-334", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-335", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-340", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-14-1492", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-14-1530", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-15-1594", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-15-1595", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-27-2418", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-31-2610", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-4-855", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1174", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1215", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1216", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1229", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1231", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-943", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-953", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/abdallah-ibn-ibad", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "عبد الله بن إباض", "en": "Abdallah ibn Ibad" }, "summary": { "ar": "عبد الله بن إباض الخارجي الذي مات في عهد عبد الملك بن مروان، إليه تنسب الإباضية؛ وهي الفرقة الوحيدة من الخوارج التي عاشت وانتشرت في شمالي إفريقية وعُمان وحضرموت وزنجبار واستمرت إلى يومنا، فكان من الطبيعي أن يكون لها أصول اعتقادية وتعاليم فقهية تعدّل مذهبها مع الزمان — أصول كلامية متأثرة إلى حد كبير بمذهب المعتزلة في القول بخلق القرآن وأن الله لا يُرى في الجنة، وكتب فقهية خاصة تخالف أهل السنة في بعض الفروع {cite:duha-islam p. 948}.", "en": "Abdallah ibn Ibad — the eponym of the Ibadiyya, the one Khariji branch to survive, in North Africa, Oman, Hadramawt and Zanzibar, with a fiqh and kalam of its own shaped partly by the Mu'tazila {cite:duha-islam p. 948}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "died": { "edtf": "705", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: al-Zirikli (al-A'lam)" }, "wikidata": "Q307643", "status": "draft", "traditions": [ "ibadi" ], "sections": [ "ukhra" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/umayyad-caliphate", "inverse": false }, { "type": "member_of", "to": "group/ibadiyya", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/abdallah-ibn-wahb-al-misri", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "عبد الله بن وهب المصري", "en": "Abdallah Ibn Wahb Al Misri" }, "summary": { "ar": "عبد الله بن وهب روى عن مالك كتبه وسننه وموطأه وكان صالحا ثقة {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 281}.", "en": "Ibn Wahb — the Egyptian transmitter of the Muwatta {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "born": { "edtf": "743", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: Ibn Khallikan (Wafayat al-A'yan)" }, "died": { "edtf": "812", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: Ibn Khallikan (Wafayat al-A'yan)" }, "wikidata": "Q3147461", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "maliki", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/misr", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/abu-al-qasim-al-shabi", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أبو القاسم الشابي", "en": "Abu al-Qasim al-Shabi", "ur": "ابوالقاسم اشبی" }, "summary": { "ar": "شاعر تونس الوطني (1909–1934)، وُلد في الشابية بولاية توزر وتعلّم في الزيتونة حيث نال إجازة الحقوق سنة 1930، ومات شابًا بمرض القلب في تونس العاصمة. صاحب قصيدتي «إرادة الحياة» و«إلى طغاة العالم»، ومن أبياته خُتم النشيد الوطني التونسي، وصارت قصائده شعارًا لثورات الربيع العربي سنة 2011.", "en": "Tunisia's national poet (1909–1934), born at al-Shabiya in the Tozeur region and educated at the Zaytuna, where he took a law diploma in 1930; he died young of heart disease in Tunis. He wrote 'The Will to Live' and 'To the Tyrants of the World', supplied the closing verses of Tunisia's national anthem, and saw his poems become slogans of the 2011 Arab Spring.", "ur": "تیونس کے قومی شاعر (1909–1934)، جو توزر کے علاقے الشابیہ میں پیدا ہوئے اور جامع زیتونہ میں تعلیم پائی جہاں 1930ء میں قانون کی سند لی؛ کم عمری میں تونس شہر میں دل کی بیماری سے انتقال ہوا۔ وہ «ارادۂ حیات» اور «دنیا کے ظالموں کے نام» کے خالق ہیں، تیونس کے قومی ترانے کے آخری اشعار انہی کے ہیں، اور 2011ء کے عرب بہار میں ان کی نظمیں نعروں کی صورت اختیار کر گئیں۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "maghreb" ], "born": { "edtf": "1909-02-24", "hijri": "1327", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "derived": true, "note": "Born at al-Shabiya in the Tozeur region on 24 February 1909, which the Arabic biography equates with 3 Safar 1327 AH; the English biography and Wikidata give the same Gregorian day. Tozeur has no place entity on main, so no born_in edge is written.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar", "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en", "source/wikidata-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "1934-10-09", "hijri": "1353", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "derived": true, "note": "Died at the Italian Hospital in Tunis (now the Habib Thameur Hospital) on 9 October 1934, after a long history of heart disease, and was buried at Tozeur; the Arabic biography's years are 1327–1353 AH.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en", "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar", "source/wikidata-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi" ] }, "wikidata": "Q335543", "status": "published", "sections": [ "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/tunis", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/abu-hanifa", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أبو حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت", "en": "Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man ibn Thabit" }, "summary": { "ar": "النعمان بن ثابت الكوفي أبو حنيفة، فقيه ومتكلم وصاحب الاسم الذي سُمّي به المذهب الحنفي. توفي سنة 150هـ/767م وله سبعون سنة، فمولده نحو سنة 80هـ/699م. عاش في الكوفة صانعاً وتاجراً للخز، وتتلمذ على حماد بن أبي سليمان وصار بعده المرجع الأول في فقه الكوفة، ولم يكن قاضياً قط، وتوفي في السجن ببغداد. لم يؤلف في الفقه بنفسه، وتُعرف آراؤه من كتب تلاميذه كأبي يوسف والشيباني، ويرى كاتب مقالة دائرة المعارف الإسلامية أنه كان منظّراً منهجياً، وأنه كان من المرجئة في العقيدة. وكان بعد ذلك محل نقد من خصوم نسبوا إليه أقوالاً لم يقل بها في رأي المقالة.", "en": "al-Nu'man ibn Thabit of Kufa, Abu Hanifa, a jurist and theologian and the eponym of the Hanafi school. He died in 150 AH, 767 CE, aged 70, so was born about 80 AH, 699 CE. He lived in Kufa as a maker and merchant of khazz silk, studied under Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, became the foremost authority on law in Kufa after him, was never a judge, and died in prison in Baghdad. He wrote no legal works himself; his views are known from his pupils' books such as those of Abu Yusuf and al-Shaybani. The Encyclopaedia of Islam article judges him a theoretical systematizer and a Murji'ite in creed, and says later opponents attributed to him opinions it holds he could not have held.", "ur": "نعمان بن ثابت کوفی، ابو حنیفہ، فقیہ اور متکلم، اور وہ شخصیت جن کے نام پر حنفی مذہب کا نام پڑا۔ ان کی وفات 150ھ/767ء میں ستر برس کی عمر میں ہوئی، اس لیے پیدائش تقریباً 80ھ/699ء ہے۔ وہ کوفہ میں خز کے کپڑے کا کام اور تجارت کرتے تھے، حماد بن ابی سلیمان کے شاگرد رہے اور ان کے بعد کوفہ کی فقہ میں سب سے بڑی سند بنے، کبھی قاضی نہیں بنے، اور بغداد میں قید میں فوت ہوئے۔ انہوں نے خود فقہ پر کتاب نہیں لکھی اور ان کی آراء ابو یوسف اور شیبانی جیسے شاگردوں کی کتابوں سے معلوم ہوتی ہیں۔ اسلامی دائرۃ المعارف کا مضمون نگار انہیں نظری منظم کار اور عقیدے میں مرجئی سمجھتا ہے، اور کہتا ہے کہ بعد کے مخالفین نے ان سے ایسی آراء منسوب کیں جو اس کے نزدیک ان کی نہیں ہو سکتیں۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "edtf": "0699", "hijri": "0080", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/mawsuat-a3lam-ulama-adaba" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "0767", "hijri": "0150", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/mawsuat-a3lam-ulama-adaba" ] }, "wikidata": "Q190896", "status": "draft", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "aima", "hanafi" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/treaty-with-taghlib", "inverse": false, "role": "من فقهاء ضعف الصدقة — أرض فحسب للصغير عند العراقيين" }, { "type": "founder_of", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "written_about_by", "to": "person/ahmad-ibn-al-salt-al-himmani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "event/treaty-with-taghlib", "inverse": true, "role": "من فقهاء ضعف الصدقة" }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/ahl-al-hikma", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-dar-al-akhera", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-dinu-al-qayem", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-manjeyat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-muwafaqat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/albuyout-alamena", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/ikhtilaf-al-iraqiyyin", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/kissa-wa-fikra-program", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/maalim-al-sunan", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/muktatafat-mena-al-seera", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/sharh-ketab-al-fawaed", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/silsilat-ebadu-al-rahman", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/silsilat-qissa-wa-ebra", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/tariq-al-noor", "inverse": true }, { "type": "improved", "to": "invention/abu-hanifa-brick-stack-reckoning", "inverse": false, "role": "improver" } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/abu-ishaq-al-shatibi", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أبو إسحاق الشاطبي", "en": "Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi", "ur": "ابو اسحاق شاطبی" }, "summary": { "ar": "أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن موسى بن محمد اللخمي الغرناطي، الشهير بالشاطبي ⁦(ت 790هـ)⁩، أصولي حافظ من أهل غرناطة ومن أئمة المالكية، صاحب «الموافقات في أصول الشريعة» و«الاعتصام» و«المقاصد الشافية في شرح خلاصة الكافية» و«الإفادات والإنشادات» {cite:muwafaqat-draz-ilmiyya p. 1} {cite:muwafaqat-draz-ilmiyya p. 4}.", "en": "Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Musa ibn Muhammad al-Lakhmi of Granada, known as al-Shatibi (d. 790 AH), a legal theorist and hadith memoriser of Granada and one of the Maliki imams, author of al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Shari'a, al-I'tisam, al-Maqasid al-Shafiya (a commentary on Ibn Malik's Alfiyya) and al-Ifadat wa-l-Inshadat.", "ur": "ابو اسحاق ابراہیم بن موسیٰ بن محمد لخمی غرناطی، المعروف بہ شاطبی ⁦(م 790ھ)⁩، غرناطہ کے اصولی اور حافظ، مالکیہ کے ائمہ میں سے، «الموافقات فی اصول الشریعہ»، «الاعتصام»، «المقاصد الشافیہ» ⁦(ابن مالک کی الفیہ کی شرح)⁩ اور «الافادات والانشادات» کے مصنف۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "andalus-europe" ], "died": { "edtf": "1388", "hijri": "0790", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "note": "المتوفى سنة 790هـ (الموافقات ط. دراز ص1)؛ ويقابلها الناشر بسنة 1388م نقلاً عن الأعلام (ص4)", "sources": [ "source/muwafaqat-draz-ilmiyya" ] }, "status": "published", "sections": [ "maliki" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/granada", "inverse": false }, { "type": "member_of", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-muwafaqat", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-itisam-al-shatibi", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/abu-ishaq-al-shirazi", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أبو إسحاق الشيرازي", "en": "Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi" }, "summary": { "ar": "فقيه شافعي وأصولي، صاحب «طبقات الفقهاء» و«المهذب»؛ وُلد بفيروزآباد سنة 393هـ، ودرس بفارس والبصرة ثم بغداد، وأصبح من كبار فقهاء الشافعية في عصره، وامتنع عن قضاء القضاة حين عرضه عليه الخليفة. وقرر لتدريس المدرسة النظامية ببغداد لما فرغت سنة 459هـ فاجتمع الناس فلم يحضر واختفى فدرس ابن الصباغ، ثم تلطفوا به حتى أجاب ودرس {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 645-646}. وفي فتنة الحنابلة والأشعرية مال إلى نصرة ابن القشيري وكتب إلى نظام الملك يشكو الحنابلة، ولما اشتدت الفتنة مضى إلى باب الطاق وأخذ في إعداد أهبة السفر فأنفذ إليه الخليفة من رده عن رأيه، وفي مجلس الصلح الذي عقده الوزير حضر فقال للشريف أبي جعفر «إنا ذاك الذي تعرف وهذه كتبي في أصول الفقه أقول فيها خلافاً للأشعرية» فقبل رأسه فأجابه الشريف «قد كان ما تقول، إلا أنك لما كنت فقيراً لم يظهر لنا ما في نفسك، فلما جاءك الأعوان والسلطان وخواجا بزوك أبديت ما كان مخفياً» {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.8 p.647-648}.", "en": "A Shafi'i jurist and usulist, author of Tabaqat al-fuqaha and al-Muhadhdhab; born at Firuzabad in 393 AH, studied in Fars, Basra and Baghdad, and became one of the leading Shafi'i jurists of his time; he declined the chief qadiship when the caliph offered it.", "ur": "شافعی فقیہ اور اصولی، «طبقات الفقہاء» اور «المھذب» کے مصنف؛ 393ھ میں فیروزآباد میں پیدا ہوئے، فارس، بصرہ اور بغداد میں پڑھے اور اپنے عصر کے ممتاز شافعی فقہاء میں شمار ہوئے؛ خلیفہ کے پیش کردہ قاضی القضاة کے منصب سے انہوں نے انکار کیا {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 645-646}۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq", "persia-central-asia" ], "born": { "hijri": "0393", "edtf": "1003~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "ولد بفيروزآباد سنة 393هـ، وفي اللباب سنة 373 وقيل 395؛ ترجح المقدمة 393. التحويل الميلادي مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "died": { "hijri": "0476-06", "edtf": "1083~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "month", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي يوم الأربعاء في العشرين من جمادى الآخرة سنة ست وسبعين وأربعمائة وله ثلاث وثمانون سنة {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 350}؛ وعند دائرة المعارف الإسلامية: الأربعاء ٢٤ جمادى الآخرة ٤٧٦هـ/نوفمبر ١٠٨٣م {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 495}؛ التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981", "source/shadharat-dhahab", "source/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2" ] }, "status": "published", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "shafii" ], "connections": [ { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/firuzabad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/fars", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/tabaqat-fuqaha", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-muhadhdhab-fiqh-shafii", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-tanbih-fi-al-fiqh-al-shafii", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-luma-fi-usul-al-fiqh", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/baghdad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/baghdad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/abul-tayyeb-tabari", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/al-qazwini-al-faqih", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/shirazi-studies-fars-basra-410", "inverse": false, "role": "طالب الفقه" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/shirazi-arrives-baghdad-415", "inverse": false, "role": "الطالب القادم" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/shirazi-teaches-baghdad-428", "inverse": false, "role": "المدرّس" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/shirazi-composes-manuals-452", "inverse": false, "role": "المصنّف" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/shirazi-writes-muhadhdhab-455", "inverse": false, "role": "المصنّف" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/nizamiyya-founding-459", "inverse": false, "role": "المدرّس الذي شيّدت له المدرسة" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/qaim-death-muqtadi-accession-467", "inverse": false, "role": "من أسباب تولية المقتدي عند السبكي" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/qushayri-fitna-469", "inverse": false, "role": "المناصر للأشعرية" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/nizamiyya-riot-470", "inverse": false, "role": "المخاطَب بكتاب نظام الملك" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/shirazi-khurasan-nishapur-475", "inverse": false, "role": "المسافر المفاوض" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abu-yaqub-al-hamadhani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/yusuf-al-hamadhani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/khatib-death-463", "inverse": false, "role": "من حملة الجنازة" }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/what-did-muslims-bring-to-the-world", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/abu-yusuf-al-qadi", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أبو يوسف القاضي", "en": "Abu Yusuf Al Qadi" }, "summary": { "ar": "أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إبراهيم الأنصاري صاحب أبي حنيفة وأكبر ناقلي مذهبه، ولى القضاء للرشيد، وله من الكتب في الأصول والأمالي كتاب الصلاة وكتاب الزكاة وكتاب الصيام وكتاب الفرائض وكتاب البيوع وكتاب الحدود وكتاب الوكالة وكتاب الوصايا وكتاب الصيد والذبائح وكتاب الغصب والاستبراء، وله أمالي رواها بشر بن الوليد القاضي يحتوي على ستة وثلاثين كتابا مما فرعه أبو يوسف كتاب اختلاف الأمصار وكتاب الرد على مالك بن أنس وكتاب رسالته في الخراج إلى الرشيد وكتاب الجوامع ألفه ليحيى بن خالد يحتوي على أربعين كتابا ذكر فيه اختلاف الناس والرأي المأخوذ به، وابنه أبو إسحاق بن أبي يوسف ولي القضاء في حياة أبيه وتوفي بعده سنة اثنتين وتسعين ومائة {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 286-287}. وفي تاريخ بغداد ⁦(ترجمة 7558)⁩: سمع أبا إسحاق الشيباني وسليمان التيمي ويحيى بن سعيد الأنصاري وسليمان الأعمش، وقال صحبت أبا حنيفة سبع عشرة سنة ثم قد انصبت على الدنيا سبع عشرة سنة، وقال عند موته يا ليتني مت على ما كنت عليه من الفقر وإني لم أدخل في القضاء على أني ما تعمدت بحمد الله جوراً ولا حاديت خصماً على خصم من سلطان ولا سوقة؛ وفيه هدية أم جعفر وردّه قول حديث «من أهديت له هدية فجلساؤه شركاؤه فيها» إلى زمن كانت هدايا الناس فيه الأقط والتمر والزبيب؛ ومات سنة اثنتين وثمانين ومائة {cite:tarikh-baghdad-khatib j.11 p.242-252}.", "en": "Abu Yusuf — the qadi whose corpus the Fihrist enumerates {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}. Tarikh Baghdad (#7558): seventeen years at Abu Hanifa's side, then seventeen given to the world; on his deathbed 'would that I had died in my former poverty — I never knowingly dealt unjustly in the judgeship'; Umm Ja'far's gift and his gloss that the gift-sharing hadith belonged to an age of cheese and dates; died 182 {cite:tarikh-baghdad-khatib j.11 p.242-252}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "born": { "edtf": "731", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: al-Khatib al-Baghdadi; al-Zirikli" }, "died": { "edtf": "798", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: al-Khatib al-Baghdadi; al-Zirikli" }, "wikidata": "Q220697", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "hanafi", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/medina", "inverse": false }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-jahiz", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/albuyout-alamena", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/ikhtilaf-al-iraqiyyin", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/muktatafat-mena-al-seera", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/ahmad-ibn-hanbal", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أحمد بن حنبل", "en": "Ahmad ibn Hanbal", "ur": "احمد بن حنبل" }, "summary": { "ar": "إمام بغداد ومحدّث وفقيه ومتكلم، عاش من 164 إلى 241هـ، وهو صاحب المسند ومؤسس المذهب الحنبلي الذي يقدّم النص والأثر. رحل في طلب الحديث إلى العراق والحجاز واليمن والشام، وتتلمذ على هشيم بن بشير وسفيان بن عيينة وغيرهما. رفض القول بخلق القرآن في المحنة، فقيّد وسُجن وضُرب في عهد المعتصم، ثم عاد إلى التدريس في عهد المتوكل. وعند السيوطي امتنع في المحنة عن أن يقول في القرآن أكثر من كلام الله فقيد مع محمد بن نوح العجلي وأرسلا إلى بلاد الروم فبلغتهم وفاة المأمون قبل وصولهم {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 491-493}، ثم ضربه المعتصم في سنة عشرين على خلق القرآن {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 522}.", "en": "Imam of Baghdad, hadith scholar, jurist and theologian (164-241 AH, 780-855 CE), compiler of the Musnad and eponym of the Hanbali school, which gives precedence to the revealed text and transmitted reports. He travelled for hadith in Iraq, the Hijaz, Yemen and Syria and studied under Hushaym ibn Bashir and Sufyan ibn Uyayna. He refused the doctrine of the created Qur'an during the mihna, was chained, imprisoned and flogged under al-Mu'tasim, and resumed teaching under al-Mutawakkil. He wrote only one treatise on jurisprudence, on prayer, while his students wrote more than thirty volumes of his words and fatwas.", "ur": "بغداد کے امام، محدث، فقیہ اور متکلم ⁦(164 تا 241ھ)⁩، مسند کے مرتب اور حنبلی مکتب کے بانی۔ انہوں نے حدیث کی طلب میں عراق، حجاز، یمن اور شام کے سفر کیے اور ہشیم بن بشیر اور سفیان بن عیینہ سے پڑھا۔ محنہ کے دوران خلقِ قرآن کا عقیدہ ماننے سے انکار کیا، معتصم کے عہد میں قید اور کوڑوں کی سزا پائی، اور متوکل کے عہد میں تدریس کی طرف لوٹے۔ {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki}" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "edtf": "0780-11~", "hijri": "0164-03", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "month", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "ولد في ربيع الأول سنة 164هـ كما روى عنه ابناه صالح وعبد الله؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:fadail-sahaba-ahmad-wasi-allah-1999 p.25}", "sources": [ "source/fadail-sahaba-ahmad-wasi-allah-1999" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "0855-07-31", "hijri": "0241-03-12", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي يوم الجمعة 12 ربيع الأول سنة 241هـ عن سبع وسبعين سنة، عن المنهج الأحمد كما ينقل محقق فضائل الصحابة؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:fadail-sahaba-ahmad-wasi-allah-1999 p.29}. وسنة الوفاة أيضاً في مدخل المسند.", "sources": [ "source/fadail-sahaba-ahmad-wasi-allah-1999", "source/musnad-ahmad" ] }, "wikidata": "Q194442", "status": "published", "traditions": [ "sunni-hanbali" ], "sections": [ "aima", "hanbali" ], "connections": [ { "type": "parent_of", "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-ahmad-ibn-hanbal", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-ahmad-ibn-hanbal", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abu-dawud-al-sijistani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/fadail-al-sahaba-ahmad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/abd-al-razzaq-al-sanani", "inverse": false, "role": "رحل إليه إلى صنعاء مع يحيى بن معين (فضائل الصحابة ص26)" }, { "type": "traveled_to", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "traveled_to", "to": "place/basra", "inverse": false, "role": "أول رحلة سنة 186هـ، ودخلها خمس مرات" }, { "type": "traveled_to", "to": "place/mecca", "inverse": false }, { "type": "traveled_to", "to": "place/medina", "inverse": false }, { "type": "traveled_to", "to": "place/sanaa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "traveled_to", "to": "place/al-sham", "inverse": false }, { "type": "traveled_to", "to": "place/jazira", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/mihna-of-the-quran", "inverse": false, "role": "ثبت ولم يجب فضرب بالسياط" }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/al-shafii", "inverse": false, "role": "من أصحاب الشافعي البغداديين (PDF ص53)" }, { "type": "founder_of", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/muslim-ibn-al-hajjaj", "inverse": true }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/abu-dawud-sunan-ahmad-240", "inverse": false, "role": "الشيخ المعروض عليه" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/muslim-baghdad-ahmad-220", "inverse": false, "role": "الشيخ" }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-dinu-al-qayem", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-ibana-ashari", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-manjeyat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/albuyout-alamena", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/bustan-el-amal", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/kissa-wa-fikra-program", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/kitab-al-sunnah-khallal", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/maalim-al-sunan", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/muktatafat-mena-al-seera", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/silsilat-ebadu-al-rahman", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/tariq-al-noor", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-077", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-100", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-252", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-495", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "screen/al-imam-2017", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-amash-sulayman-ibn-mihran", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "الأعمش سليمان بن مهران", "en": "Al-A'mash, Sulayman ibn Mihran" }, "summary": { "ar": "محدّث ومقرئ وفرضي، لُقّب بالأعمش لضعف في بصره؛ تباينت الروايات في مكان ولادته.", "en": "A hadith scholar, reciter and expert in inheritance law, nicknamed al-A'mash for weakness of sight. Accounts of his birthplace differ." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "edtf": "0680", "hijri": "0061", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/mawsuat-a3lam-ulama-adaba" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "0765", "hijri": "0148", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/mawsuat-a3lam-ulama-adaba" ] }, "wikidata": "Q124746524", "status": "published", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/umayyad-caliphate", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/abbasid-caliphate", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-ashhab-ibn-abd-al-aziz", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "الأشهب بن عبد العزيز", "en": "al-Ashhab ibn Abd al-Aziz", "ur": "اشہب بن عبدالعزیز" }, "summary": { "ar": "أبو عمر الأشهب بن عبد العزيز المالكي، تفقه بمالك وبالمدنيين وبالمصريين؛ ولد سنة خمسين ومائة وتوفي بمصر سنة أربع ومائتين بعد الشافعي، وقيل فيه «ما رأيت أفقه من أشهب لولا طيش فيه»، وكانت المنافسة بينه وبين ابن القاسم وانتهت إليه الرياسة بمصر بعده {cite:tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981 p.128}.", "en": "Abu Umar al-Ashhab ibn Abd al-Aziz, the Maliki who studied under Malik and the Medinese and Egyptians; born 150, died in Egypt 204 after al-Shafi'i — 'I never saw anyone more learned than Ashhab were it not for a recklessness in him', and the leadership in Egypt passed to him after Ibn al-Qasim {cite:tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981 p.128}.", "ur": "ابو عمر اشہب بن عبدالعزیز مالکی عالم، مالک اور مدینہ و مصر کے علماء سے علم حاصل کیا؛ 150 میں پیدا ہوا اور 204 میں مصر میں وفات پائی۔ کہا گیا «میں نے اشہب سے زیادہ فقیہ نہیں دیکھا سوائے اس کی ایک عادت کے» اور ابن القاسم کے بعد مصر میں مذہب کی قیادت اسی کو ملی {cite:tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981 p.128}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "egypt-nile", "arabia" ], "died": { "hijri": "0204", "edtf": "0819~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي بمصر سنة أربع ومائتين {cite:tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981 p.128}؛ التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "status": "draft", "sections": [ "maliki", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/malik-ibn-anas", "inverse": false }, { "type": "member_of", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "person/al-awzai-abd-al-rahman", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "الأوزاعي عبد الرحمن بن عمرو", "en": "Al-Awza'i, Abd al-Rahman ibn Amr" }, "summary": { "ar": "إمام الشام وفقيهها الأول في زمانه، واختلف المؤرخون في أصل نسبته إلى الأوزاع. وعند المسعودي مات سنة سبع وخمسين ومائة وكان منزله في الأوزاع بدمشق ولم يكن منهم وكان من سبي أهل اليمن في آخر أيام المنصور وله تسعون سنة {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 293} ويذكر الشيرازي أنه لم يكن من الأوزاع وأنه من سبي أهل اليمن، ونقل عن عبد الرحمن بن مهدي أنه ما كان أحد بالشام أعلم بالسنة منه {cite:tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981 p. 41}", "en": "The imam and foremost jurist of Syria in his time. Historians differ on the origin of his nisba al-Awza'i." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "edtf": "0706", "hijri": "0088", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/mawsuat-a3lam-ulama-adaba" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "0773", "hijri": "0157", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/mawsuat-a3lam-ulama-adaba", "source/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2" ], "note": "Died in 157 AH; the EI2 gives the same year as 157 AH (774 CE) at about seventy years of age, and his tomb is at Hantus near Beirut {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 1 p. 821}." }, "wikidata": "Q293669", "status": "published", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/shiraz", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ishaq-ibn-abd-allah-ibn-abi-talha", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-awzai-letter-to-salih", "inverse": false, "role": "كاتب الاحتجاج" }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-mubdioune-program", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-buhuti-mansur-ibn-yunus", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "البهوتي منصور بن يونس", "en": "al-Buhuti Mansur ibn Yunus" }, "summary": { "ar": "فقيه حنبلي، كان شيخ الحنابلة بمصر في عصره، نُسب إلى بُهوت في غربية مصر، وصنّف الكثير في الفقه الحنبلي وجمع إلى ذلك التفسير والأصول والفرائض.", "en": "Hanbali jurist, shaykh of the Hanbalis in Egypt in his time, named after Buhut in the Gharbiyya province; wrote extensively on Hanbali law and also on exegesis, legal theory and inheritance; born 1000 AH (1591 CE), died 1051 AH (1641 CE)." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "egypt-nile" ], "born": { "edtf": "1591", "hijri": "1000", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/mawsuat-a3lam-ulama-adaba" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "1641", "hijri": "1051", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/mawsuat-a3lam-ulama-adaba" ] }, "wikidata": "Q4702262", "status": "published", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "hanbali" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/misr", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-buwayti", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أبو يعقوب البويطي", "en": "Abu Ya'qub al-Buwayti" }, "summary": { "ar": "صاحب الشافعي وواسطة عقد جماعته وأظهرهم نجابة، اختص به في حياته وقام مقامه في الدرس والفتوى بعد وفاته؛ حمل في أيام الواثق بالله من مصر إلى بغداد في مدة المحنة فأريد على القول بخلق القرآن فامتنع فحبس ولم يزل في السجن والقيد حتى مات؛ قال الربيع بن سليمان رأيته على بغل في عنقه غل وفي رجليه قيد وبينهما سلسلة فيها طوبة وزنها أربعون رطلاً وهو يقول فوالله لأموتن في حديدي حتى يأتي من بعدي قوم يعلمون أنه مات في هذا الشأن قوم في حديدهم، وكان أبو إسحاق الشيرازي يحكي أنه كان إذا سمع المؤذن يوم الجمعة اغتسل ولبس ثيابه ومشى إلى باب السجن فيقول السجان أين تريد فيقول أجيب داعي الله {cite:wafayat-ayan p. 61-64}. وفي تاريخ بغداد ⁦(ترجمة 7613)⁩: سمع عبد الله بن وهب ومحمد بن إدريس الشافعي، وروى عنه أبو إسماعيل الترمذي وإبراهيم بن إسحاق الحربي وأحمد بن منصور الرمادي والقاسم بن هاشم السمسار، وحُمل إلى بغداد أيام المحنة فامتنع من القول بخلق القرآن فحُبس حتى مات؛ وفيه منازعة ابن عبد الحكم لمجلس الشافعي في مرضه وقول الشافعي ليس أحد أحق بمجلسي من يوسف بن يحيى وليس أحد من أصحابي أعلم منه، وقوله للبويطي أنت تموت في الحديد {cite:tarikh-baghdad-khatib j.11 p.300-302}.", "en": "Al-Shafi'i's chosen disciple who filled his place in lesson and fatwa; carried to Baghdad in al-Wathiq's days of the mihna and refusing the created-Qur'an he died in chains — al-Rabi' saw him on a mule, collared and fettered with a forty-ratl iron, vowing to die in his iron so that later folk would know men had died in this cause; each Friday he washed, dressed and walked to the prison gate to answer God's caller {cite:wafayat-ayan p. 61-64}. Tarikh Baghdad (#7613) adds that he heard Ibn Wahb and al-Shafi'i himself and was transmitted from by al-Tirmidhi, Ibrahim b. Ishaq al-Harbi, Ahmad b. Mansur al-Ramadi and Qasim b. Hashim al-Simsar; it preserves the contest with Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam for al-Shafi'i's sickbed majlis — 'no one has more right to my circle than Yusuf b. Yahya, and no pupil of mine knows more' — and al-Shafi'i's thrice-told prophecy 'you will die in your iron' {cite:tarikh-baghdad-khatib j.11 p.300-302}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "egypt-nile", "levant-iraq" ], "died": { "hijri": "0231", "edtf": "0846~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "الشيرازي: مات ببغداد في السجن سنة إحدى وثلاثين ومائتين، وكان حُمل من مصر في فتنة القرآن فأبى أن يقول بخلقه (PDF ص52).", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "wikidata": "Q2829209", "status": "published", "sections": [ "shafii", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/baghdad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/al-shafii", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "question/must-the-follower-recite-al-fatiha-behind-the-imam", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-dardir", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أحمد الدردير", "en": "al-Dardir" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لأحمد بن محمد الدردير، فقيه مالكي مصر في القرن الثامن عشر صاحب «الشرح الكبير»، توفي سنة ١٧٨٦م؛ تذكره معاجم الأعلام ولم تُراجع ترجمته على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Dardir, the eighteenth-century Maliki jurist of Egypt author of al-Sharh al-Kabir, d. 1786; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "egypt-nile" ], "born": { "edtf": "1715", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: al-Jabarti (Aja'ib)" }, "died": { "edtf": "1786", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: al-Jabarti (Aja'ib)" }, "wikidata": "Q12178564", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "maliki" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/misr", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "person/al-ghazali-abu-hamid", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أبو حامد الغزالي", "en": "Abu Hamid al-Ghazali" }, "summary": { "ar": "حجة الإسلام الإمام الشافعي، صاحب إحياء علوم الدين الذي قال فيه النووي لو ذهبت كتب الإسلام وبقي الإحياء لأغنى عما ذهب؛ توفي بطوس سنة خمس وخمس مئة {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 221}. ولد بطوس سنة خمسين وأربع مئة وكان والده يغزل الصوف ويبيعه في حانوته فلما احتضر أوصى به وبأخيه أحمد إلى صديق له صوفي صالح فقام بما ترك وأدبهما ثم نفد ما خلفه فقال لهما أن تلجأا إلى المدرسة فقال الغزالي أصرنا إلى المدرسة نطلب الفقه لتحصيل القوت، ثم تحول إلى نيسابور فلازم إمام الحرمين حتى صار أنظر أهل زمانه ونُدب للتدريس بنظامية بغداد سنة أربع وثمانين فقدمها في تجمل كبير حتى غلبت حشمته على حشمة الأمراء والوزراء ثم شرفت نفسه عن رذائل الدنيا فرفضها وأقبل على العبادة والسياحة فخرج إلى الحجاز سنة ثمان وثمانين واستوطن دمشق عشر سنين بمنارة الجامع وصنف فيها كتباً يقال إن الإحياء منها ثم القدس والإسكندرية وعاد إلى وطنه بطوس ثم أجاب الوزير فخر الدين بن نظام الملك إلى نظامية نيسابور، توفي في رابع عشر جمادى الآخرة سنة خمس وخمس مئة بالطابران قصبة بلاد طوس {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 491-492}. وتصفه دائرة المعارف الإسلامية بأنه لاهوتي وفقيه ومفكر ومتصوف ومصلح ديني بارز، وتقدّر بقاءه في الشام بنحو سنتين لا عشر، وتعدّ الإحياء أعظم كتبه، وتجعل خانقاهه في طوس مكان تدريب مريديه في آخر حياته.", "en": "Hujjat al-Islam al-Ghazali the Shafi'i, author of the Ihya' — of which al-Nawawi said that were all Islam's books lost and the Ihya' alone remained it would suffice; he died at Tus in 505 {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 221}. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, second edition, calls him an outstanding theologian, jurist, original thinker, mystic and religious reformer; he left his Baghdad chair in 488 AH/1095 CE, spent about two years in Syria and the Hijaz by its estimate, wrote the Ihya' in those years of retirement, returned briefly to teaching at Nishapur in 499 AH/1106 CE, and withdrew again to his khanqah at Tus before his death in Jumada II 505 AH.", "ur": "ابو حامد محمد بن محمد الغزالی طوسی، 450ھ/1058ء سے 505ھ/1111ء، جنھیں انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف اسلام ممتاز متکلم، فقیہ، مفکر، صوفی اور دینی مصلح کہتا ہے۔ انھوں نے 484ھ/1091ء میں بغداد کی نظامیہ میں تدریس شروع کی اور 488ھ/1095ء میں اسے چھوڑ کر تقریباً دو سال شام اور حجاز میں گزارے، اس گوشہ نشینی میں احیاء علوم الدین لکھی، 499ھ/1106ء میں نیشاپور میں مختصر مدت کے لیے تدریس کی طرف لوٹے، اور طوس کی خانقاہ میں انتقال سے پہلے دوبارہ گوشہ نشین ہو گئے۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "persia-central-asia", "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "edtf": "1058", "precision": "year", "status": "historical", "sources": [ "source/britannica-al-ghazali" ], "note": "Born at Tus (Britannica biography)." }, "died": { "edtf": "1111~", "hijri": "0505~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "بطوس 505هـ {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 221}", "sources": [ "source/shadharat-dhahab", "source/kashf-zunun-furqan" ] }, "wikidata": "Q9546", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "shafii" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abu-sad-al-naysaburi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-balansi-abu-al-hasan", "inverse": true }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/tus", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/tus", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/iljam-al-awam", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-iqtisad-fil-itiqad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ali-ibn-muslim-al-sulami", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ibn-al-razzaz-said", "inverse": true }, { "type": "criticised_by", "to": "person/ibn-rushd", "inverse": true }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-ghazali-damascus-retreat-488", "inverse": false, "role": "الزاهد مصنف الإحياء" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-ghazali-death-tus-1111", "inverse": false, "role": "المتوفّى" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-ghazali-leaves-baghdad-1095", "inverse": false, "role": "ترك منصبه في بغداد" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-ghazali-nizamiyya-baghdad-1091", "inverse": false, "role": "الأستاذ الأول في النظامية" }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "event/burning-of-ghazali-books-maghrib", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/ahl-al-hikma", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-mubdioune-program", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/albuyout-alamena", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/miftah-al-falah", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/reconstruction-religious-thought-islam", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/tarif-al-ahya-bi-fadail-al-ihya", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-hasan-al-basri", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أبو الحسن البصري", "en": "Abu al-Hasan al-Basri" }, "summary": { "ar": "واعظ مشهور في البصرة من التابعين في العصر الأموي، تذكر دائرة المعارف الإسلامية أنه عاش بين 21هـ/642م و110هـ/728م، وأن شهرته قامت على صدق شخصيته وعلى خطبه وأقواله في الزهد والتحذير من الدنيا. وتذكر أنه انتقد حكام العراق دون خوف لكنه لم يرض بالخروج عليهم، وأنه اتُّهم بمذهب القدر، وأن أهل السنة والمعتزلة والصوفية عدّوه منهم. أبو الحسن البصري الحسن بن يسار وكان اسم أبيه قيروز؛ كان من سبي ميسان هو وأخوه سعيد فصار لامرأة من الأنصار الربيع بنت النضر عمة أنس بن مالك ويقال جميلة امرأة أنس من بني سلمة فاعتقتهما فقال فولاؤنا لها وكان مولده بالمدينة سنتين بقيتا من خلافة عمر وخرج منها بعد صفين بسنة ومات بالبصرة سنة عشر ومائة وهو ابن تسع وثمانين سنة. وعند المسعودي بعث إليه عمر بن هبيرة سنة ثلاث ومائة مع الشعبي وابن سيرين فقال ابن سيرين والشعبي قولاً فيه تقية وقال الحسن خف الله في يزيد ولا تخف يزيد في الله إن الله يمنعك من يزيد وإن يزيد لا يمنعك من الله وأوشك أن يبعث إليك ملكاً فيزيلك عن سريرك ويخرجك من سعة قصرك إلى ضيق قبرك فلا تتركن دين الله وعباده بسلطان الله فإنه لا طاعة لمخلوق في معصية الخالق، فأضعف ابن هبيرة جائزته فقال الشعبي سفسفنا فسفسكت لنا {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 190}. وتوفي سنة عشر ومائة وله تسع وثمانون سنة وقيل تسعون واسم أبيه يسار مولى لامرأة من الأنصار {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 192}، وعند ابن النديم ولد لسنتين بقيتا من خلافة عمر وتوفي وله تسع وثمانون سنة سنة عشر ومائة، وكان يكتب للربيع بن زياد بخراسان ولأنس بن مالك بسابور، وكان ممن بايع لابن الأشعث فلما هزم دخل على الحجاج فعاتبه وأمنه ثم توارى حتى مات، ومن كتبه كتاب التفسير للقرآن وكتاب إلى عبد الملك بن مروان في الرد على القدرية {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 558-559}", "en": "A famous preacher of Basra among the Successors in the Umayyad period. The Encyclopaedia of Islam gives his years as 21/642 to 110/728 and says his fame rests on his sincere character and on sermons and sayings that warned against worldliness. It reports that he criticised the governors of Iraq without fear yet disapproved of rebelling against them, that he was accused of Qadari doctrine, and that Sunnis, Mu'tazilis and Sufis each claimed him as their own. Born at Medina two years before Umar's end per al-Mas'udi; he died at Basra in 110 aged eighty-nine.", "ur": "بصرہ کے مشہور واعظ جو اموی دور میں تابعین میں سے تھے۔ اسلامی دائرۃ المعارف ان کے سال 21ھ/642ء سے 110ھ/728ء بتاتی ہے اور کہتی ہے کہ ان کی شہرت ان کی دینی شخصیت کے اخلاص اور دنیا داری سے خبردار کرنے والے خطبوں اور اقوال پر قائم ہے۔ وہ بتاتی ہے کہ انھوں نے عراق کے گورنروں پر بے خوفی سے تنقید کی مگر ان کے خلاف بغاوت کو ناپسند کیا، ان پر قدری ہونے کا الزام لگا، اور اہل سنت، معتزلہ اور صوفیہ سب نے انھیں اپنا سمجھا۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "died": { "hijri": "0110", "edtf": "0728~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "الشيرازي: مات بالبصرة سنة عشر ومائة وهو ابن ثمان وثمانين سنة (PDF ص46). الملخص أعلاه يقول ابن تسع وثمانين؛ الاختلاف في العمر مسجل.", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "wikidata": "Q293500", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/basra", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/raid-of-ibn-abi-hadrad-on-batn-idam", "inverse": false, "role": "راوي خبر موت محلّم ولفظ الأرض له (مرسلاً)" }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/basra", "inverse": false }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-rabi-ibn-anas", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ashath-ibn-abd-al-malik-al-humrani", "inverse": true, "role": "من أصحاب الحسن (PDF ص48)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/dawud-ibn-abi-hind", "inverse": true, "role": "أخذ عن الحسن (PDF ص48)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/hisham-al-dastuwai", "inverse": true, "role": "من أصحاب الحسن (PDF ص48)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ismail-ibn-muslim-al-makki", "inverse": true, "role": "من أصحاب الحسن (PDF ص48)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/uthman-ibn-sulayman-al-bati", "inverse": true, "role": "أخذ عن الحسن (PDF ص49)" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/conquest-of-maysan", "inverse": false, "role": "من السبي" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/digging-of-nahr-adi", "inverse": false, "role": "المحمول على السد" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/sijistan-campaign-rabi", "inverse": false, "role": "الكاتب" }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/ahaleena", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/ahl-al-hikma", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-dar-al-akhera", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-dinu-al-qayem", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-fawzu-al-moubeen", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-manjeyat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/albuyout-alamena", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/bustan-el-amal", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/muktatafat-mena-al-seera", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/sharh-ketab-al-fawaed", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/silsilat-ebadu-al-rahman", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/tariq-al-noor", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-24-2244", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-jassas", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أبو بكر الجصاص الرازي", "en": "Abu Bakr al-Jassas al-Razi" }, "summary": { "ar": "الشيخ الإمام أبو بكر أحمد بن علي المعروف بالجصاص الرازي الحنفي المتوفى سنة ٣٧٠هـ؛ صاحب أحكام القرآن {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 212}.", "en": "Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali al-Razi, known as al-Jassas — the Hanafi jurist, author of Ahkam al-Quran, d. AH 370 {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 212}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "persia-central-asia" ], "died": { "edtf": "0980~", "hijri": "0370", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "سنة 370هـ؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 212}." }, "wikidata": "Q6820252", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "hanafi" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/rayy", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/ahkam-al-quran-jassas", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-kulayni", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "محمد بن يعقوب الكليني", "en": "Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni", "ur": "محمد بن یعقوب کلینی" }, "summary": { "ar": "محمد بن يعقوب الكليني أبو جعفر، محدث إمامي من قرية كلين قرب الري؛ تلمذ بقم ثم كان شيخ الإمامية بالري في زمانه عند النجاشي، وانتقل إلى بغداد نحو العقد الأول من القرن الرابع فأتم بها «الكافي» في عشرين سنة {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 5 p. 400-401}. يعد عند أحمد أمين من أفاضل الشيعة ورؤسائهم وهو عندهم كالبخاري عند أهل السنة ويسمونه «ثقة الإسلام»؛ «الكافي» فيه ستة عشر ألف حديث في ثلاثة أجزاء {cite:duha-islam p. 850, 891}. ومات ببغداد سنة ٣٢٨ أو ٣٢٩، والأرجح شعبان ٣٢٩/أيار 941 {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 5 p. 401}.", "en": "Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni, Abu Ja'far, the Imami traditionist from Kulayn near Rayy; schooled at Qumm, then shaykh of the Imamiyya of Rayy in al-Najashi's words, he moved to Baghdad about the first decade of the 4th century and there finished al-Kafi after twenty years' work {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 5 p. 400-401} — 'the Bukhari of the Shi'a', titled Thiqat al-Islam, his al-Kafi holding sixteen thousand hadiths {cite:duha-islam p. 850, 891}. Died at Baghdad 328 or 329, most likely Sha'ban 329/May 941 {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 5 p. 401}.", "ur": "محمد بن یعقوب کلینی، ابو جعفر، رے کے قریب گاؤں کلین کا امامی محدث؛ قم میں تلمذ حاصل کیا، پھر نجاشی کے بقول اپنے زمانے میں رے کے امامیہ کا شیخ تھا، اور چوتھی صدی کے پہلے عشرے میں بغداد منتقل ہو کر وہاں بیس سال کی محنت سے «الکافی» مکمل کی {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 5 p. 400-401} — شیعوں کے نزدیک ان کا وہی مقام ہے جو اہلِ سنت میں بخاری کا، انہیں «ثقۃ الاسلام» کہا جاتا ہے اور الکافی میں سولہ ہزار احادیث ہیں {cite:duha-islam p. 850, 891}۔ بغداد میں 328 یا 329ھ میں فوت ہوا، غالباً شعبان 329/مئی 941ء {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 5 p. 401}۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq", "persia-central-asia" ], "died": { "edtf": "0941-05~", "hijri": "0329-08~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "month", "status": "debated", "derived": true, "note": "مات ببغداد سنة ٣٢٨ أو ٣٢٩ {cite:duha-islam p. 891}؛ رجّح معجم الإسلام شعبان ٣٢٩/أيار 941 لتحديد الطوسي في الرجال {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 5 p. 401}؛ وتاريخ الإسلام يدرجه في سنة ٣٢٩ {cite:tarikh-islam-dhahabi p. 250}؛ التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/duha-islam", "source/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2", "source/tarikh-islam-dhahabi" ] }, "wikidata": "Q2973730", "status": "published", "traditions": [ "shia-twelver" ], "sections": [ "ukhra" ], "connections": [ { "type": "traveled_to", "to": "place/baghdad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/kulayn", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/baghdad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/muhammad-ibn-ali-alan", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/muhammad-ibn-ismail-al-naysaburi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-kafi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "member_of", "to": "group/jafari-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/kulayni-studies-qumm", "inverse": false, "role": "الطالب" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/kulayni-shaykh-rayy", "inverse": false, "role": "شيخ الإمامية" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/kulayni-moves-baghdad", "inverse": false, "role": "المنتقل المدرّس" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/kulayni-completes-kafi-328", "inverse": false, "role": "المصنّف" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/death-al-kulayni-329", "inverse": false, "role": "المتوفى" } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-mawardi", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "الماوردي", "en": "al-Mawardi", "ur": "ماوردی" }, "summary": { "ar": "الشيخ الإمام أبو الحسن علي بن محمد الماوردي البصري الشافعي المتوفى سنة ٤٥٠هـ؛ كان من وجوه فقهاء الشافعية وولي القضاء ببلدان كثيرة، وله تصانيف كثيرة في أصول الفقه وفروعه منها المقترن والنكت في التفسير والأحكام السلطانية وقوانين الوزراء والحكم والأمثال، وكان يقول «بسطت الفقه في أربعة آلاف ورقة وقد اختصرته في أربعين» يريد بالمبسوط الحاوي وبالختصر الإقناع {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.8 p.199}؛ وصاحب أعلام النبوة المختصر المشتمل على أحد وعشرين باباً {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 518}. ويحكي ابن الجوزي عنه أن الخليفة وجّهه إلى عماد الدين أبي كليجار بالأهواز سنة ٤٢٣ في أمر لقبه، فردّ «السلطان المعظم» إذ هو من ألقاب الخليفة نفسه، وسائر ما يرويه بضمير المتكلم من مفاوضته {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.8 p.407-409}. وفي رمضان ٤٢٩ امتنع من الجواز في لقب «ملك الملوك» لجلال الدولة فانقطع عن خدمته ثم استدعاه الملك بكرة العيد فأعظمه وقال له إنه لو حاباه لما زاد ما بينهما وإن مخالفته إنما كانت للدين {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.8 p.439-440}. وفي سنة ٤٣٤ كان رسول الخليفة بتوقيعه إلى جلال الدولة في شأن الجوالي — يقول «خرج التوقيع من الخليفة وكنت أنا الرسول» {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.8 p.455-456}، وفي ٤٣٥ رُسّل إلى طغربك بتقبيح ما فعل في البلاد والأمر بالإحسان في الرعية فتلقّاه طغربك أربعة فراسخ إجلالًا لرسالة الخليفة {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.8 p.457-458}.", "en": "Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Mawardi al-Shafi'i, d. AH 450 — author of A'lam al-Tubwa, a twenty-one-chapter epitome on the proofs of prophethood {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 518}.", "ur": "ابوالحسن علی بن محمد ماوردی شافعی، وفات 450ھ — «اعلام النبوۃ» کے مؤلف، نبوت کی دلائل پر اکیس بابوں پر مشتمل مختصر کتاب {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 518}۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "edtf": "0974~", "hijri": "0364", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "ولد بالبصرة سنة ٣٦٤هـ/974م {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 6 p. 896}؛ ويؤيده وفاته عن ست وثمانين سنة في ٤٥٠هـ {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.8 p.199-200}؛ التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2", "source/muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "1058-05-27", "hijri": "0450-03-30", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي في ربيع الأول سنة خمسين وأربعمائة بعد موت أبي الطيب بأحد عشر يوماً عن ست وثمانين سنة، ولم يكن أبرز شيئاً من مصنفاته في حياته حتى أوصى بها عند موته {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 294; kashf-zunun-furqan p. 518}؛ عند معجم الإسلام يوم ٣٠ ربيع الأول/27 أيار 1058م {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 6 p. 896}؛ التحويل مشتق." }, "wikidata": "Q335635", "status": "published", "sections": [ "shafii" ], "connections": [ { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/basra", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/baghdad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/alam-al-tubwa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-ahkam-al-sultaniyya-mawardi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/adab-al-dunya-wal-din", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/amthal-al-quran-mawardi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/tafsir-al-mawardi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/birth-al-mawardi-364", "inverse": false, "role": "المولود" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/mawardi-qadi-ustuwa-baghdad", "inverse": false, "role": "القاضي والمدرس" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/mawardi-envoy-ahwaz-423", "inverse": false, "role": "رسول الخليفة" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/shahanshah-laqab-429", "inverse": false, "role": "قاضي القضاة الممتنع من الجواز" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/mawardi-laqab-aqda-qudat-429", "inverse": false, "role": "صاحب اللقب" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/mawardi-jawali-envoy-434", "inverse": false, "role": "الرسول بالتوقيع" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/tughril-takes-rayy-435", "inverse": false, "role": "رسول الخليفة إلى طغربك" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/death-al-mawardi-450", "inverse": false, "role": "المتوفى" } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-muzani", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "المزني", "en": "al-Muzani" }, "summary": { "ar": "أبو إبراهيم إسماعيل بن يحيى المزني صاحب المختصر، من أصحاب محمد بن إدريس الشافعي وأخذ العلم عنه، توفي بمصر يوم الخميس لست بقين من شهر ربيع الأول سنة أربع وستين ومائتين {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 576-577}.", "en": "Abu Ibrahim Isma'il b. Yahya al-Muzani, author of the Mukhtasar and al-Shafi'i's great pupil — died in Egypt, Rabi' I 264 {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 576-577}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "died": { "hijri": "0264", "edtf": "0878~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "الشيرازي: مات بمصر سنة أربع وستين ومائتين (PDF ص51).", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "wikidata": "Q48703", "status": "published", "sections": [ "shafii", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/misr", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/al-shafii", "inverse": false, "role": "من أصحاب الشافعي، وقال فيه: ناصر مذهبي (PDF ص51)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-tabari", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ibn-khuzayma", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/uthman-ibn-said-al-anmati", "inverse": true, "role": "أخذ الفقه عن المزني (PDF ص55)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/zakariya-ibn-yahya-al-sajji", "inverse": true, "role": "أخذ عن المزني (PDF ص55)" } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-nawawi", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "الإمام النووي", "en": "Imam al-Nawawi" }, "summary": { "ar": "أبو زكريا يحيى النووي فقيه شافعي ومحدث، وُلد في المحرم سنة 631هـ في نوى جنوب دمشق، وجاء به أبوه إلى المدرسة الرواحية بدمشق سنة 649هـ. تولى مشيخة دار الحديث الأشرفية سنة 665هـ، وعاش متقشفاً ورفض الراتب، وانفرد برفض توقيع فتوى تجيز جبايات السلطان بيبرس فأخرجه من دمشق، وتوفي في نوى في رجب سنة 676هـ. من أبرز مصنفاته شرح صحيح مسلم، ومنهاج الطالبين، والروضة، والأذكار، ورياض الصالحين، والأربعون النووية، وقد عدّته دائرة المعارف الإسلامية من أعلى المراجع في المذهب الشافعي.", "en": "Abu Zakariyya Yahya al-Nawawi was a Shafi'i jurist and hadith scholar, born in Muharram 631 AH at Nawa south of Damascus and brought by his father to the Rawahiyya madrasa in Damascus in 649. He headed the Ashrafiyya dar al-hadith from 665, lived frugally and declined a salary, was alone in refusing to sign a fatwa approving Sultan Baybars's levies and was expelled from Damascus, and died at Nawa in Rajab 676. His best known works are the commentary on Sahih Muslim, Minhaj al-Talibin, the Rawda, al-Adhkar, Riyad al-Salihin and the Forty Hadiths, and the Encyclopaedia of Islam ranks him among the highest authorities of the Shafi'i school.", "ur": "ابو زکریا یحییٰ نووی شافعی فقیہ اور محدث تھے، محرم 631ھ میں دمشق کے جنوب میں نوى میں پیدا ہوئے اور والد انہیں 649ھ میں دمشق کے مدرسہ رواحیہ میں لائے۔ انہوں نے 665ھ میں دار الحدیث اشرفیہ کی مشیخت سنبھالی، سادگی سے رہے اور تنخواہ لینے سے انکار کیا، سلطان بیبرس کی وصولیوں کو جائز ٹھہرانے والے فتوے پر تنہا دستخط سے انکار کیا اور دمشق سے نکالے گئے، اور رجب 676ھ میں نوى میں فوت ہوئے۔ ان کی نمایاں تصانیف صحیح مسلم کی شرح، منہاج الطالبین، روضہ، الاذکار، ریاض الصالحین اور اربعین ہیں، اور اسلامی دائرۃ المعارف انہیں شافعی مذہب کی بلند ترین اسناد میں شمار کرتا ہے۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "edtf": "1233-10~", "hijri": "0631-01", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "month", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "ولد في المحرم سنة إحدى وثلاثين وستمائة {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 618}." }, "died": { "edtf": "1277-12~", "hijri": "0676-07-14", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي ليلة الأربعاء رابع عشري رجب سنة ست وسبعين، ودفن ببلده نوى {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 621}." }, "wikidata": "Q293571", "status": "published", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "shafii" ], "connections": [ { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/nawa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/nawa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/arbaun-nawawi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/sharh-sahih-muslim-al-nawawi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/birth-al-nawawi-631", "inverse": false, "role": "المولود" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-nawawi-damascus-649", "inverse": false, "role": "الطالب القادم" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-nawawi-hajj-651", "inverse": false, "role": "الحاج" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-nawawi-begins-writing-655", "inverse": false, "role": "المصنّف" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-nawawi-ashrafiyya-665", "inverse": false, "role": "شيخ دار الحديث" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-nawawi-minhaj-rawda-669", "inverse": false, "role": "المؤلف" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-nawawi-tahrir-671", "inverse": false, "role": "المؤلف" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-nawawi-baybars-expulsion-676", "inverse": false, "role": "المُمتنع عن التوقيع فالمنفيّ" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/death-al-nawawi-676", "inverse": false, "role": "المتوفَّى" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/jamal-al-din-al-mizzi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-mubdioune-program", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-quduri", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أبو الحسين القدوري أحمد بن محمد", "en": "Abu al-Husayn al-Quduri Ahmad ibn Muhammad" }, "summary": { "ar": "أبو الحسين أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن جعفر بن حمدان البغدادي القدوري، الفقيه شيخ الحنفية بالعراق، انتهت إليه رياسة المذهب وعظم جاهه وبعد صيته، وكان حسن العبارة في النظم؛ صنف في المذهب المختصر المشهور وغيره، وكان يناظر الشيخ أبا حامد الإسفراييني الفقيه الشافعي ويبالغ في تعظيمه؛ وكانت ولادته سنة اثنتين وستين وثلاثمائة، وتوفي ببغداد ودُفن من يومه بداره في درب أبي خلف ثم نُقل إلى تربة في شارع المنصور فدُفن بجانب أبي بكر الخوارزمي الفقيه الحنفي {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 233-234}.", "en": "Abu al-Husayn Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Quduri of Baghdad — head of Iraq's Hanafis and author of the celebrated Mukhtasar; a gifted prose-writer who debated Abu Hamid al-Isfarayini yet magnified him beyond measure. Born 362, he died on Sunday 5 Rajab 428 and was buried beside Abu Bakr al-Khwarizmi the Hanafi {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 233-234}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "born": { "edtf": "0972~", "hijri": "0362", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "ولادته سنة اثنتين وستين وثلاثمائة {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 233}." }, "died": { "edtf": "1037~", "hijri": "0428-07-05", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي يوم الأحد خامس رجب سنة ثمان وعشرين وأربعمائة ببغداد {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 233}." }, "status": "draft", "sections": [ "hanafi", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/baghdad", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-rabi-ibn-sulayman-al-muradi", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "الربيع بن سليمان المرادي", "en": "Al-Rabi ibn Sulayman al-Muradi" }, "summary": { "ar": "مؤذن جامع فسطاط مصر، صاحب الشافعي وراوية كتبه والثقة الثبت فيما يرويه؛ قال السبكي: لو تعارض هو وأبو إبراهيم المزني في رواية لقُدمت روايته لعلو قدره في النقل. ولد سنة أربع وسبعين ومائة واتصل بخدمة الشافعي وحمل عنه الكثير، وحدث عنه وعن عبد الله بن وهب وعبد الله بن يوسف التطيبي وأيوب بن سويد الرملي ويحيى بن حسان وأسد بن موسى؛ روى عنه أبو داود والنسائي وابن ماجة وأبو زرعة وأبو حاتم وابنه عبد الرحمن وزكريا الساجي والطحاوي وآخرهم أبو الفوارس السندي، وأخرج حديثه ابن خزيمة وابن حبان والحاكم. قال الشافعي له: ما أحبك إلىّ، وقال: ما خدمني أحد قط ما خدم مني الربيع بن سليمان، وقال: لو أمكنني أن أطعمك العلم لأطعمتك؛ ونقل القفال أنه كان بطيء الفهم فكرر الشافعي عليه مسألة أربعين مرة حتى فهم، وكانت الرحلة في كتب الشافعي إليه من الآفاق نحو مائتي رجل. مات يوم الاثنين ودُفن يوم الثلاثاء لإحدى وعشرين ليلة خلت من شوال سنة سبعين ومائتين، وصلى عليه الأمير خمارويه بن أحمد بن طولون {cite:tabaqat-shafiiyya-subki j.1 p.259-261}.", "en": "The muezzin of the congregational mosque of Fustat — al-Shafi'i's own companion and the transmitter of his books, a rock-solid thiqa in his transmission; al-Subki judges his riwaya preferred even over al-Muzani's. Born 174, he attached himself to al-Shafi'i's service and carried much from him; Abu Dawud, al-Nasa'i, Ibn Maja, Abu Zur'a, Abu Hatim, al-Tahawi and others transmitted from him, and Ibn Khuzayma, Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim printed his hadith. Al-Shafi'i said 'no one ever served me as al-Rabi' served me' and 'if I could feed you knowledge I would feed you'; some two hundred men journeyed to him for al-Shafi'i's books. He died on 21 Shawwal 270 and the Amir Khumarawayh ibn Tulun himself prayed over him {cite:tabaqat-shafiiyya-subki j.1 p.259-261}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "egypt-nile" ], "born": { "hijri": "0174", "edtf": "0790", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "ولد سنة 174هـ (السبكي). التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-shafiiyya-subki" ] }, "died": { "hijri": "0270-10-21", "edtf": "0884", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي الاثنين لإحدى وعشرين ليلة خلت من شوال 270هـ؛ صلى عليه خمارويه بن طولون (السبكي). التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-shafiiyya-subki" ] }, "status": "draft", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "shafii", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/ramla", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/al-shafii", "inverse": false, "role": "صاحبه وراوية كتبه" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-tabari", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ibn-khuzayma", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-rafii-al-qazwini", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "الرافعي القزويني", "en": "al-Rafi'i al-Qazwini" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لعبد الكريم الرافعي القزويني، فقيه الشافعية في القرن الثالث عشر صاحب «العزيز شرح الوجيز»، توفي سنة ١٢٢٦م؛ تذكره كتب التراجم ولم تُراجع ترجمته على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Abd al-Karim al-Rafi'i al-Qazwini, the thirteenth-century Shafi'i jurist author of al-Aziz sharh al-Wajiz, d. 1226; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "persia-central-asia" ], "born": { "edtf": "1160", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: al-Subki (Tabaqat)" }, "died": { "edtf": "1226", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: al-Subki (Tabaqat)" }, "wikidata": "Q12177809", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "shafii" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/qazwin", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "person/al-shafii", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "محمد بن إدريس الشافعي", "en": "Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i" }, "summary": { "ar": "إمام المذهب الشافعي المطلبي، ولد سنة 150هـ/767م في غزة أو عسقلان أو اليمن بحسب الروايات، ونشأ يتيمًا في مكة، ولازم مالك بن أنس في المدينة، ثم مرّ بمحنة بين يدي هارون الرشيد وعاش في العراق، واستقر أخيرًا في الفسطاط حيث كتب النسخة الباقية من الرسالة وأكثر كتاب الأم. توفي سنة 204هـ/820م ودُفن عند سفح المقطم. وتعدّ مقالة دائرة المعارف الإسلامية إسهامه في أصول الفقه تحديدًا للأصول وترتيبًا لها، ومنها حصر السنة في ما ثبت عن النبي وتنظيم القياس. وفي الصفحة أيضًا ما رواه السيوطي والمسعودي عن وفاته ومكانته.", "en": "Imam of the Shafi'i school, born in 150/767 at Gaza, Ashkelon or Yemen according to different reports, raised an orphan in Mecca, a pupil of Malik ibn Anas in Medina, who passed through a crisis before Harun al-Rashid, lived in Iraq, and finally settled at Fustat, where he wrote the surviving Risala and most of the Umm. He died in 204/820 and was buried at the foot of the Muqattam hills. The Encyclopaedia of Islam article describes his contribution to legal theory as defining and ranking the sources, including limiting the Sunna to what is firmly reported of the Prophet and systematising analogy. The page also keeps what al-Suyuti and al-Mas'udi report of his death and standing.", "ur": "شافعی مذہب کے امام، 150ھ/767ء میں مختلف روایات کے مطابق غزہ، عسقلان یا یمن میں پیدا ہوئے، مکہ میں یتیمی میں پلے، مدینہ میں مالک بن انس کے شاگرد رہے، ہارون الرشید کے سامنے ایک ابتلا سے گزرے، عراق میں رہے، اور آخر میں فسطاط میں بسے جہاں انھوں نے رسالہ کا موجودہ نسخہ اور الام کا بڑا حصہ لکھا۔ ان کی وفات 204ھ/820ء میں ہوئی اور وہ مقطم کے دامن میں دفن ہوئے۔ انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف اسلام کا مقالہ اصول فقہ میں ان کی خدمت کو ماخذ کی تعریف اور ترتیب بتاتا ہے، جس میں سنت کو نبی سے ثابت امور تک محدود کرنا اور قیاس کو منظم کرنا شامل ہے۔ صفحے میں سیوطی اور مسعودی کی ان کی وفات اور مقام سے متعلق روایات بھی محفوظ ہیں۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "born": { "edtf": "0767", "precision": "year", "status": "historical", "sources": [ "source/britannica-al-shafii" ], "note": "Born 767 (Britannica biography)." }, "died": { "edtf": "0820-01-20", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "sources": [ "source/britannica-al-shafii" ], "note": "Died 20 January 820 at al-Fustat (Britannica biography)." }, "wikidata": "Q294281", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "aima", "shafii" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abd-al-aziz-ibn-imran-al-khuzai", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abd-al-aziz-ibn-yahya-al-kinani", "inverse": true, "role": "أخذ عنه وطالت صحبته (داود بن علي، PDF ص54)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abd-al-hamid-kabd", "inverse": true, "role": "من أصحابه المصريين، روى عن الشافعي (PDF ص54)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abu-thawr-al-kalbi", "inverse": true, "role": "أخذ الفقه عن الشافعي (PDF ص49)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abu-thawr", "inverse": true, "role": "اختلف إليه لما قدم بغداد ورجع عن الرأي إلى الحديث (الخطيب عند السبكي)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ahmad-ibn-hanbal", "inverse": true, "role": "من أصحاب الشافعي البغداديين (PDF ص53)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ahmad-ibn-yahya-al-mutakallim", "inverse": true, "role": "من كبار أصحاب الشافعي (PDF ص54)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-buwayti", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-hasan-ibn-muhammad-al-zafarani", "inverse": true, "role": "من أصحاب الشافعي البغداديين (PDF ص53)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-humaydi-abd-allah-ibn-al-zubayr", "inverse": true, "role": "رحل مع الشافعي إلى مصر ولزمه حتى مات (PDF ص53)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-muzani", "inverse": true, "role": "من أصحاب الشافعي، وقال فيه: ناصر مذهبي (PDF ص51)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-rabi-ibn-sulayman-al-jizi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-rabi-ibn-sulayman-al-muadhdhin", "inverse": true, "role": "يروي كتبه، وقال الشافعي: الربيع راويتي (PDF ص52)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-rabi-ibn-sulayman-al-muradi", "inverse": true, "role": "صاحبه وراوية كتبه" }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/gaza", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/al-fustat", "inverse": false }, { "type": "buried_in", "to": "building/mausoleum-of-imam-al-shafii", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/ikhtilaf-al-hadith-shafii", "inverse": false }, { "type": "founder_of", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-zafarani", "inverse": true, "role": "يتولى القراءة على الشافعي في مجلسه؛ من رواة القديم" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ali-ibn-jafar-al-madini", "inverse": true, "role": "كتب عن الشافعي (الشيرازي، PDF ص54)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/muhammad-ibn-abd-allah-ibn-abd-al-hakam", "inverse": true, "role": "صحب الشافعي وتفقه به (PDF ص52)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/musa-ibn-abi-al-jarud", "inverse": true, "role": "من أصحاب الشافعي المكيين (PDF ص53)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/sulayman-ibn-dawud-al-hashimi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/ahkam-al-quran-shafii", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-burhan-fi-usul-al-fiqh", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-dar-al-akhera", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-dinu-al-qayem", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-manjeyat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-naba-al-safi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/albuyout-alamena", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/maalim-al-sunan", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/muktatafat-mena-al-seera", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/silsilat-ebadu-al-rahman", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/silsilat-qissa-wa-ebra", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/tariq-al-noor", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/wa-nafsun-ma-sawaha", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-077", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-088", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-540", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-584", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-587", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-2-615", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-2-629", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-4-797", "inverse": true }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "concept/hujjiyyat-al-sunna", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-shirazi-faqih", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "الشيرازي", "en": "al-Shirazi" }, "summary": { "ar": "إبراهيم بن علي الشيرازي الفيروزآبادي، أبو إسحاق، فقيه الشافعية ومفتي الأمة في عصره، درّس بالنظامية ببغداد؛ توفي سنة 476هـ ⁦(1083م)⁩.", "en": "Ibrahim ibn Ali al-Shirazi “Abu Ishaq” (1003–1083), Shafi'i jurist and chief of the Baghdad Nizamiyya, author of al-Muhadhdhab." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "persia-central-asia", "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "edtf": "1003", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: al-Subki (Tabaqat)" }, "died": { "edtf": "1083", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: al-Subki (Tabaqat)" }, "wikidata": "Q3603848", "status": "published", "sections": [ "shafii" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/shiraz", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-tahawi", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أبو جعفر الطحاوي", "en": "Abu Ja'far al-Tahawi" }, "summary": { "ar": "إمام محدث فقيه حنفي مصري من الأزد، قيل إنه أخذ العلم عن نحو ثلاثمئة شيخ؛ له «مشكل الآثار» و«معاني الآثار» و«العقيدة الطحاوية».", "en": "A Hanafi hadith scholar and jurist of Egypt from the tribe of Azd, said to have taken knowledge from about three hundred teachers; author of Mushkil al-Athar, Ma'ani al-Athar and the Tahawi creed." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "egypt-nile" ], "born": { "hijri": "0239", "status": "tradition", "note": "Date from the short biography in the Dar Ibn Hazm edition; one source, a second is needed before promotion.", "sources": [ "source/aqida-tahawiyya" ] }, "died": { "hijri": "0321", "status": "tradition", "note": "Died in Egypt in 321 AH according to the same biography; one source, a second is needed.", "sources": [ "source/aqida-tahawiyya" ] }, "wikidata": "Q293771", "status": "draft", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "hanafi" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/misr", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/aqida-tahawiyya", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/ahkam-al-quran-tahawi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-2-627", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/al-zafarani", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "الزعفراني", "en": "Al-Za'farani" }, "summary": { "ar": "إمام بغدادي فقيه محدث فصيح، أحد رواة مذهب الشافعي القديم — قال الماوردي: هو أنبت رواة القديم. كان يتولى القراءة على الشافعي في مجلسه يحضره أحمد وأبو ثور، وقال: قدم علينا الشافعي فاجتمعنا إليه فقال التمسوا من يقرأ لكم فلم يجترئ أحد أن يقرأ عليه غيري، فقرأت عليه الكتب كلها إلا كتابين قرأهما عليّ: المناسك والصلاة. سمع من سفيان بن عيينة والشافعي وعبيدة بن حميد وعبد الوهاب الثقفي ويزيد بن هارون، وروى عنه البخاري وأبو داود والترمذي والنسائي وابن ماجة وابن خزيمة وأبو عوانة، وقال النسائي: ثقة. نُسب إلى قرية بالسواد اسمها الزعفرانية، وسُمي ببغداد درب الزعفران به وبه مسجد الشافعي الذي درّس فيه الشيرازي. توفي في شهر رمضان سنة ستين ومائتين {cite:tabaqat-shafiiyya-subki j.1 p.250-258}.", "en": "A Baghdad imam — jurist, hadith scholar and master of eloquence — counted among the transmitters of al-Shafi'i's 'old' (Iraqi) corpus; al-Mawardi called him 'the most flourishing of the qadim transmitters'. He was the reader in al-Shafi'i's circle attended by Ahmad and Abu Thawr: 'when al-Shafi'i came to us none dared read to him but me, and I read him all the books save two he read to me.' He heard Ibn 'Uyayna, 'Ubayda b. Humayd and Yazid b. Harun; the Six-save-Muslim transmitted from him, and al-Nasa'i graded him thiqa. Baghdad's Darb al-Za'faran took its name from him and held the mosque where al-Shirazi taught. He died in Ramadan 260 {cite:tabaqat-shafiiyya-subki j.1 p.250-258}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "hijri": "0154", "edtf": "0771", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "مولده سنة 154هـ (السبكي). التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-shafiiyya-subki" ] }, "died": { "hijri": "0260-09", "edtf": "0874", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "month", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي في شهر رمضان سنة 260هـ (السبكي). التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-shafiiyya-subki" ] }, "status": "draft", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "shafii" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/shiraz", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/al-shafii", "inverse": false, "role": "يتولى القراءة على الشافعي في مجلسه؛ من رواة القديم" } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/ala-al-din-al-kasani", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "علاء الدين الكاساني", "en": "Ala' al-Din al-Kasani", "ur": "علاء الدین کاسانی" }, "summary": { "ar": "علاء الدين أبو بكر بن مسعود بن أحمد الكاساني، الملقّب «ملك العلماء»، فقيه حنفي نسبته إلى كاسان وراء الشاش، تفقّه على علاء الدين السمرقندي وصنّف «بدائع الصنائع» وزوّجه شيخه ابنته الفقيهة فاطمة، ثم جاء رسولاً من ملك الروم إلى نور الدين محمود بحلب، فولّاه التدريس بالمدرسة الحلاوية، وبها أقام حتى مات سنة 587هـ ودفن عند زوجته بظاهر حلب. {cite:badai-sanai-ilmiyya-v1 p.74} {cite:badai-sanai-ilmiyya-v1 p.75} {cite:badai-sanai-ilmiyya-v1 p.76}", "en": "Ala' al-Din Abu Bakr ibn Mas'ud ibn Ahmad al-Kasani, called 'King of the Scholars', a Hanafi jurist from Kasan beyond al-Shash, studied with Ala' al-Din al-Samarqandi, wrote Bada'i' al-Sana'i' and married his teacher's learned daughter Fatima; he later came as an envoy of the ruler of Rum to Nur al-Din Mahmud at Aleppo, who appointed him to teach at the Halawiyya madrasa, where he stayed until his death in 587 AH; he was buried beside his wife outside Aleppo.", "ur": "علاء الدین ابو بکر بن مسعود بن احمد کاسانی، جن کا لقب «ملک العلماء» تھا، شاش کے پار کاسان کے حنفی فقیہ؛ انہوں نے علاء الدین سمرقندی سے فقہ پڑھی، «بدائع الصنائع» لکھی اور ان کے استاد نے اپنی فقیہ بیٹی فاطمہ سے ان کی شادی کی؛ پھر وہ روم کے بادشاہ کے سفیر بن کر حلب میں نور الدین محمود کے پاس آئے، جنہوں نے انہیں مدرسہ حلاویہ میں تدریس پر مقرر کیا، جہاں وہ 587ھ میں وفات تک رہے، اور حلب کے باہر اپنی بیوی کے پاس دفن ہوئے۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "persia-central-asia", "levant-iraq" ], "died": { "hijri": "0587-07-10", "edtf": "1191", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "Ibn al-Adim, from Khalifa ibn Sulayman: he died on Sunday 10 Rajab 587 AH after the noon prayer, as quoted in the editors' introduction (badai-sanai-ilmiyya-v1 p. 76). Gregorian year derived.", "sources": [ "source/badai-sanai-ilmiyya-v1" ] }, "wikidata": "Q12227537", "status": "published", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "hanafi" ], "connections": [ { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/kasan", "inverse": false, "role": "nisba to Kasan beyond al-Shash (editors' note p. 74); birthplace not stated" }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ala-al-din-al-samarqandi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "spouse_of", "to": "person/fatima-al-samarqandi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/aleppo", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/aleppo", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/badai-al-sanai", "inverse": false }, { "type": "member_of", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/dawud-al-zahiri", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "داود الظاهري" }, "summary": { "ar": "داود بن علي الأصبهاني المعروف بداود الظاهري؛ ولد بالكوفة نحو سنة ٢٠٠هـ ونشأ ببغداد وتوفي بها سنة ٢٧٠هـ، درس مذهب الشافعي وتعصب له وألّف في مناقبه، ثم استقل بمذهب يعرف بمذهب الظاهرية تبعه كثير من الناس خصوصاً في فارس والأندلس؛ أنكر القياس وتمسك بظاهر الكتاب والسنة، ولم يُبح القياس إلا حيث نُص على العلة، وقد هاجم القياسيين وبيّن ما ألجأهم إليه القياس من خطأ في الأحكام {cite:duha-islam p. 567-568}.", "en": "Dawud ibn Ali al-Isbahani — Kufa-born (c. 200), Baghdad-bred (d. 270); a zealous Shafi'i who wrote al-Shafi'i's virtues then broke away to found the literalist Zahiri school, rejecting qiyas and holding to the evident text {cite:duha-islam p. 567-568}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "edtf": "0815~", "hijri": "0200~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/duha-islam" ], "note": "وُلد بالكوفة نحو سنة ٢٠٠هـ." }, "died": { "edtf": "0884", "hijri": "0270", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/duha-islam" ], "note": "توفي ببغداد سنة ٢٧٠هـ." }, "wikidata": "Q3196955", "status": "draft", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "ukhra" ], "connections": [ { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/baghdad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "buried_in", "to": "place/al-chunizia", "inverse": false }, { "type": "founder_of", "to": "group/zahiri-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/hafs-ibn-ghiyath", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "حفص بن غياث", "en": "Hafs ibn Ghiyath" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لحفص بن غياث النخعي، قاضي الكوفة وبغداد في العهد العباسي والحافظ الثقة؛ لم تُراجع ترجمته على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Hafs ibn Ghiyath al-Nakha'i, the Abbasid qadi of Kufa and Baghdad and reliable hadith master; his entry is not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "edtf": "0735", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true }, "died": { "edtf": "0810", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true }, "wikidata": "Q31305113", "status": "published", "sections": [ "hanafi", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ahmad-ibn-abi-al-hawari", "inverse": true }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/baghdad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/hammad-ibn-abi-hanifa", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "حماد بن أبي حنيفة", "en": "Hammad ibn Abi Hanifa" }, "summary": { "ar": "أبو إسماعيل حماد بن الإمام أبي حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت؛ كان على مذهب أبيه ومن أهل الصلاح والخير على قدم عظيم؛ لما توفي أبوه أصرّ على تسليم الودائع التي عنده من ذهب وفضة لأربابها فزنّها القاضي وقبضها لتبرأ ذمة أبيه؛ كان ولده إسماعيل قاضي البصرة فعُزل عنها بالقاضي يحيى بن أكثم {cite:wafayat-ayan}.", "en": "Hammad b. Abi Hanifa — the great imam's son, on his father's school; famous for insisting the deposits left at his father's death be weighed and handed to the qadi to clear his father's obligation; his own son Isma'il was qadi of Basra {cite:wafayat-ayan}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "died": { "edtf": "0792", "hijri": "0176", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "month", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي في ذي القعدة سنة ست وسبعين ومائة {cite:wafayat-ayan}." }, "wikidata": "Q108143136", "status": "published", "sections": [ "hanafi", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/ibn-abidin", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "ابن عابدين", "en": "Ibn Abidin" }, "summary": { "ar": "محمد أمين بن عمر بن عبد العزيز عابدين، الدمشقي، فقيه الديار الشامية وإمام الحنفية في عصره، صاحب «رد المحتار على الدر المختار» المشهور بحاشية ابن عابدين. وذكر المدخل ابنه محمد علاء الدين ⁦(1244-1306 هـ)⁩، المعروف أيضاً بابن عابدين، صاحب «قرة عيون الأخيار» تكملة حاشية أبيه. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1603}", "en": "Muhammad Amin ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz Ibn Abidin of Damascus, the leading Hanafi of the Levant in his time, author of Radd al-muhtar 'ala al-Durr al-mukhtar, known as Hashiyat Ibn Abidin. The entry also names his son Muhammad 'Ala' al-Din (1244-1306 AH), author of Qurrat 'uyun al-akhyar, a supplement to the father's gloss. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1603}" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "died": { "hijri": "1252", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3" ], "note": "Dates as given in the appendix: 1198-1252 AH; the son Muhammad Ala' al-Din (1244-1306 AH) is named in the same entry and not separately created here." }, "status": "published", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "hanafi" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/damascus", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/radd-al-muhtar", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/nashr-al-urf", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/tanbih-al-ruqud", "inverse": false }, { "type": "member_of", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/ibn-al-humam", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "الكمال بن الهمام", "en": "Ibn al-Humam" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لكمال الدين محمد بن عبد الواحد السيواسي ابن الهمام، فقيه حنفي القرن الخامس عشر صاحب «فتح القدير»، توفي سنة ١٤٥٧م؛ تذكره كتب التراجم ولم تُراجع ترجمته على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Kamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahid al-Siwasi Ibn al-Humam, the fifteenth-century Hanafi polymath author of Fath al-Qadir, d. 1457; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "egypt-nile" ], "born": { "edtf": "1388", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: al-Daw' al-Lami" }, "died": { "edtf": "1457", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: al-Daw' al-Lami" }, "wikidata": "Q20384774", "status": "published", "sections": [ "hanafi" ], "connections": [ { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/badr-al-din-al-ayni", "inverse": false }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/alexandria", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/cairo", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/ibn-hajar-al-asqalani", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "شيخ الإسلام ابن حجر العسقلاني" }, "summary": { "ar": "محدث ومؤرخ وقاضي قضاة مصري، وُلد بالقاهرة سنة 773هـ/1372م وتوفي سنة 852هـ/1449م. درس الحديث على العراقي، وتولى التدريس في الخانقاه البيبرسية والإفتاء ومكتبة المحمودية، وشغل قضاء القضاة نحو واحد وعشرين عاماً مع عزل وإعادة متكررين. اشتهر بفتح الباري شرح صحيح البخاري، وبالإصابة وتهذيب التهذيب ولسان الميزان والدرر الكامنة وإنباء الغمر. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 765,774,781} {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 3 p. 808}", "en": "Egyptian hadith scholar, historian and chief judge, born in Cairo in 773/1372 and died in 852/1449. He studied hadith under al-Iraqi, taught at the Baybarsiyya khanqah, served as mufti and librarian of the Mahmudiyya, and held the chief judgeship for about twenty-one years in all, with repeated dismissals and reinstatements. He is known for Fath al-Bari on al-Bukhari's Sahih, and for al-Isaba, Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, Lisan al-Mizan, al-Durar al-Kamina and Inba' al-Ghumr. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 765,774,781} {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 3 p. 808}", "ur": "مصری محدث، مؤرخ اور قاضی القضاۃ، جو 773ھ/1372ء میں قاہرہ میں پیدا ہوئے اور 852ھ/1449ء میں فوت ہوئے۔ انہوں نے عراقی سے حدیث پڑھی، خانقاہ بیبرسیہ میں پڑھایا، مفتی اور کتب خانہ محمودیہ کے منتظم رہے، اور بار بار معزولی اور بحالی کے ساتھ کل تقریباً اکیس سال قاضی القضاۃ رہے۔ وہ صحیح بخاری کی شرح فتح الباری، اور الاصابہ، تہذیب التہذیب، لسان المیزان، الدرر الکامنہ اور انباء الغمر کے لیے مشہور ہیں۔ {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 765,774,781} {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 3 p. 808}" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "born": { "edtf": "1372-02-18~", "hijri": "0773-08-12", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "ولد بمصر ثاني عشر شعبان سنة 773 {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 270}؛ وعند دائرة المعارف ٢٢ شعبان ٧٧٣/٢٨ فبراير ١٣٧٢م {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 3 p. 808}؛ التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/shadharat-dhahab", "source/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "1449-02-22~", "hijri": "0852-12-18", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي ليلة السبت ثامن عشر ذي الحجة 852 ودفن بالرميلة وكانت جنازته حافلة مشهورة {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 273} ≈ ٢٢ فبراير ١٤٤٩م {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 3 p. 810}؛ التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/shadharat-dhahab", "source/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2" ] }, "wikidata": "Q471116", "status": "published", "sections": [ "shafii" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-sakhawi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/al-zarkashi-al-baghdadi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ibn-al-qattan-al-misri", "inverse": false }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/cairo", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/cairo", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/birth-ibn-hajar-773", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-hajar-orphan-777", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-hajar-hajj-784", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-hajar-hadith-turn-796", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-hajar-marriage-798", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-hajar-rihla-799", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-hajar-taliq-al-taliq-804", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-hajar-shaykhuniyya-808", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-hajar-baybarsiyya-813", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-hajar-qadi-827", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/fath-al-bari-complete-842", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/death-ibn-hajar-852", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/ilam-bi-man-wala-misr", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/raf-al-isr-qudat-misr", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-isaba-fi-tamyiz-al-sahaba", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/taqi-al-din-al-fasi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-sakhawi-first-hearing-838", "inverse": false, "role": "المحدِّث" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-sakhawi-imla-846", "inverse": false, "role": "المُملي" }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "event/fath-al-bari-yemen-901", "inverse": true, "role": "مؤلف الكتاب الواصل" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-al-mulaqqin-fire-803", "inverse": false, "role": "الشاهد المعزِّي بالشعر" }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-011", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-066", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-071", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-292", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-314", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-495", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-544", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-3-653", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/ibn-hazm", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "أبو محمد ابن حزم الأندلسي" }, "summary": { "ar": "الحافظ أبو محمد علي بن أحمد بن حزم الأندلسي، إمام الظاهرية وصاحب طوق الحمامة والفصل في الملل والأهواء والنحل؛ ورد في نفح الطيب أن أديباً كتب إليه فأجابه ابن حزم وأنشد فيه يصف خيالاً طرقه {cite:nafh-tib-maqqari}. وذكر ابن غالب أن بني حزم بيت غير البيت الذي منه أبو محمد بن حزم الحافظ الظاهري وهو فارسي الأصل {cite:nafh-tib-maqqari p. 327}. وقال ابن حيان وغيره: كان صاحب حديث وفقه وجدل وله كتب كثيرة في المنطق والفلسفة، وكان شافعي المذهب يناضل الفقهاء عن مذهبه ثم صار ظاهرياً فوضع الكتب في هذا المذهب وثبت عليه إلى أن مات، وشنع عليه الفقهاء وأقصاه الملوك، وقال صاعد في تاريخه: كان ابن حزم أجمع أهل الأندلس قاطبة لعلوم الإسلام وأوسعهم معرفة، وأخبره ابنه الفضل أنه اجتمع عنده بخط أبيه من تواليفه نحو أربعمائة مجلد، وقال الغزالي: وجدت في أسماء الله كتاباً لأبي محمد ابن حزم يدل على عظم حفظه وسيلان ذهنه؛ ولد بقرطبة بربض منية المغيرة آخر ليلة الأربعاء آخر يوم من رمضان سنة أربع وثمانين وثلاثمائة وتوفي بالبادية بقرية منت لشم عشية الأحد لليلتين بقيتا من شعبان سنة ست وخمسين وأربعمائة {cite:nafh-tib-maqqari p. 80-81}. وتصفه دائرة المعارف الإسلامية بأنه شاعر ومؤرخ وفقيه وفيلسوف ومتكلم أندلسي، وزر في السنوات المضطربة الأخيرة من الخلافة الأموية في قرطبة ثم تفرغ للدرس والتأليف والتعليم.", "en": "Abu Muhammad Ali b. Ahmad Ibn Hazm, the Zahiri imam of al-Andalus, author of Tawq al-Hamama and al-Fisal {cite:nafh-tib-maqqari}. Born at Cordoba in 384/994 and died at Manta Lisham in 456/1064, he was an Andalusian poet, historian, jurist, philosopher and theologian. He served as vizier in the troubled last years of the Umayyad caliphate of Cordoba, then withdrew to study, writing and teaching. The Encyclopaedia of Islam says he applied the Zahiri method to law, logic, theology and the history of religions.", "ur": "ابو محمد علی بن احمد بن حزم، اندلس کے ظاہری امام، طوق الحمامہ اور الفصل کے مصنف۔ وہ 384ھ/994ء میں قرطبہ میں پیدا ہوئے اور 456ھ/1064ء میں منت لشم میں فوت ہوئے؛ شاعر، مؤرخ، فقیہ، فلسفی اور متکلم تھے۔ اموی خلافت قرطبہ کے آخری پرآشوب برسوں میں وزیر رہے، پھر مطالعے، تصنیف اور تدریس کی طرف لوٹ گئے۔ انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف اسلام کے مطابق انہوں نے ظاہری طریقہ فقہ، منطق، کلام اور ادیان کی تاریخ پر لاگو کیا." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "andalus-europe" ], "born": { "edtf": "0994~", "hijri": "0384-09-30", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "ولد بقرطبة بربض منية المغيرة آخر ليلة الأربعاء آخر يوم من رمضان سنة أربع وثمانين وثلاثمائة {cite:nafh-tib-maqqari p. 80}." }, "died": { "edtf": "1064~", "hijri": "0456-08-28", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "مات مشرداً عن بلده من قبل الدولة ببادية لبلة بقرية منت لشم عشية الأحد لليلتين بقيتا من شعبان سنة ست وخمسين وأربعمائة عن اثنتين وسبعين سنة {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 306; nafh-tib-maqqari p. 81}." }, "wikidata": "Q317787", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "ukhra" ], "connections": [ { "type": "child_of", "to": "person/ahmad-ibn-said-ibn-hazm", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/al-andalus", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/tawq-al-hamama", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-ihkam-fi-usul-al-ahkam", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-hazm-birth-cordoba-384", "inverse": false, "role": "المولود" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-hazm-death-in-exile-456", "inverse": false, "role": "المنفيّ المتوفّى" }, { "type": "member_of", "to": "group/zahiri-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "debated_with", "to": "person/ibn-naghrila", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/albuyout-alamena", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/asdaf-al-loaloa", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/ibn-qudama-al-maqdisi", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "ابن قدامة المقدسي", "en": "Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi" }, "summary": { "ar": "موفق الدين أبو محمد عبد الله بن أحمد بن محمد بن قدامة المقدسي ثم الدمشقي الصالحي ⁦(541–620هـ)⁩، شيخ الحنابلة في زمانه وصاحب «المغني» و«الكافي» و«المقنع» و«العمدة» و«روضة الناظر» و«لمعة الاعتقاد». ولد بجمّاعيل من أرض نابلس، وقدم دمشق مع أهله وله عشر سنين، ورحل إلى بغداد سنة 561هـ مع ابن خالته الحافظ عبد الغني فقرأ على الشيخ عبد القادر الجيلاني مدة يسيرة ثم لازم أبا الفتح ابن المنّي. ينقل ابن رجب في ترجمته ثناء ابن النجار وأبي شامة وعمر بن الحاجب وابن الصلاح والعز بن عبد السلام وابن تيمية عليه، ويصف طريقته في أصول الدين على طريقة أئمة الحديث في إمرار الصفات من غير تأويل ولا تكييف. توفي يوم عيد الفطر سنة 620هـ بمنزله بدمشق ودفن بسفح قاسيون {cite:dhayl-tabaqat-hanabila-faqi-v2 p. 133-142}.", "en": "Muwaffaq al-Din Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi, later of Damascus and al-Salihiyya (541–620 AH), the leading Hanbali of his time and author of al-Mughni, al-Kafi, al-Muqni', al-Umda, Rawdat al-Nazir and Lum'at al-I'tiqad. Born at Jamma'il in the land of Nablus, he came to Damascus with his family aged ten and travelled to Baghdad in 561 AH with his cousin the hafiz Abd al-Ghani, studying briefly with Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani and then closely with Abu al-Fath Ibn al-Manni. Ibn Rajab's entry gathers the praise of Ibn al-Najjar, Abu Shama, Umar ibn al-Hajib, Ibn al-Salah, al-Izz ibn Abd al-Salam and Ibn Taymiyya, and describes his creed as following the hadith imams in passing over the divine attributes as they came, without figurative interpretation or asking how. He died on the day of Eid al-Fitr 620 AH at his home in Damascus and was buried on the slope of Qasyun." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "hijri": "0541", "edtf": "1146~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "وُلد بجمّاعيل سنة 541هـ، بحسب مقدمة محقق لمعة الاعتقاد (ط2، 1443هـ)؛ وعند ابن رجب في شعبان من السنة {cite:dhayl-tabaqat-hanabila-faqi-v2 p. 133}؛ التحويل الميلادي مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/lumat-al-itiqad-ibn-uraiyir-2022", "source/dhayl-tabaqat-hanabila-faqi-v2" ] }, "died": { "hijri": "0620-10-01", "edtf": "1223-10-28", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي بدمشق سنة 620هـ، بحسب مقدمة محقق لمعة الاعتقاد (ط2، 1443هـ)؛ التحويل الميلادي مشتق. وذُكر أنه توفي يوم السبت يوم عيد الفطر، ودُفن بسفح قاسيون (ط2، ص40). وتذكر الشذرات أنه توفي في يوم عيد الفطر سنة عشرين وستمائة {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 88-92}. وعند ابن رجب: توفي يوم السبت يوم عيد الفطر سنة عشرين وستمائة بمنزله بدمشق، وصُلّي عليه من الغد وحمل إلى سفح قاسيون فدفن به {cite:dhayl-tabaqat-hanabila-faqi-v2 p. 142}؛ وأول شوال 620هـ يوافق نحو 28 أكتوبر 1223م بالحساب الجدولي (مشتق).", "sources": [ "source/lumat-al-itiqad-ibn-uraiyir-2022", "source/shadharat-dhahab", "source/dhayl-tabaqat-hanabila-faqi-v2" ] }, "wikidata": "Q785506", "status": "published", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "hanbali" ], "connections": [ { "type": "sibling_of", "to": "person/abu-umar-al-maqdisi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-fakhr-ibn-al-bukhari", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-muhibb-mufid-al-jabal", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-rasani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/diya-al-din-al-maqdisi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ibn-al-salah", "inverse": true }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/jamma-in", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/damascus", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/lumat-al-itiqad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-mughni", "inverse": false }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/jammail", "inverse": false }, { "type": "child_of", "to": "person/ahmad-ibn-muhammad-ibn-qudama", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/abd-al-qadir-al-jilani", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ibn-al-mani", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/abu-umar-al-maqdisi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/al-salihiyya", "inverse": false }, { "type": "traveled_to", "to": "place/baghdad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-kafi-ibn-qudama", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-muqni-ibn-qudama", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/rawdat-al-nazir", "inverse": false }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "person/ibn-taymiyya", "inverse": false }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ibrahim-khatib-al-jabal", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/izz-al-din-al-maqdisi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/muhammad-al-yunini", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/sayf-al-din-ibn-qudama", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/sharaf-al-din-al-maqdisi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-al-salah-sham-617", "inverse": false, "role": "شيخ سمع منه" } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/ibn-rajab", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "ابن رجب الحنبلي", "en": "Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali", "ur": "ابن رجب حنبلی" }, "summary": { "ar": "الإمام الحافظ زين الدين أبو الفرج عبد الرحمن بن أحمد الحنبلي، المعروف بابن رجب على لقب جده رجب بن الحسن؛ ولد ببغداد سنة 736هـ وقدم دمشق مع والده سنة 744هـ، ورحل في طلب العلم إلى مصر والحجاز والقدس، وصار من أعلام المذهب الحنبلي جامعاً بين الحديث والفقه، وتوفي بدمشق سنة 795هـ. من كتبه «جامع العلوم والحكم» شرح خمسين حديثاً.", "en": "The Hanbali hadith master and jurist Zayn al-Din Abu al-Faraj Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad, known as Ibn Rajab after his grandfather Rajab; born in Baghdad in 736 AH, moved to Damascus in 744, travelled for learning to Egypt, the Hijaz and Jerusalem, and died in Damascus in 795 AH. Author of 'Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam'.", "ur": "حنبلی حافظ حدیث اور فقیہ زین الدین ابو الفرج عبد الرحمن بن احمد، اپنے دادا رجب کے لقب سے ابن رجب معروف؛ 736ھ میں بغداد میں پیدا ہوئے، 744ھ میں دمشق آئے، علم کی طلب میں مصر، حجاز اور بیت المقدس کے سفر کیے اور 795ھ میں دمشق میں فوت ہوئے۔ «جامع العلوم والحکم» کے مصنف۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "hijri": "0736-03", "edtf": "1335~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "month", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "ولد ببغداد في ربيع الأول سنة ست وثلاثين وسبعمئة باتفاق المصادر التي أطلع عليها محقق الكتاب؛ وأرخه ابن حجر في الدرر الكامنة سنة ست وسبعمئة ويرى المحقق أنه سبق قلم من الناسخ (ص 7). التحويل إلى الميلادي مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam" ] }, "died": { "hijri": "0795", "edtf": "1393~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي بدمشق سنة 795هـ بلا خلاف في العام؛ واختلف في الشهر: رمضان عند السخاوي وابن العماد، ورجب عند ابن حجر والسيوطي، وتوقف أبو المحاسن الدمشقي بينهما (ص 9). دفن بمقبرة الباب الصغير جوار قبر أبي الفرج عبد الواحد الشيرازي المقدسي (ت 486هـ). التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam" ] }, "wikidata": "Q529235", "status": "published", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "hanbali" ], "connections": [ { "type": "buried_in", "to": "place/bab-al-saghir-cemetery", "inverse": false }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/baghdad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/damascus", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/damascus", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ibn-qayyim-al-jawziyya", "inverse": false }, { "type": "child_of", "to": "person/ahmad-ibn-rajab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/jami-ulum-hikam", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/dhayl-tabaqat-al-hanabila", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/lataif-al-maarif", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/fath-al-bari-ibn-rajab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-rajab-born-736", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-rajab-damascus-744", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-rajab-hears-ibn-qayyim-750", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-rajab-rihla-hijaz-755", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-rajab-ijaza-ibn-al-nakib-762", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-rajab-teaching-775", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-rajab-ijaza-nawawi-790", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-rajab-death-795", "inverse": false }, { "type": "traveled_to", "to": "place/mecca", "inverse": false }, { "type": "traveled_to", "to": "place/medina", "inverse": false }, { "type": "traveled_to", "to": "place/jerusalem", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/ibn-rushd", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "ابن رشد الحفيد", "en": "Ibn Rushd al-Hafid (Averroes)", "ur": "ابن رشد الحفید" }, "summary": { "ur": "ابو الولید محمد بن احمد بن رشد قرطبی، ابن رشد الحفید، قرطبہ کے قاضی، مالکی فقیہ، طبیب اور فلسفی تھے جنہیں مغرب میں ایورویس اور ارسطو کا شارح کہا گیا۔ دائرۃ المعارف الاسلامیہ کے مطابق وہ 520ھ/1126ء میں قرطبہ میں پیدا ہوئے، موحدی خلفا کے ہاں عنایت پائی، اور 595ھ/1198ء میں مراکش میں فوت ہوئے۔ ان کی تصانیف میں «فصل المقال»، «الکشف»، «تہافت التہافت»، «الکلیات» اور «بدایۃ المجتہد» شامل ہیں۔", "ar": "أبو الوليد محمد بن أحمد بن رشد القرطبي، ابن رشد الحفيد، قاضي قرطبة وفقيه مالكي وطبيب وفيلسوف عُرف في الغرب بأفيرويس وشارح أرسطو. وُلد بقرطبة سنة 520هـ/1126م بحسب دائرة المعارف الإسلامية، ونال حظوة الخلفاء الموحدين، وتوفي بمراكش سنة 595هـ/1198م. من مؤلفاته «فصل المقال» و«الكشف» و«تهافت التهافت» و«الكليات» و«بداية المجتهد».", "en": "Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd of Cordoba, Ibn Rushd al-Hafid, was a judge of Cordoba, a Maliki jurist, a physician and a philosopher, known in the West as Averroes and the Commentator of Aristotle. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam he was born in Cordoba in 520 AH/1126 CE, enjoyed the favour of the Almohad caliphs, and died in Marrakesh in 595 AH/1198 CE. His works include the Fasl al-Maqal, the Kashf, the Tahafut al-Tahafut, the Kulliyyat and Bidayat al-Mujtahid." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "andalus-europe", "maghreb" ], "born": { "edtf": "1126", "hijri": "0520", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "ولد بقرطبة سنة عشرين وخمسمائة قبل وفاة جده بأشهر، وقيل بشهر واحد (بداية المجتهد ط. بيت الأفكار ص9)؛ والزركلي يقول 1126م (الأعلام ص849)؛ التحويل مشتق", "sources": [ "source/bidaya-bakri-bayt-al-afkar", "source/bidaya-hallaq-v1", "source/al-aalam" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "1198", "hijri": "0595", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي سنة خمس وتسعين وخمسمائة (بداية المجتهد ط. بيت الأفكار ص13)؛ وبمراكش سنة 1198م ونقل جثمانه إلى قرطبة (الأعلام ص849)؛ التحويل مشتق", "sources": [ "source/bidaya-bakri-bayt-al-afkar", "source/al-aalam" ] }, "wikidata": "Q39837", "status": "published", "sections": [ "maliki" ], "connections": [ { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/cordoba", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/cordoba", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/seville", "inverse": false }, { "type": "child_of", "to": "person/abu-al-abbas-ahmad-ibn-rushd", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/abu-al-abbas-ahmad-ibn-rushd", "inverse": false, "role": "عرض عليه الموطأ واستظهره حفظاً" }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ibn-bashkuwal-khalaf", "inverse": false, "role": "أخذ عنه الفقه" }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/marrakesh", "inverse": false }, { "type": "buried_in", "to": "place/cordoba", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/fasl-al-maqal", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/tahafut-al-tahafut", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mujtahid", "inverse": false }, { "type": "critic_of", "to": "person/al-ghazali-abu-hamid", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-rushd-presented-to-the-caliph", "inverse": false, "role": "الفيلسوف المقدم" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-rushd-caliphal-physician-1182", "inverse": false, "role": "طبيب الخليفة" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/tahafut-al-tahafut-written-575", "inverse": false, "role": "المصنف" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-rushd-exiled-to-lucena-591", "inverse": false, "role": "المنفي" }, { "type": "influenced_by", "to": "person/ibn-sina", "inverse": true }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "person/maimonides-ibn-maymun", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/reconstruction-religious-thought-islam", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "screen/al-massir-1997", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/ibn-rushd-al-jadd", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "ابن رشد الجد" }, "summary": { "ar": "قاضي الجماعة بقرطبة وإمام المالكية في وقته؛ كان عالي الإسناد بالأندلس أوعية العلم له تصانيف مشهورة، عاش سبعين سنة وتوفي نحو سنة عشرين وخمسمائة، وهو جد الفقيه ابن رشد الحفيد {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 540}.", "en": "Abu al-Walid Ibn Rushd 'al-Jadd' — Cordoba's chief Maliki qadi, high-chained hadith vessel and author; lived seventy years and died around 520; grandfather of Ibn Rushd the grandson {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 540}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "andalus-europe" ], "died": { "edtf": "1126~", "hijri": "0520~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "ذُكر في وفيات سنة عشرين وخمسمائة {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 540}؛ التحويل مشتق." }, "wikidata": "Q3147456", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "maliki" ], "connections": [ { "type": "parent_of", "to": "person/abu-al-abbas-ahmad-ibn-rushd", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abu-al-abbas-ahmad-ibn-rushd", "inverse": true, "role": "تفقه بأبيه" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-qadi-iyyad", "inverse": true }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/cordoba", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/ibn-taymiyya", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "ابن تيمية", "en": "Ibn Taymiyya" }, "summary": { "ar": "Ø´ÙØ® اÙإسÙا٠تÙ٠اÙدÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙتÙÙÙ Ø­ÙبÙÙ Ù٠حرÙا٠ÙدÙØ´ÙØ ØµØ§Ø­Ø¨ «اÙعÙÙدة اÙÙاسطÙة» اÙت٠ÙتبÙا سÙØ© 698ÙÙØ ÙÙ٠سÙØ© تسع Ùسبع Ùئة تÙÙ٠اÙÙزÙر Ù٠إعادة Ø£Ù٠اÙØ°ÙØ© Ø¥ÙÙ Ùبس اÙعÙائ٠اÙبÙض ÙØ£ÙÙ٠اÙتزÙÙا ÙÙدÙÙا٠بسبع Ùئة Ø£ÙÙ Ù٠سÙØ© زÙادة عÙ٠اÙجاÙÙØ© ÙÙا٠اÙØ´ÙØ® تÙ٠اÙدÙ٠اب٠تÙÙÙØ© Ù٠إبطا٠ذÙÙ ÙÙاÙا٠عظÙÙا٠Ùبط٠{cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 734-735}. ÙÙ٠سÙØ© سبع Ùئة جاÙز غازا٠بجÙش٠اÙÙرات ÙÙصد Ø­Ùب Ùسا٠اÙØ´ÙØ® تÙ٠اÙدÙ٠ب٠تÙÙÙØ© Ù٠اÙبرÙد Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙاÙرة Ùحرض اÙÙاس عÙ٠اÙجÙاد ÙاجتÙع بأÙابر اÙØ£Ùراء Ø«Ù ÙÙد٠Ù٠دÙØ´Ù ÙÙ Ùدر عÙ٠اÙÙرب ÙÙÙÙج بÙÙس٠ÙاÙÙÙبت اÙÙدÙÙØ© ÙرÙص٠اÙØ®Ù٠باÙÙÙعة Ùأشر٠اÙÙاس عÙ٠خطة صعبة ÙبÙ٠اÙØ®Ù٠أÙاÙا٠ث٠تÙاÙص برجعة غازا٠ÙÙا ÙاÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙشا٠ÙاÙØ«ÙÙج {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 429}Ø ÙتذÙر «سÙر أعÙا٠اÙÙبÙاء» Ù٠ترجÙت٠⁦(اÙجزء Ù¡Ù§Ø Øµ ٥٤١)⁩ Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙد Ù٠عاشر ربÙع اÙØ£Ù٠سÙØ© إحد٠ÙستÙÙ ÙستÙائة بحرÙاÙØ Ùبرع Ù٠اÙتÙسÙر ÙاÙحدÙØ« ÙاÙاختÙا٠ÙاÙأصÙÙÙÙ ÙÙا٠آÙØ© Ù٠استحضار ÙتÙ٠اÙأحادÙØ« ÙعزÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙا٠ÙÙÙ٠«إ٠ÙÙ ÙÙ٠اب٠تÙÙÙØ© Ø´ÙØ® اÙإسÙا٠ÙÙÙØÂ»Ø ÙتÙÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙسبت رابع جÙاد٠اÙآخرة سÙØ© Ø«Ùا٠ÙعشرÙÙ ÙسبعÙائة ÙدÙ٠باÙÙراÙØ© {cite:siyar-alam-nubala 17/541}Ø ÙتذÙر «تذÙرة اÙØ­Ùاظ» Ù٠ترجÙت٠⁦(اÙجزء اÙØ±Ø§Ø¨Ø¹Ø Øµ ١٤٩٦)⁩ Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙد Ù٠ربÙع اÙØ£Ù٠سÙØ© إحد٠ÙستÙÙ ÙستÙØ§Ø¦Ø©Ø ÙÙا٠Ù٠بحÙر اÙعÙÙ ÙاÙأذÙÙØ§Ø¡Ø Ùسارت بتصاÙÙÙ٠اÙرÙبا٠ÙعÙÙا Ø«Ùاث Ùئة ÙجÙØ¯Ø ÙØ£ÙÙتح٠ÙØ£ÙÙØ°Ù Ùرات ÙØ­Ùبس بÙÙعة Ùصر ÙاÙÙاÙرة ÙاÙإسÙÙدرÙØ© ÙبÙÙعة دÙØ´Ù ÙرتÙÙØ ÙتÙÙÙ Ù٠اÙعشرÙÙ Ù٠ذ٠اÙÙعدة سÙØ© Ø«Ùا٠ÙعشرÙÙ ÙسبعÙائة ÙعتÙÙا٠ÙدÙ٠بÙÙابر اÙصÙÙÙØ© {cite:tabaqat-huffaz 4/1496}.", "en": "The Hanbali jurist and theologian titled Shaykh al-Islam Taqi al-Din, of Harran and Damascus, author of al-Aqida al-Wasitiyya, which he wrote in 698 AH. Al-Dhahabi's Siyar entry (juz 17, p. 541) has him born on 10 Rabi' al-Awwal 661 AH in Harran, excelling in tafsir, hadith, legal theory and kalam with a quick mind and the instant recall of hadith texts and their isnads; he is reported to have said 'if Ibn Taymiyya is not Shaykh al-Islam, who is?', died Saturday 4 Jumada al-Akhira 728 and was buried at al-Qarafa {cite:siyar-alam-nubala 17/541}. Al-Dhahabi's Tadhkirat al-Huffaz entry (part 4, p. 1496) has him born in Rabi' al-Awwal 661 AH, 'of the oceans of knowledge and the quick-witted', whose works 'rode the caravan routes' at some three hundred volumes; he was tried and imprisoned repeatedly — Egypt's citadel, Cairo and Alexandria, and twice in Damascus's citadel — and died 20 Dhu al-Qa'da 728 in confinement, buried at the Sufiyya cemetery {cite:tabaqat-huffaz 4/1496}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "hijri": "0661-03-10", "edtf": "1263-01-22", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "derived": true, "note": "ولد بحران في ١٠ ربيع الأول ٦٦١هـ/٢٢ يناير ١٢٦٣م {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 3 p. 983}؛ التحويل مشتق. The year alone (661) also on the title page of the al-Matba'a al-Salafiyya edition of al-Wasitiyya.", "sources": [ "source/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2", "source/shadharat-dhahab", "source/aqida-wasitiyya" ] }, "died": { "hijri": "0728-11-20", "edtf": "1328-09-26", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "derived": true, "note": "توفي بقلعة دمشق في ٢٠ ذي القعدة ٧٢٨هـ/٢٦ سبتمبر ١٣٢٨م ودفن بمقبرة الصوفية {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 3 p. 985}؛ التحويل مشتق. The year 728 also on the Wasitiyya title page.", "sources": [ "source/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2", "source/aqida-wasitiyya" ] }, "wikidata": "Q491558", "status": "published", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "hanbali" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ibn-kathir", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ibn-qayyim-al-jawziyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "person/ibn-qudama-al-maqdisi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/harran", "inverse": false }, { "type": "buried_in", "to": "place/sufism-cemetery", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/harran", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/damascus", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/cairo-citadel", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/aqida-wasitiyya", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/iqtida-al-sirat-al-mustaqim", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/damascus", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-taymiyya-harran-exodus-667", "inverse": false, "role": "الولد النازح مع أهله" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-taymiyya-first-lesson-683", "inverse": false, "role": "المُدرّس الخلف لأبيه" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-taymiyya-hajj-691", "inverse": false, "role": "الحاج" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-taymiyya-assaf-affair-693", "inverse": false, "role": "المدّعي المتشدد فالمسجون" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-taymiyya-hanbaliyya-695", "inverse": false, "role": "المُدرّس" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-taymiyya-hamawiyya-698", "inverse": false, "role": "صاحب العقيدة" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ghazan-syria-700", "inverse": false, "role": "المحرّض على الجهاد في البريد إلى القاهرة" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-taymiyya-shaqhab-702", "inverse": false, "role": "المفتي للمقاتلين بالإفطار" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-taymiyya-wasitiyya-trial-705", "inverse": false, "role": "صاحب العقيدة فالمسجون" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-taymiyya-alexandria-exile-709", "inverse": false, "role": "المنفي الكاتب" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-taymiyya-returns-damascus-712", "inverse": false, "role": "العائد المُدرّس" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-taymiyya-talaq-imprisonment-720", "inverse": false, "role": "المفتي المسجون" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-taymiyya-final-imprisonment-726", "inverse": false, "role": "المسجون حتى وفاته" }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "person/majd-al-din-ibn-taymiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "event/hanbali-ashari-fitna-835", "inverse": true, "role": "موضوع النزاع" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-kathir-ibn-taymiyya-727", "inverse": false, "role": "الشيخ" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/ibn-qayyim-joins-ibn-taymiyya-712", "inverse": false, "role": "الشيخ المُلازَم" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/mizzi-ashrafiyya-718", "inverse": false, "role": "الساعي في توليته" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/mizzi-imprisonment-705", "inverse": false, "role": "من سعى في إخراجه" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/safadi-meets-ibn-taymiyya-717", "inverse": false, "role": "المُلتقى به" }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/ahl-al-hikma", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-dinu-al-qayem", "inverse": true }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/al-jawab-al-sahih-li-man-baddala-din-al-masih", "inverse": false }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-manjeyat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-mubdioune-program", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/albuyout-alamena", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/asdaf-al-loaloa", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/kitab-al-tawhid-ibn-abd-al-wahhab", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/ibrahim-al-nakhai", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "إبراهيم النخعي", "en": "Ibrahim al-Nakha'i" }, "summary": { "ar": "أبو عمران إبراهيم بن يزيد النخعي، من فقهاء التابعين، نشأ في أهل بيت فقه؛ قال أحمد إنه مات سنة ست وتسعين، وقال الشعبي حين بلغه موته: لو قلت أنعى العلم ما خلف بعده مثله {cite:tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981 p. 44}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "died": { "hijri": "0096", "edtf": "0714~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "الشيرازي: قال أحمد مات سنة ست وتسعين (PDF ص44).", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "wikidata": "Q6957308", "status": "published", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/hammad-ibn-abi-sulayman", "inverse": true, "role": "تفقه به (PDF ص44)" }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/isa-ibn-aban", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "عيسى بن أبان", "en": "Isa ibn Aban" }, "summary": { "ar": "عيسى بن أبان بن صدقة، قاضي البصرة من كبار فقهاء الحنفية، صاحب «إثبات القياس» و«اجتهاد الرأي».", "en": "'Isa ibn Aban (d. 836), qadi of Basra and senior Hanafi jurist, author of Ithbat al-Qiyas." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "died": { "edtf": "836", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: al-Fihrist / Ibn al-Nadim" }, "wikidata": "Q24932710", "status": "published", "sections": [ "hanafi", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/basra", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/jafar-al-sadiq", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "جعفر بن محمد الصادق", "en": "Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq" }, "summary": { "ar": "أبو عبد الله جعفر بن محمد بن علي بن الحسين بن علي، إمام أهل البيت وراوٍ للحديث بالمدينة يُستشهد به باحترام في أسانيد أهل السنة، وآخر إمام اعترف به الشيعة الاثنا عشرية والإسماعيلية معاً، وتذكر دائرة المعارف الإسلامية أنه قاد أتباعاً شيعة غير مسلحين في الانتقال من الأمويين إلى العباسيين وأن الخلاف على من يخلفه فرّق أتباعه، وهو أيضاً أحد أعلام الهدى، روى عنه المسعودي بإسناده عن أبيه وصية علي لأولاده صبيحة الليلة التي ضربه فيها ابن ملجم، وهي من أطول وصاياه المروية {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 713-714}. وعند المسعودي دعا رسول أبي سلمة بسراج فوضع كتابه عليه حتى احترق قبل أن يقرأه وقال عرف صاحبك بما رأيت وتمثل بأيا موقداً ناراً لغيرك ضوؤها، ولما أتاه عبد الله بن الحسن مبتهجاً بكتابه قال ومتى كان أهل خراسان شيعة لك أنت بعثت أبا مسلم، ولما قال إنما يريد القوم ابني محمداً لأنه مهدي هذه الأمة قال والله ما هو مهديها ولئن شهر سيفه ليقتلن، فلما رماه بالحسد قال ما هذا إلا نصح مني لك {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 240-241}. وعند أحمد أمين هو أكبر شخصيات العصر في التشريع الشيعي وربما أكبر الشخصيات فيه في العصور المختلفة: عاصر آخر الدولة الأموية وصدراً من الدولة العباسية، ولد سنة ٨٣ وتوفي سنة ١٤٨ في خلافة أبي جعفر المنصور، وأمه أم فروة بنت القاسم بن أبي بكر الصديق؛ كان بعيداً عن غمار السياسة — أو كما يرى أمين أنه طبق مذهب التقية في دقة وإتقان {cite:duha-islam p. 887-888}", "en": "Abu 'Abd Allah Ja'far al-Sadiq, a Medinan transmitter of hadith cited with respect in Sunni chains, and the last imam recognised by both the Twelver and the Isma'ili Shi'is, who regard him as sixth and fifth imam respectively. The Encyclopaedia of Islam gives his birth as 80 or 83 AH in Medina and his death as 148 AH, with burial in the Baqi cemetery; it says he led a non-militant Shi'i following through the Umayyad-Abbasid transition and that the dispute over his succession split his following. Through him al-Mas'udi transmits Ali's long death-morning wasiyya to his sons {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 713-714}.", "ur": "ابو عبداللہ جعفر صادق مدینہ کے راوی حدیث تھے جن کا ذکر سنی اسناد میں احترام سے آتا ہے، اور وہ آخری امام ہیں جنہیں اثنا عشری اور اسماعیلی دونوں شیعہ مانتے ہیں، جن کے ہاں وہ بالترتیب چھٹے اور پانچویں امام ہیں۔ انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف اسلام ان کی پیدائش مدینہ میں 80 یا 83 ہجری اور وفات 148 ہجری بتاتا ہے، اور تدفین بقیع میں۔ وہ کہتا ہے کہ انہوں نے اموی عباسی منتقلی میں غیر مسلح شیعہ پیروکاروں کی قیادت کی اور ان کی جانشینی کے تنازع سے ان کے پیروکار تقسیم ہو گئے۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "born": { "edtf": "702", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: EI2 / Encyclopaedia of Islam" }, "died": { "edtf": "765", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: EI2 / Encyclopaedia of Islam" }, "wikidata": "Q170046", "status": "published", "sections": [ "ukhra" ], "connections": [ { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/medina", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/medina", "inverse": false }, { "type": "buried_in", "to": "place/al-baqi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "group/jafari-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/umar-ibn-harun-al-balkhi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "event/jaffar-al-sadiq-house-400", "inverse": true, "role": "صاحب الدار والمقتنيات المفتوحة" }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/ahl-al-hikma", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-mubdioune-program", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/albuyout-alamena", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/silsilat-ebadu-al-rahman", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-298", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-12-1442", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-15-1600", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-2-591", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-22-2111", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-3-756", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1057", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1089", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1090", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1097", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1140", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1169", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-946", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-952", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/layth-ibn-sad", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "الليث بن سعد", "en": "al-Layth ibn Sa'd" }, "summary": { "ar": "الليث بن سعد الفهمي المصري، فقيه مصر ومحدثها في القرن الثاني؛ عند البلاذري: كتب إليه عبد الملك بن صالح والي الثغور يستفتيه مع فقهاء عصره في أمر أهل قبرس حين أحدثوا حدثاً، فأفتى بأنهم متهمون بغش أهل الإسلام ومناصحة الروم وأن ينبذ إليهم عهدهم ويُنظروا سنة يأتمرون — فمن أحب اللحاق ببلاد المسلمين ذمّةً قُبل ومن أراد بلاد الروم انتحى إليها ومن أقام على الحرب أقام — محتجاً بقوله تعالى في نبذ العهد على سواء عند خوف الخيانة. وعند ابن النديم كان من أصحاب مالك وعلى مذهبه ثم اختار لنفسه وكان يكاتب مالكا ويسأله وله كتاب التاريخ وكتاب مسائل في الفقه {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 281}", "en": "al-Layth ibn Sa'd al-Fahmi of Egypt, the jurist and hadith-master of second-century Egypt; in al-Baladhuri: Abd al-Malik ibn Salih, governor of the marches, wrote consulting him among the jurists of the age about the people of Cyprus when they gave fresh offence, and he ruled them suspect of betraying the Muslims and counselling the Byzantines — advising that their treaty be denounced with a year's grace for them to choose: whoever wished might enter the Muslims' lands as a dhimmi, whoever wished might withdraw to Byzantium, and whoever remained stayed at war — arguing from the verse on denouncing covenants openly when treachery is feared." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "died": { "hijri": "0175", "edtf": "0791~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "الشيرازي: مات في النصف من شعبان يوم الخميس سنة خمس وسبعين ومائة (PDF ص42). حاشية الطبعة تذكر قراءة «خمس وتسعين»؛ مصدر ثان مطلوب.", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "wikidata": "Q2813852", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "maliki", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/qarqashandah", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/al-fustat", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/muhammad-ibn-shihab-al-zuhri", "inverse": false, "role": "كتب من علمه كثيراً (PDF ص42)" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/fuqaha-consulta-on-cyprus", "inverse": false, "role": "أفتى بالنبذ مع نظرة سنة" }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-mubdioune-program", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/malik-ibn-anas", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "مالك بن أنس", "en": "Malik ibn Anas" }, "summary": { "ar": "إمام دار الهجرة وصاحب الموطأ؛ ولد بالمدينة المنورة وأخذ عن علمائها، واشتهر بالفتيا والتدريس فيها حتى توفي سنة 179هـ. يُنسب إليه المذهب المالكي. وعند ابن النديم مالك بن أنس بن أبي عامر من حمير وعداده في بني تيم بن مرة من قريش وحمل به ثلاث سنين وكان شديد البياض إلى الشقرة طويلا عظيم الهامة أصلع الرأس يلبس الثياب العدنية الجياد ويكثر حلق شاربه ولا يغير شيبه، وكان يأتي المسجد ويشهد الصلوات ويعود المرضى ويقضي الحقوق ثم ترك الجلوس في المسجد وترك اتباع الجنائز فكان يقول ليس يقدر كل أحد يقول عذره، وسعى به إلى جعفر بن سليمان وكان والي المدينة فقيل له إنه لا يرى إيمان بيعتكم فدعى به وجرده وضربه أسواطا ومددوه فانخلع كتفه وارتكب منه أمر عظيم فلم يزل بعد ذلك في علو ورفعة وكأنما كانت تلك السياط حليا عليه، فقيه الحجاز وسيدها في وقته العلم وتوفي سنة تسع وسبعين ومائة وهو ابن خمس وثمانين ودفن بالبقيع، وله كتاب الموطأ وكتاب رسالته إلى الرشيد رواها أبو بكر بن عبد العزيز من ولد عمر بن الخطاب {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 280-281} وتذكر دائرة المعارف الإسلامية أن تاريخ مولده غير معروف وأن التواريخ المذكورة تتراوح بين 90 و97هـ، وأنه توفي سنة 179هـ في المدينة ودُفن في البقيع، وأن الموطأ أقدم كتاب فقه إسلامي وصل إلينا بعد مجموع زيد بن علي.", "en": "Imam of Medina and author of the Muwatta; born in Medina, he studied with its scholars and taught there until his death in 179 AH. The Maliki school of law bears his name. The Encyclopaedia of Islam says the date of his birth is not known, the proposed dates ranging between 90 and 97 AH, and that he died in Medina in 179 AH and was buried in al-Baqi. It describes the Muwatta as the earliest surviving Muslim law book after the legal corpus of Zayd ibn Ali, and says the few certain facts of his life are buried under legends.", "ur": "مدینہ کے امام اور موطأ کے مصنف۔ دائرۃ المعارف اسلامیہ کے مطابق ان کی تاریخ پیدائش معلوم نہیں اور بتائی گئی تاریخیں 90 سے 97ھ کے درمیان ہیں۔ وہ 179ھ میں مدینہ میں فوت ہوئے اور بقیع میں دفن ہوئے، اور مالکی مذہب انھی کے نام پر ہے۔ مضمون موطأ کو زید بن علی کے مجموعے کے بعد سب سے پرانی موجود مسلم قانونی کتاب کہتا ہے۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "arabia" ], "born": { "hijri": "0093", "edtf": "0711~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "historical", "derived": true, "note": "ولد بالمدينة سنة ثلاث وتسعين (من مقدمة المحقق؛ التحويل إلى الميلادي مشتق).", "sources": [ "source/muwatta-maruf-1997", "source/siyar-alam-nubala-ideas-house" ] }, "died": { "hijri": "0179", "edtf": "0795~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "historical", "derived": true, "note": "توفي سنة 179هـ (من مقدمة المحقق؛ التحويل إلى الميلادي مشتق).", "sources": [ "source/muwatta-maruf-1997", "source/siyar-alam-nubala-ideas-house" ] }, "wikidata": "Q312299", "status": "draft", "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "sections": [ "aima", "maliki" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abd-allah-ibn-al-mubarak", "inverse": true, "role": "تفقه بمالك (الشيرازي: «تفقه بسفيان ومالك»، والسفيان غير مُعيَّن في النص) (PDF ص50)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-ashhab-ibn-abd-al-aziz", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-waqidi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ayyub-al-sakhtiyani", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ayyub-ibn-habib-al-jumahi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/harun-ibn-abdallah-al-zuhri", "inverse": true }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ibrahim-ibn-uqba", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ishaq-ibn-abd-allah-ibn-abi-talha", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ismail-ibn-abi-hakim", "inverse": false }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/medina", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/medina", "inverse": false }, { "type": "buried_in", "to": "place/al-baqi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "authored", "to": "work/muwatta-malik", "inverse": false }, { "type": "founder_of", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/muhammad-ibn-dinar", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/yahya-ibn-yahya-al-laythi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/fuqaha-consulta-on-cyprus", "inverse": false, "role": "أفتى بعدم التعجل بالنقض" }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "event/woman-and-the-blood-at-the-kaaba-door", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-burhan-fi-usul-al-fiqh", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-dar-al-akhera", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/al-dinu-al-qayem", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/al-tamhid-ibn-abd-al-barr", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/albuyout-alamena", "inverse": true }, { "type": "criticised_by", "to": "work/ikhtilaf-malik-wal-shafii", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/ikhtilaf-malik-wal-shafii", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/maalim-al-sunan", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/muktatafat-mena-al-seera", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/wa-nafsun-ma-sawaha", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-023", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-024", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-035", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-038", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-039", "inverse": 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true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-04-siyam", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-05-itikaf", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-06-hajj", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-07-jihad", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-08-nudhur", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-09-dahaya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-10-dhaba-ih", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-11-sayd", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-12-aqiqa", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-13-faraid", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-14-nikah", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-15-talaq", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-16-radaa", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-17-buyu", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-18-qiraad", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-19-musaqat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-20-kira-al-ard", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-21-shufa", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-22-aqdiya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-23-wasiyya", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/muhammad-ibn-al-hasan-al-shaybani", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "محمد بن الحسن الشيباني", "en": "Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani" }, "summary": { "ar": "القاضي أبو عبد الله صاحب أبي حنيفة، مات سنة تسع وثمانين ومائة بالري وهو مع الرشيد ودفن بها، وتطير الرشيد من وفاته لرؤيا كان رآها {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 331}. وعند المسعودي استعار منه الشافعي شيئاً من كتبه فلم يبعث بها فكتب إليه الشافعي أبياته التي أولها يا قل لمن لم تزعني من رآه مثله فبعث إليه بأكثر كتبه التي سأل عنها {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 580}، وعند ابن النديم وهو مولى لبني شيبان وولد بواسط ونشأ بالكوفة فطلب الحديث وسمع من مسعر بن كدام ومالك بن مغول وعمر بن ذر والأوزاعي والثوري وجالس أبا حنيفة وأخذ عنه فغلب عليه الرأي وقدم بغداد فنزلها وسمع منه الحديث وأخذ عنه الرأي وخرج إلى الرقة فولاه الرشيد القضاء بها ثم عزله ولما خرج الرشيد إلى خراسان صحبه فمات بالري سنة تسع وثمانين ومائة في السنة التي توفي فيها الكسائي وله ثمان وخمسون سنة، وكان ينزل بباب الشام في درب أبي حنيفة وكان يجلس في وسطه ويقرأ عليه كتبه وكان يجاوره في الدرب اليوندي الذي عمل كتاب الدولة وكان يجتمع إليه الراوندية أبناء الدولة وكان يتعمد يوم مجلس محمد أن يجيء فيجلس في المسجد ويقرأه عليهم فإذا قرأ رجل من أصحاب محمد شيئا من كتبه صاحوا به وسكتوه فترك محمد الجلوس في ذلك المسجد وصار إلى المسجد المعلق الذي بباب درب أسد مما يلي ساباط رومي فكانت الكتب تقرأ عليه هناك {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 287-288}", "en": "Abu Hanifa's great disciple and qadi — dead at Rayy in 189 travelling with al-Rashid {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 331}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "born": { "edtf": "749", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: EI2; al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (Tarikh Baghdad)" }, "died": { "edtf": "805", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: EI2; al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (Tarikh Baghdad)" }, "wikidata": "Q293612", "status": "published", "sections": [ "hanafi", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/wasit", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/rayy", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/muhammad-ibn-dinar", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "محمد بن إبراهيم بن دينار", "en": "Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Dinar", "ur": "محمد بن ابراہیم بن دینار" }, "summary": { "ar": "محمد بن إبراهيم بن دينار المدني، من كبار أصحاب مالك؛ درس معه علي بن حربان، وقال الشافعي «ما رأيت في فتيان مالك أفقه من محمد بن دينار»، وتوفي سنة اثنتين وثمانين ومائة بعد مالك بثلاث سنين {cite:tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981 p.124}.", "en": "Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Dinar of Medina, among Malik's senior students; he studied with him and 'Ali ibn Harban, and al-Shafi'i said 'I never saw among Malik's young companions anyone more learned than Muhammad ibn Dinar'; he died 182, three years after Malik {cite:tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981 p.124}.", "ur": "محمد بن ابراہیم بن دینار مدینہ کا باشندہ، مالک کے بڑے شاگردوں میں سے؛ شافعی کا قول «مالک کے ساتھیوں میں میں نے اس سے زیادہ فقیہ نہیں دیکھا» مشہور ہے، اور مالک کے تین سال بعد 182 میں وفات پائی {cite:tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981 p.124}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "arabia" ], "died": { "hijri": "0182", "edtf": "0798~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "توفي سنة اثنتين وثمانين ومائة بعد مالك بثلاث سنين {cite:tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981 p.124}؛ التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "status": "draft", "sections": [ "maliki", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/malik-ibn-anas", "inverse": false }, { "type": "member_of", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "person/muhammad-ibn-shihab-al-zuhri", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "محمد بن شهاب الزهري", "en": "Muhammad ibn Shihab al-Zuhri" }, "summary": { "ar": "أبو بكر محمد بن مسلم بن شهاب الزهري، المتوفى سنة 124هـ/742م، أحد مؤسسي التراث الإسلامي بحسب «دائرة المعارف الإسلامية». تتلمذ على سعيد بن المسيب وعروة بن الزبير، وارتبط بالبيت الأموي من عهد عبد الملك إلى هشام، وتولى القضاء وجباية الضرائب ورئاسة الشرطة. دوّن الحديث وأقام مجالس إملاء، وكان مع سليمان بن عبد الملك بمرج دابق حين قرأ وصيته على الناس {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 172-173}.", "en": "Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, who died in 124/742, is described by the Encyclopaedia of Islam as one of the founders of Islamic tradition. He studied under Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab and Urwa ibn al-Zubayr, stayed close to the Umayyad house from the time of Abd al-Malik to that of Hisham, and served as qadi, tax collector and head of the shurta. He wrote down hadith and held dictation sessions; he was also the scholar who read out Sulayman's succession at Marj Dabiq {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 172-173}.", "ur": "ابو بکر محمد بن مسلم بن شہاب زہری، متوفی 124ھ/742ء، کو «اسلامی انسائیکلوپیڈیا» اسلامی روایت کے بانیوں میں شمار کرتا ہے۔ انہوں نے سعید بن مسیب اور عروہ بن زبیر سے پڑھا، عبد الملک سے ہشام کے دور تک اموی خاندان کے قریب رہے، اور قاضی، محصل اور شرطہ کے سربراہ رہے۔ انہوں نے حدیث لکھی اور املا کی مجلسیں کیں، اور وہی ہیں جنہوں نے مرج دابق میں سلیمان کی جانشینی کی وصیت پڑھ کر سنائی {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 172-173}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "born": { "edtf": "671~", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: EI2; Ibn Hajar (Tahdhib al-Tahdhib)" }, "died": { "edtf": "742", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: EI2; Ibn Hajar (Tahdhib al-Tahdhib)" }, "wikidata": "Q3791575", "status": 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"inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-31-2861", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-4-789", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-4-792", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-4-806", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-4-815", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-4-819", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-4-823", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-4-833", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-4-839", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-4-848", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-5-866", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-5-867", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-5-870", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-5-880", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-5-884", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1015", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1029", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1039", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1044", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1047", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1056", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1066", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1074", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1102", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1121", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1123", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1187", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1191", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1197", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1228", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1266", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1271", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1273", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1278", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1281", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1282", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-955", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-974", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-978", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-7-1290", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-7-1312", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-7-1346", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-8-1351", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-8-1384", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-9-1398", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/muhammad-ibn-sirin", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "محمد بن سيرين" }, "summary": { "ar": "عند البلاذري: محمد بن سيرين ابن سيرين الذي سبي في كنيسة عين التمر مع إخوته يحيى وأنس ومعبد — وهو أكبر أخوته — وهم موالي أنس بن مالك الأنصاري. وعند المسعودي مات بعد الحسن البصري بمائة ليلة في سنة عشر ومائة وهو ابن إحدى وثمانين سنة، وسيرين مولى أنس بن مالك وأولاده خمسة إخوة محمد وسعيد ويحيى وخالد وأنس كلهم رووا السنن {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 192} ويذكر الكتاب أن الحسن البصري كان يقدمه على غيره، وأن عمرو بن دينار قال إنه ما رأى مثل طاوس، فرد عليه أيوب السختياني بأن ابن سيرين لو رآه لم يقل ذلك. {cite:salabi-umayyad-state-2020 p.282-283}", "en": "In al-Baladhuri: Muhammad ibn Sirin, son of the Sirin taken captive in Ayn al-Tamr's church with his brothers Yahya, Anas and Ma'bad — Ma'bad the eldest — mawali of Anas ibn Malik al-Ansari." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "died": { "hijri": "0110", "edtf": "0728~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "الشيرازي: مات سنة عشر ومائة وهو ابن سبع وسبعين سنة (PDF ص47). الملخص أعلاه عن المسعودي يقول ابن إحدى وثمانين؛ الاختلاف في العمر مسجل.", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "wikidata": "Q2620027", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ayyub-al-sakhtiyani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/dawud-ibn-abi-hind", "inverse": true, "role": "أخذ عن ابن سيرين (PDF ص48)" }, { "type": "sibling_of", "to": "person/hafsa-bint-sirin", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/hisham-al-dastuwai", "inverse": true, "role": "من أصحاب ابن سيرين (PDF ص48)" }, { "type": "child_of", "to": "person/sirin-father-of-ibn-sirin", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/ayn-al-tamr", "inverse": false }, { "type": "parent_of", "to": "person/sirin-father-of-ibn-sirin", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/wa-nafsun-ma-sawaha", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-247", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-1-537", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-17-1891", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-2-592", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-24-2244", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-31-2646", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-4-843", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-6-1240", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/muqatil-ibn-sulayman", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "مقاتل بن سليمان", "en": "Muqatil Ibn Sulayman" }, "summary": { "ar": "مقاتل بن سليمان من الزيدية والمحدثين والقراء، وله من الكتب كتاب التفسير الكبير وكتاب الناسخ والمنسوخ وكتاب تفسير الخمس مائة آية وكتاب القراءات وكتاب متشابه القرآن وكتاب نوادر التفسير وكتاب الوجوه والنظائر وكتاب الجوابات في القرآن وكتاب الرد على القدرية وكتاب الأقسام واللغات وكتاب التقديم والتأخير وكتاب الآيات والمتشابهات {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 253-254}.", "en": "Muqatil ibn Sulayman — Zaydi muhaddith and qur'anic exegete {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "died": { "edtf": "767", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: EI2; al-Dhahabi (Siyar A'lam al-Nubala)" }, "wikidata": "Q14095767", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/balkh", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/basra", "inverse": false }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "concept/al-wujuh-wal-nazair", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/qatada-ibn-diama", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "قتادة بن دعامة", "en": "Qatada Ibn Diama" }, "summary": { "ar": "قتادة بن دعامة السدوسي، عند ابن الإخشيد أنه لما مات الحسن جلس مجلسه فاعتزله عمرو بن عبيد ونفر معه فسماها قتادة المعتزلة فأظهر عمرو تقبله وقال إن الاعتزال وصف مدحه الله في كتابه {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 557}.", "en": "Successor to al-Hasan's seat who named the seceders al-Mu'tazila {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim}" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "born": { "hijri": "0060", "edtf": "0680~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "الشيرازي: ولد سنة ستين (PDF ص47).", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "died": { "hijri": "0117", "edtf": "0735~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "الشيرازي: مات سنة سبع عشرة ومائة، وكان أعمى (PDF ص47).", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "wikidata": "Q2121486", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abu-jafar-al-razi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/wasit-governorate", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/jami-al-bayan", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/shams-al-aimma-al-sarakhsi", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "شمس الأئمة السرخسي", "en": "Shams al-A'imma al-Sarakhsi" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لشمس الأئمة محمد بن أحمد السرخسي، إمام الحنفية صاحب «المبسوط» في الفقه و«أصول الفقه»، توفي سنة ١٠٩٠م؛ تذكره كتب التراجم ولم تُراجع ترجمته على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Shams al-A'imma Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Sarakhsi, the Hanafi imam author of al-Mabsut and the Usul al-Fiqh, d. 1090; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "persia-central-asia" ], "died": { "edtf": "1090", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: TDV" }, "wikidata": "Q579171", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "hanafi" ], "connections": [ { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/sarakhs", "inverse": false }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/silsilat-ebadu-al-rahman", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "person/sufyan-al-thawri", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "سفيان الثوري" }, "summary": { "ar": "إمام أهل الكوفة في الحديث، صنف في عصر التدوين الأول، وقال الخلفاء خمسة أبو بكر وعمر وعثمان وعلي وعمر بن عبد العزيز، وأمر المنصور نائب مكة بحبسه مع عباد بن كثير سنة ثمان وخمسين ومئة وتخوف الناس أن يقتلهما إذا ورد الحج فمات المنصور قبل ذلك {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 374,426}. وعند المسعودي دخل على المهدي فسلم تسليم العامة ولم يسلم بالخلافة فقال له المهدي أفما تخشى أن نحكم فيك بهوانا فقال إن تحكم فيّ يحكم فيك ملك قادر يفرق بين الحق والباطل، فكتب له عهده على قضاء الكوفة فأخذه وخرج فرمى به في دجلة وهرب فلم يوجد، ومات بالبصرة سنة إحدى وستين ومائة وهو ابن ثلاث وستين سنة {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 312-313}، وعند ابن النديم سفيان بن سعيد بن مسروق الثوري من ولد ثور بن عبد مناة بن أدد بن طابخة وكان يقال إن في بني ثور ثلاثين رجلا ليس منهم رجل دون الربيع بن خثيم وهم بالكوفة وليس بالبصرة منهم أحد، ومات سفيان الثوري بالبصرة مسترا من السلطان ودفن عشاء وذلك في سنة إحدى وستين ومائة وهو ابن أربع وستين سنة وولد سنة سبع وتسعين، وأوصى إلى عمار بن سيف في كتبه فمحاها وأحرقها ولم يعقب سفيان فجعل كل شيء له لأخته وولدها ولم يورث المبارك بن سعيد شيئا، وله كتاب الجامع الكبير وكتاب الجامع الصغير وكتاب الفرائض {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 314-315}. وتقدمه دائرة المعارف الإسلامية فقيها ومحدثا ومفسرا من الجيل الأول من المؤلفين، ومؤسس المدرسة الثورية في الفقه، وقد رحل بين الكوفة والبصرة وصنعاء والحجاز والشام، وفر من تعقب الخلفاء، وتوفي في البصرة في شعبان سنة 161هـ", "en": "Imam of Kufa in hadith, who compiled in the first age of codification and counted the caliphs as five — Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz. In year 158 al-Mansur ordered his Meccan deputy to imprison him with Abbad ibn Kathir, and men feared he would kill them at hajj, but al-Mansur died first {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 374,426}. The Encyclopaedia of Islam presents him as a jurist, hadith transmitter and Qur'an commentator of the first literary generation and founder of the Thawriyya law school, who travelled between Kufa, Basra, Sanaa, the Hijaz and Syria, fled the caliphs' pursuit, and died in Basra in Shaban 161.", "ur": "کوفہ کے امامِ حدیث، جنہوں نے تدوین کے پہلے دور میں تصنیف کی۔ اسلامی دائرۃ المعارف انہیں پہلی ادبی نسل کا فقیہ، محدث اور مفسرِ قرآن اور فقہ کے ثوریہ مکتب کا بانی بتاتی ہے، جنہوں نے کوفہ، بصرہ، صنعاء، حجاز اور شام کے درمیان سفر کیا، خلفا کے تعاقب سے فرار اختیار کیا، اور شعبان 161ھ میں بصرہ میں وفات پائی۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "hijri": "0096", "edtf": "0715~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "debated", "derived": true, "note": "الشيرازي: ولد في خلافة سليمان سنة ست وتسعين، وقيل سبع (PDF ص45).", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "died": { "hijri": "0161", "edtf": "0778~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "الشيرازي: مات سنة إحدى وستين ومائة في خلافة المهدي (PDF ص45).", "sources": [ "source/tabaqat-fuqaha-abbas-1981" ] }, "wikidata": "Q205788", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "related_to", "to": "person/abu-hashim-fadim", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/abu-sulayman-al-darani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ayyub-al-sakhtiyani", "inverse": false }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ibrahim-ibn-uqba", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/death-of-al-mansur", "inverse": false, "role": "المحبوس" }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/dhifaf-al-kawtar", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/madrassat-al-hayat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/muktatafat-mena-al-seera", "inverse": true }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/shorut-kobol-assalat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-3-718", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/sufyan-ibn-uyayna", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "سفيان بن عيينة", "en": "Sufyan ibn Uyayna" }, "summary": { "ar": "سفيان بن عيينة المكي، فقيه الحجاز ومحدثها في القرن الثاني؛ عند البلاذري: كتب إليه عبد الملك بن صالح يستفتيه في أمر أهل قبرس فأجاب «أنا لا نعلم أن الله عاهد قوماً فنقضوا العهد إلا استحل قتلهم، غير أهل مكة فإنه منّ عليهم» — وذلك أن نقضهم كان نصرتهم حلفاءهم على حلفاء رسول الله للعم من خزاعة — وكان من أمر أهل تجران أن أخذ عليهم أن لا يأكلوا الربا فحكم فيهم عمر حين أكلوه بإجلائهم، فإجماع القوم أن من نقض عهداً فلا ذمة له. وروى عن نفسه خبر الفضيل بن عياض مع الرشيد واستعفائه من البدرة وقوله لو طابت لأولئك لطابت لي {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 341-342}، وعند ابن النديم سفيان بن عيينة الهلالي توفي سنة ثمان وتسعين ومائة وكان فقيها فحولا ولا كتاب له يعرف وإنما كان يسمع منه وله تفسير معروف {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 316}", "en": "Sufyan ibn Uyayna of Mecca, jurist and hadith-master of second-century Hijaz; in al-Baladhuri: Abd al-Malik ibn Salih wrote consulting him on the people of Cyprus, and he answered 'we know of no people God covenanted with who broke the covenant without their blood becoming lawful, save the people of Mecca whom He pardoned' — their breach having been aiding their allies against the Messenger's own allies of Khuza'a — adding the case of Tajran's people, bound not to consume usury, whom Umar ruled to exile when they did; the consensus being that whoever breaks a covenant has no dhimma." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "born": { "edtf": "725", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: Siyar" }, "died": { "edtf": "814", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: Siyar" }, "wikidata": "Q7634669", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-humaydi-abd-allah-ibn-al-zubayr", "inverse": true, "role": "أخذ عن ابن عيينة من شيوخ الشافعي (PDF ص53)" }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/al-qasim-ibn-uthman-al-jui", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ali-ibn-al-madini", "inverse": true }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ibrahim-ibn-al-mundhir", "inverse": true }, { "type": "student_of", "to": "person/ibrahim-ibn-uqba", "inverse": false }, { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/muhammad-ibn-sad", "inverse": true }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/fuqaha-consulta-on-cyprus", "inverse": false, "role": "أفتى بأن الناقض لا ذمة له" }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/mecca", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "passage/muwatta-3-718", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/taqi-al-din-al-subki", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "تقي الدين السبكي", "en": "Taqi al-Din al-Subki", "ur": "تقی الدین سبکی" }, "summary": { "ar": "شيخ الإسلام تقي الدين علي بن عبد الكافي السبكي ⁦(٦٨٣–٧٥٦هـ/١٢٨٤–١٣٥٥م)⁩، فقيه شافعي ومحدّث ومتكلم؛ سمع الحديث بمصر في شبيبته ورحل إلى دمشق وحج، ودرّس بالمنصورية وباشر مشيخة دار الحديث الظاهرية بالقاهرة، ثم ولي قضاء قضاة دمشق نحو سبع عشرة سنة وباشر مشيخة الأشرفية والنورية، حتى نزل عن القضاء لولده تاج الدين ورحل إلى مصر فتوفي بها {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 pp. 744-745} {cite:al-bidaya-wal-nihaya s.a. 756 pp. 263-264}.", "en": "Shaykh al-Islam Taqi al-Din Ali ibn Abd al-Kafi al-Subki (683–756/1284–1355), Shafi'i jurist, muhaddith and theologian; he heard hadith in Egypt in his youth, journeyed to Damascus and made the hajj, taught at the Mansuriyya and headed the Zahiriyya hadith school in Cairo, then served as chief qadi of Damascus for about seventeen years, holding the shaykhhood of the Ashrafiyya and Nuriyya, until he ceded the bench to his son Taj al-Din and died in Egypt {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 pp. 744-745} {cite:al-bidaya-wal-nihaya s.a. 756 pp. 263-264}.", "ur": "شیخ الاسلام تقی الدین علی بن عبد الکافی سبکی ⁦(683–756ھ/1284–1355ء)⁩، شافعی فقیہ، محدث اور متکلم؛ جوانی میں مصر میں حدیث سنی، دمشق گئے اور حج کیا، قاہرہ میں منصوریہ میں تدریس اور دار الحدیث ظاہریہ کی شیخت کی، پھر تقریباً سترہ برس دمشق کے قاضی القضاة رہے اور اشرفیہ و نوریہ کی شیخت سنبھالی، یہاں تک کہ بیٹے تاج الدین کو منصب سونپ کر مصر گئے اور وہاں وفات پائی {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 pp. 744-745} {cite:al-bidaya-wal-nihaya s.a. 756 pp. 263-264}۔" }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "egypt-nile", "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "edtf": "1284-04-11~", "hijri": "0683-02-01", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "أول صفر ٦٨٣هـ بسبك العبيد {cite:durar-kamina-jil-1993 3/63}؛ وقيل صفر ٦٨٣هـ/أبريل ١٢٨٤م {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 744}؛ التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/durar-kamina-jil-1993", "source/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "1355-06-16~", "hijri": "0756-06-03", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "derived": true, "note": "ثالث جمادى الآخرة ٧٥٦هـ بالقاهرة ودُفن بسعيد السعداء {cite:durar-kamina-jil-1993 3/70}؛ وقيل جمادى الثانية ٧٥٦هـ/يونيو ١٣٥٥م {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 744}؛ التحويل مشتق.", "sources": [ "source/durar-kamina-jil-1993", "source/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2" ] }, "wikidata": "Q12202948", "status": "published", "sections": [ "shafii" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/taj-al-din-al-subki", "inverse": true, "role": "والده" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/birth-al-subki-683", "inverse": false, "role": "المولود" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-subki-studies-egypt-700", "inverse": false, "role": "الطالب" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-subki-rihla-damascus-hajj-710", "inverse": false, "role": "الرحّالة الحاج" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-subki-mansuriyya-723", "inverse": false, "role": "المدرّس" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-subki-zahiriyya-723", "inverse": false, "role": "شيخ دار الحديث" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-subki-qadi-damascus-739", "inverse": false, "role": "قاضي القضاة الجديد" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-subki-ashrafiyya-740", "inverse": false, "role": "شيخ دار الحديث" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-subki-egypt-summons-743", "inverse": false, "role": "قاضي القضاة المطلوب" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-subki-shamiyya-745", "inverse": false, "role": "المدرّس" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-subki-ibn-qayyim-sulh-750", "inverse": false, "role": "قاضي القضاة الطرف في الخلاف" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/taj-al-din-qadi-756", "inverse": false, "role": "الوالد النازل عن المنصب" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/al-subki-leaves-damascus-756", "inverse": false, "role": "المسافر" }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/death-al-subki-756", "inverse": false, "role": "المتوفَّى" }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/cairo", "inverse": false }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/damascus", "inverse": false }, { "type": "participated_in", "to": "event/taj-al-din-arrives-damascus-739", "inverse": false, "role": "الوالد قاضي القضاة الجديد" } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/umar-ibn-husayn-al-khiraqi", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "عمر بن الحسين الخرقي", "en": "Umar ibn Husayn al-Khiraqi" }, "summary": { "ar": "أبو القاسم عمر بن الحسين بن عبد الله الخرقي، فقيه الحنابلة صاحب المختصر في الفقه على مذهب أحمد بن حنبل الذي صار من أصلين في المذهب، حدّث عن جماعة وروى عنه أبو بكر الشافعي وابن الصواف وعبد العزيز بن جعفر وكان خليفة المروزي؛ توفي يوم الفطر ودفن بباب حرب عند قبر الإمام أحمد بن حنبل {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi p. 207}.", "en": "Abu'l-Qasim al-Khiraqi, the Hanbali jurist whose Mukhtasar became one of the school's two foundational manuals; he died on the day of Fitr and was buried at Bab Harb beside Imam Ahmad's grave {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi p. 207}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "died": { "edtf": "945", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: Siyar A'lam al-Nubala (al-Dhahabi)" }, "wikidata": "Q12228408", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "hanbali", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ibn-batta-al-ukbari-ubayd-allah", "inverse": true }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/baghdad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "buried_in", "to": "place/bab-al-saghir-cemetery", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/waki-ibn-al-jarrah", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "وكيع بن الجراح", "en": "Waki' ibn al-Jarrah" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لوكيع بن الجراح بن مليح الرواسي الكوفي، حافظ الحديث ومحدث الكوفة في القرن الثامن، توفي سنة ٨١٢م؛ تذكره كتب التراجم ولم تُراجع ترجمته على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Waki' ibn al-Jarrah ibn Malih al-Ru'asi al-Kufi, the Kufan hadith master of the eighth century, d. 812; the biographical entry is not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "born": { "edtf": "746", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: Siyar A'lam al-Nubala; Tahdhib al-Kamal" }, "died": { "edtf": "812", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: Siyar A'lam al-Nubala; Tahdhib al-Kamal" }, "wikidata": "Q12251200", "status": "draft", "sections": [ "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "teacher_of", "to": "person/ahmad-ibn-abi-al-hawari", "inverse": true }, { "type": "lived_in", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "person/zufar-ibn-al-hudhayl", "class": "person", "label": { "ar": "زفر بن الهذيل", "en": "Zufar ibn al-Hudhayl" }, "summary": { "ar": "الفقيه صاحب أبي حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت، مات سنة ثمان وخمسين ومائة وهي سنة بيعة المهدي {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 313}.", "en": "Abu Hanifa's companion-jurist, dead in 158 — the year of al-Mahdi's accession {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 313}." }, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "born": { "edtf": "728", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: Tarikh Baghdad (al-Khatib al-Baghdadi)" }, "died": { "edtf": "775", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "derived": true, "note": "Date-enrichment pass; source: Tarikh Baghdad (al-Khatib al-Baghdadi)" }, "wikidata": "Q228203", "status": "published", "sections": [ "hanafi", "salaf" ], "connections": [ { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/isfahan", "inverse": false }, { "type": "born_in", "to": "place/kufa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "died_in", "to": "place/basra", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "question/can-an-age-be-without-a-mujtahid", "class": "question", "label": { "ar": "هل يجوز خلو العصر من مجتهد؟", "en": "Can an age be without an independent reasoner (mujtahid)?", "ur": "کیا کوئی زمانہ مجتہد سے خالی ہو سکتا ہے؟" }, "summary": { "ar": "مسألة أصولية يعرضها الشوكاني في «إرشاد الفحول»: هل يجوز أن يخلو زمان من مجتهد قائم بحجج الله؟ يحكي عن الحنابلة وأبي إسحاق والزبيري المنع، ويختاره ابن دقيق العيد إلى أشراط الساعة، ويحكي الزركشي عن الأكثرين الجواز، وبه جزم صاحب «المحصول»، وقال الغزالي إن العصر خلا من المجتهد المستقل؛ ويرد الشوكاني على القائلين بالخلو ويرى الاجتهاد أيسر على المتأخرين. {cite:irshad-al-fuhul-dar-al-fikr p.255} {cite:irshad-al-fuhul-dar-al-fikr p.256}", "en": "A question of legal theory set out by al-Shawkani in Irshad al-Fuhul: may a time be empty of any independent reasoner upholding God's proofs? He reports that the Hanbalis, Abu Ishaq and al-Zubayri denied it, and that Ibn Daqiq al-Id chose that view up to the great signs of the Hour; al-Zarkashi reports that most allowed it, the author of al-Mahsul affirmed it, and al-Ghazali said the age had become empty of the independent mujtahid. Al-Shawkani answers those who held the age empty and argues that ijtihad is easier for later scholars.", "ur": "اصولِ فقہ کا ایک مسئلہ جسے شوکانی «ارشاد الفحول» میں بیان کرتے ہیں: کیا کوئی زمانہ اللہ کی حجتوں کو قائم کرنے والے مجتہد سے خالی ہو سکتا ہے؟ وہ حنابلہ، ابو اسحاق اور زبیری سے عدمِ جواز نقل کرتے ہیں، اور ابن دقیق العید نے قیامت کی بڑی نشانیوں تک یہی قول اختیار کیا؛ زرکشی اکثر سے جواز نقل کرتے ہیں، «المحصول» کے مصنف نے یہی قطعی کہا، اور غزالی نے کہا کہ زمانہ مجتہدِ مستقل سے خالی ہو گیا۔ شوکانی خلو کے قائلین کا رد کرتے ہیں اور اجتہاد کو متأخرین کے لیے آسان سمجھتے ہیں۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "published", "sections": [ "mafahim" ], "connections": [ { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/irshad-al-fuhul", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/ajurrumiyya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الآجرومية", "en": "Al-Ajurrumiyya" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية للآجرومية لابن آجروم، متن النحو الذي درسته المدارس قروناً؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Ibn Ajurrum's Ajurrumiyya, the grammar primer studied in the schools for centuries; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q4699994", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-bayquniyya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "منظومة البيقونية في مصطلح الحديث", "en": "al-Bayquniyya" }, "summary": { "ar": "منظومة البيقونية في مصطلح الحديث لعمر بن محمد البيقوني ⁦(ت. 1080هـ)⁩ في أربعة وثلاثين بيتاً على بحر الرجز؛ تحفظ أقسام الحديث وشروط الأسانيد والمتون وهي أول متون المصطلح في الدروس {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Al-Manzuma al-Bayquniyya in hadith terminology by Umar ibn Muhammad al-Bayquni (d. 1080 AH) — thirty-four rajaz lines memorising the divisions of hadith and the conditions of isnad and matn; the first mustalah text in the lessons {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-binaya-sharh-al-hidaya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "البناية في شرح الهداية", "en": "al-Binaya fi Sharh al-Hidaya", "ur": "البنایہ فی شرح الہدایہ" }, "summary": { "ar": "شرح بدر الدين العيني على «الهداية» للمرغيناني في عشر مجلدات، يتوسع فيه جداً في تخريج أحاديث الأحكام وبيان مذاهب علماء الأمصار، كما تصفه الترجمة المطبوعة مع عمدة القاري {cite:umdat-qari-ilmiyya-2001-v1 p. 17}.", "en": "Badr al-Din al-'Ayni's commentary on al-Marghinani's al-Hidaya in ten volumes, very full in documenting the hadiths of rulings and setting out the schools of the scholars of the great cities, as the biography printed with 'Umdat al-Qari describes it {cite:umdat-qari-ilmiyya-2001-v1 p. 17}.", "ur": "بدر الدین عینی کی مرغینانی کی «الہدایہ» پر دس جلدوں میں شرح، جس میں احکام کی احادیث کی تخریج اور شہروں کے علماء کے مذاہب کا بہت تفصیلی بیان ہے، جیسا کہ عمدۃ القاری کے ساتھ چھپا ترجمہ اسے بیان کرتا ہے {cite:umdat-qari-ilmiyya-2001-v1 p. 17}۔" }, "wings": [ "words" ], "regions": [ "egypt-nile" ], "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/badr-al-din-al-ayni", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "commentary_on", "to": "work/al-hidayah-marghinani", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "person/al-daraqutni", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-durra-al-alfiyya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الدرة الألفية في علم العربية", "en": "al-Durra al-Alfiyya fi Ilm al-Arabiyya" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـالدرة الألفية في علم العربية؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-Durra al-Alfiyya fi Ilm al-Arabiyya; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q54858108", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-fiqh-al-absat", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الفقه الأبسط", "en": "Al-Fiqh al-Absat" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـالفقه الأبسط؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Al-Fiqh al-Absat; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q125495771", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-fiqh-al-akbar", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الفقه الأكبر", "en": "Al-Fiqh al-Akbar" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لكتاب الفقه الأكبر المنسوب لأبي حنيفة، متن العقيدة الحنفية القديم؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-Fiqh al-Akbar attributed to Abu Hanifa, the old Hanafi creedal text; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q19454977", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-fisal-ibn-hazm", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الفصل في الملل والأهواء والنحل", "en": "al-Fisal fi al-Milal wa-l-Ahwa' wa-l-Nihal", "ur": "الفصل فی الملل والاہواء والنحل" }, "summary": { "ar": "كتاب ابن حزم الأندلسي ⁦(384-456هـ)⁩ في الأديان والفرق ومسائل الكلام، قصد فيه كما يقول إيراد البراهين الراجعة إلى الحس مع بيان اللفظ وترك التعقيد؛ رتّب فيه الفرق المخالفة لدين الإسلام ست مراتب بحسب بعدها، من منكري الحقائق إلى المقرّين ببعض الأنبياء دون بعض، وتكلم على اليهود والنصارى والمجوس والصابئة، ثم على نحل أهل الإسلام التي يجعلها خمساً: أهل السنة والمعتزلة والمرجئة والشيعة والخوارج، ثم على مسائل التوحيد والصفات والقدر والإيمان والإمامة وغيرها {cite:fisal-ibn-hazm-kotobarabia p. 8} {cite:fisal-ibn-hazm-kotobarabia p. 9} {cite:fisal-ibn-hazm-kotobarabia p. 595}.", "en": "Ibn Hazm of al-Andalus's (384-456 AH) work on religions, sects and theological questions, in which he aimed, he says, to present proofs that go back to sense perception, in clear language without obscurity; he ranks the groups opposed to Islam in six degrees of distance, from deniers of reality to those who accept some prophets and not others, discusses Jews, Christians, Magians and Sabians, then the sects of the Muslims, which he counts as five - Ahl al-Sunna, the Mu'tazila, the Murji'a, the Shi'a and the Khawarij - and then questions of divine unity, the attributes, predestination, faith, the imamate and more.", "ur": "ابن حزم اندلسی ⁦(384-456ھ)⁩ کی ادیان، فرقوں اور کلامی مسائل پر کتاب، جس میں ان کے بقول ان کا مقصد حس کی طرف لوٹنے والے براہین پیش کرنا، واضح الفاظ اور پیچیدگی کے بغیر تھا؛ وہ اسلام کے مخالف گروہوں کو ان کی دوری کے اعتبار سے چھ مراتب میں رکھتے ہیں — حقائق کے منکرین سے لے کر بعض انبیا کو ماننے اور بعض کا انکار کرنے والوں تک — یہود، نصاریٰ، مجوس اور صابئہ پر کلام کرتے ہیں، پھر اہلِ اسلام کے فرقوں پر جنہیں وہ پانچ شمار کرتے ہیں: اہلِ سنت، معتزلہ، مرجئہ، شیعہ اور خوارج، اور پھر توحید، صفات، قدر، ایمان، امامت وغیرہ کے مسائل پر۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas", "words" ], "regions": [ "andalus-europe" ], "wikidata": "Q12190965", "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "ukhra", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/zahiri-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/mutazila", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/murjia", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shia", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/khawarij", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/ibadiyya", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/azariqa", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/imamiyya", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/samaritans", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-furu-fi-al-fiqh-al-hanbali", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الفروع في الفقه الحنبلي", "en": "Al-Furu'" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـالفروع في الفقه الحنبلي؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Al-Furu'; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q12190951", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-hawi-al-kabir", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الحاوي الكبير", "en": "Al-Hawi al-Kabir" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـالحاوي الكبير، من مصنفات زكريا الأنصاري؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Al-Hawi al-Kabir, of Zakariyya al-Ansari's corpus; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q109260132", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-hidayah-marghinani", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الهداية شرح بداية المبتدي", "en": "al-Hidaya Sharh Bidayat al-Mubtadi", "ur": "الہدایہ شرح بدایۃ المبتدی" }, "summary": { "ar": "شرح برهان الدين علي بن أبي بكر المرغيناني ⁦(511-593هـ)⁩ على متنه «بداية المبتدي»، الذي جمع فيه بين مختصر القدوري والجامع الصغير لمحمد بن الحسن مع زيادات. ألّفه بعد أن شرح البداية شرحاً كبيراً سماه «كفاية المنتهي» ثم رأى فيه إطناباً، فكتب الهداية جامعاً بين عيون الرواية ومتون الدراية، يذكر لكل قول دليله. صار من أشهر كتب الحنفية وأكثرها تدريساً، وجمع محققه سائد بكداش أكثر من مائة وعشرين عملاً قام عليه من شروح وحواشٍ ومختصرات وتخريجات. {cite:hidaya-bakdash-v1 p.7} {cite:hidaya-bakdash-v1 p.8} {cite:hidaya-bakdash-v1 p.101}", "en": "The commentary of Burhan al-Din Ali ibn Abi Bakr al-Marghinani (511-593 AH) on his own base text Bidayat al-Mubtadi, in which he had combined al-Quduri's Mukhtasar with Muhammad ibn al-Hasan's al-Jami' al-Saghir, with additions. He wrote it after a large commentary on the Bidaya, Kifayat al-Muntahi, which he judged too long; al-Hidaya joins 'the best of the transmitted rulings and the core of understanding', giving evidence for each view. It became one of the best-known and most taught Hanafi books; its editor Sa'id Bakdash counts more than 120 works built on it, commentaries, glosses, abridgements and hadith studies.", "ur": "برہان الدین علی بن ابی بکر مرغینانی ⁦(511-593ھ)⁩ کی اپنے متن «بدایۃ المبتدی» کی شرح، جس میں انہوں نے قدوری کی مختصر اور محمد بن الحسن کی الجامع الصغیر کو زیادات کے ساتھ جمع کیا تھا۔ انہوں نے یہ اس کے بعد لکھی کہ بدایہ کی ایک بڑی شرح «کفایۃ المنتہی» لکھی اور اس میں طوالت دیکھی؛ ہدایہ میں روایت کے عمدہ مسائل اور درایت کے اصول جمع ہیں اور ہر قول کی دلیل مذکور ہے۔ یہ حنفیہ کی مشہور ترین اور سب سے زیادہ پڑھائی جانے والی کتابوں میں سے بنی؛ اس کے محقق سائد بکداش اس پر لکھے گئے ایک سو بیس سے زیادہ کام شمار کرتے ہیں: شروح، حواشی، مختصرات اور تخریجات۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas", "words" ], "regions": [ "persia-central-asia" ], "wikidata": "Q12194651", "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/burhan-al-din-al-marghinani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_commentary", "to": "work/al-binaya-sharh-al-hidaya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "commentary_on", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mubtadi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "relies_on", "to": "work/kifayat-al-muntahi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "relies_on", "to": "work/al-jami-al-saghir-fi-al-fiqh", "inverse": false }, { "type": "relies_on", "to": "work/mukhtasar-al-quduri", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-inaya-sharh-al-hidaya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "العناية شرح الهداية", "en": "al-'Inaya Sharh al-Hidaya" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـالعناية شرح الهداية؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-'Inaya Sharh al-Hidaya; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q31301528", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-jami-al-saghir-fi-al-fiqh", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الجامع الصغير في الفقه", "en": "al-Jami al-Saghir fi al-Fiqh" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـالجامع الصغير في الفقه؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-Jami al-Saghir fi al-Fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q19452954", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "relied_on_by", "to": "work/al-hidayah-marghinani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "relied_on_by", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mubtadi", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-jazariyya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الجزرية — المقدمة الجزرية", "en": "al-Jazariyya" }, "summary": { "ar": "المقدمة الجزرية في التجويد لشمس الدين ابن الجزري ⁦(ت. 833هـ)⁩ في نحو سبعة أبيات ومائة على بحر الرجز، سميت الموقِّدة؛ تجمع مخارج الحروف وصفاتها والتلاوة وأحكام الرسم وهي متن المتقنين في علم التجويد {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Al-Muqaddima al-Jazariyya in tajwid by Shams al-Din Ibn al-Jazari (d. 833 AH) — about a hundred and seven rajaz lines, called 'al-Muwqidda'; it gathers the articulation points and qualities of the letters, the recitation rulings and the rasm, the standard text for the masters of tajwid {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-kafi", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الكافي في علم الدين", "en": "al-Kafi fi 'Ilm al-Din" }, "summary": { "ar": "الكافي في علم الدين لمحمد بن يعقوب الكليني، من أجمع كتب الشيعة الحديثية؛ يحتوي ستة عشر ألف حديث قسمها إلى صحيح وحسن وقوي وضعيف كما فعل أهل السنة، في ثلاثة أجزاء: الأول في الأصول والثاني والثالث في الفروع، واتفق في جمعه عشرون عاماً {cite:duha-islam p. 850, 891}.", "en": "al-Kulayni's al-Kafi — the great Shi'i hadith corpus: sixteen thousand reports sorted sound/fair/weak over three parts {cite:duha-islam p. 850, 891}." }, "wings": [], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "wikidata": "Q2632318", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "ukhra", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/al-kulayni", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/jafari-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/imama", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-kafi-ibn-qudama", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الكافي في فقه الإمام أحمد بن حنبل", "en": "Al-Kafi (Ibn Qudama)" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية للكافي في فقه الإمام أحمد لموفق الدين ابن قدامة المقدسي، مرتبته بين المقنع والمغني؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Ibn Qudama's al-Kafi fi fiqh al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, a comprehensive manual intermediate between al-Muqni and al-Mughni; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q4702645", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/ibn-qudama-al-maqdisi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-kharida-al-bahiyya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الخريدة البهية", "en": "al-Kharida al-Bahiyya" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية للخريدة البهية، منظومة الدردير المشهورة في التوحيد والفقه المالكي المدرّسة في الأزهر؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-Kharida al-Bahiyya, al-Dardir's famous didactic poem on tawhid and Maliki fiqh taught at al-Azhar; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q6725123", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-lubab-fi-al-fiqh-al-shafii", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "اللباب في الفقه الشافعي", "en": "al-Lubab fi al-Fiqh al-Shafii" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـاللباب في الفقه الشافعي؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-Lubab fi al-Fiqh al-Shafii; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q132089068", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-mabsut-sarakhsi", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المبسوط ⁦(السرخسي)⁩", "en": "Al-Mabsut (al-Sarakhsi)" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية للمبسوط لشمس الأئمة السرخسي، أعظم موسوعات الفقه الحنفي أملاه وهو سجين؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-Sarakhsi's al-Mabsut, the 30-volume magnum opus of Hanafi jurisprudence dictated while imprisoned; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q31291244", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-majmu-sharh-al-muhadhdhab", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المجموع شرح المهذب", "en": "al-Majmu' Sharh al-Muhadhdhab", "ur": "المجموع شرح المہذب" }, "summary": { "ar": "شرح يحيى بن شرف النووي ⁦(ت 676هـ)⁩ على «المهذب» لأبي إسحاق الشيرازي في الفقه الشافعي. يشرح عبارة المصنف، ويحرر المذهب وأوجه الأصحاب، ثم يعقد فروعاً بعنوان «في مذاهب العلماء» يذكر فيها أقوال الصحابة والتابعين وأئمة المذاهب مع أدلتهم وجوابه عنها. ولم يتمّه النووي، وفي الطبعة التي في المتحف «تكملة» في أجزاء يكتبها محمد نجيب المطيعي الذي صحّح الكتاب «وأكمله بعد نقصان». {cite:majmu-irshad-v8 p.5} {cite:majmu-irshad-v8 p.27} {cite:majmu-irshad-v8 p.108}", "en": "The commentary of Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (d. 676 AH) on Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's al-Muhadhdhab in Shafi'i law. It explains the author's text, establishes the school's doctrine and the views of its masters, and then gives sections headed 'on the views of the scholars' setting out the positions of Companions, Successors and the founders of the schools with their evidence and al-Nawawi's replies. Al-Nawawi did not finish it; the edition the museum holds has a multi-volume 'Takmila' (completion) by Muhammad Najib al-Muti'i, who corrected the book 'and completed it after it had been incomplete'.", "ur": "یحییٰ بن شرف نووی ⁦(وفات 676ھ)⁩ کی ابو اسحاق شیرازی کی «المہذب» پر شافعی فقہ میں شرح۔ یہ مصنف کی عبارت کی شرح کرتی ہے، مذہب اور اصحاب کی وجوہ کی تحریر کرتی ہے، پھر «فی مذاہب العلماء» کے عنوان سے فروع قائم کرتی ہے جن میں صحابہ، تابعین اور ائمہ مذاہب کے اقوال دلائل کے ساتھ اور نووی کا ان پر جواب ذکر ہوتا ہے۔ نووی اسے مکمل نہ کر سکے؛ میوزیم کے پاس موجود ایڈیشن میں کئی جلدوں پر مشتمل «تکملہ» ہے جو محمد نجیب المطیعی کا ہے، جنہوں نے کتاب کی تصحیح کی «اور ناقص رہنے کے بعد اسے مکمل کیا»۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas", "words" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "wikidata": "Q12192379", "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "commentary_on", "to": "work/al-muhadhdhab-fiqh-shafii", "inverse": false }, { "type": "rules_on", "to": "practice/tawaf", "inverse": false }, { "type": "rules_on", "to": "practice/sai", "inverse": false }, { "type": "rules_on", "to": "practice/udhiyya", "inverse": false }, { "type": "rules_on", "to": "practice/aqiqa", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-mawsua-al-fiqhiyya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الموسوعة الفقهية", "en": "al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya (digital copy)" }, "summary": { "ar": "موسوعة فقهية مرتبة على أبواب العبادات ثم بقية الأبواب، تبدأ بالطهارة ثم الصلاة والجنائز والزكاة والصيام والحج والعمرة. الملف المحفوظ نسخة رقمية من مكتبة الشاملة؛ وصفحة عنوانها تنسبها إلى موقع الدرر السنية بإشراف علوي بن عبد القادر السقاف في ثلاثة أجزاء، وهذا لا يطابق الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية المعروفة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-foulabook-copy p.1} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-foulabook-copy p.2}.", "en": "A fiqh encyclopedia arranged by topic, starting with the worship chapters (purity, prayer, funerals, zakat, fasting, pilgrimage). The digital copy's title page credits the Dorar.net compilation under Alawi al-Saqqaf in three volumes, which does not match the Kuwaiti encyclopedia by name or size." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [ "global" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "maliki", "shafii", "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/tahara", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/fiqh", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-mawsua-al-fiqhiyya-al-kuwaitiyya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية", "en": "al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia)" }, "summary": { "ar": "موسوعة فقهية عصرية تصدرها وزارة الأوقاف والشئون الإسلامية في الكويت. ترتب مصطلحات الفقه ألفبائياً، وتعرض في كل مسألة الاتجاهات الفقهية مع أدلتها، وتستوعب التراث الفقهي حتى القرن الثالث عشر الهجري، ولا تشمل التقنينات ولا الترجيح الشخصي ولا المناقشات المذهبية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1326} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1331} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1341}", "en": "A modern fiqh encyclopedia issued by the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs in Kuwait. Its headwords are fiqh terms arranged alphabetically; under each question it sets out the juristic positions with their evidence, and it covers the legal heritage up to the 13th century AH. It excludes codifications, personal preference and sectarian debate." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [ "global" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "maliki", "shafii", "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/fiqh", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/al-abar", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/ibaha", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-mudawwana-al-jamia", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المدونة الجامعة", "en": "al-Mudawwanah al-Jami'ah" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية للمدونة الجامعة، الموسوعة الحديثية الدولية المحررة بإشراف علمي معاصر؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-Mudawwanah al-Jami'ah, the international hadith encyclopedia edited under contemporary scholarly supervision; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q68814234", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "maliki", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-mudawwana-al-kubra", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المدونة الكبرى", "en": "al-Mudawwana al-Kubra" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية للمدونة الكبرى، جمع سحنون لفتاوى الإمام مالك عن أسد بن الفرات وإليها يرجع فقه المالكية؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-Mudawwana al-Kubra, Sahnun's compilation of Imam Malik's fatwas through Asad ibn al-Furat, the fountainhead of Maliki jurisprudence; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q6735596", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "maliki", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentioned_in", "to": "work/bidayat-al-mujtahid", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-mughni", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المغني", "en": "al-Mughni" }, "summary": { "ar": "شرح ابن قدامة المقدسي على مختصر الخرقي، وهو أشهر شروح المختصر؛ يكتب المسألة من المتن ثم يبيّن أقوال الأئمة وأدلتها ويرجّح، وكان في تسع مجلدات بخط مؤلفه، وأغلب نسخه اليوم في ثلاثة عشر مجلداً. وتذكره دائرة المعارف الإسلامية بين مؤلفات ابن قدامة في الفقه الوضعي، وتقول إنه طُبع في اثني عشر مجلداً في القاهرة بين 1922 و1930م ولا يزال يتمتع بسمعة كبيرة.", "ur": "ابن قدامہ مقدسی کی مختصر الخرقی پر سب سے مشہور شرح، جو مؤلف کے اپنے ہاتھ سے نو جلدوں میں تھی اور آج اس کے زیادہ تر نسخے تیرہ جلدوں میں ہیں۔ اسلامی انسائیکلوپیڈیا اسے ابن قدامہ کی فقہی تصانیف میں گنتا ہے اور کہتا ہے کہ یہ 1922 تا 1930ء قاہرہ میں بارہ جلدوں میں چھپی اور آج بھی بڑی شہرت رکھتی ہے۔", "en": "Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi's commentary on the Mukhtasar of al-Kharaqi, the most famous of its commentaries; he writes out each question from the base text, then lays out the imams' positions and their evidence and gives his preference. It ran to nine volumes in the author's own hand, and most copies today are in thirteen volumes. The Encyclopaedia of Islam lists it among Ibn Qudama's works on positive law and says it was printed in twelve volumes at Cairo in 1922-30 and still enjoys a great reputation." }, "wings": [ "words" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "wikidata": "Q4118573", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/ibn-qudama-al-maqdisi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "commentary_on", "to": "work/mukhtasar-al-kharaqi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/asdaf-al-loaloa", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-muhadhdhab-fi-fiqh-al-shafii", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المهذب في فقه الإمام الشافعي", "en": "Al-Muhadhdhab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi’i" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـالمهذب في فقه الإمام الشافعي؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Al-Muhadhdhab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi’i; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q136768965", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-muhadhdhab-fiqh-shafii", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المهذب في فقه الإمام الشافعي", "en": "Al-Muhadhdhab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i" }, "summary": { "ar": "موسوعة أبي إسحاق الشيرازي الفقهية التي كتبها بين ٤٥٥ و٤٦٩هـ، وصارت مع «التنبيه» من خمسة كتب مرجعية في المذهب الشافعي وعليها جهاز شرحي واسع منه «المجموع شرح المهذب» للنووي {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 495}.", "en": "Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's great fiqh compendium, written between 455/1063 and 469/1077; with al-Tanbih it became one of the five reference works of the Shafi'i school and drew a vast critical apparatus, including al-Nawawi's al-Majmu' sharh al-Muhadhdhab {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 495}.", "ur": "ابو اسحاق شیرازی کا بڑا فقہی ذخیرہ جو 455-469ھ کے درمیان لکھا گیا؛ «التنبیہ» کے ساتھ شافعی مذہب کی پانچ مرجع کتب میں شمار ہوتا ہے اور اس پر وسیع شرحی ادبیات لکھی گئیں جن میں نووی کا «المجموع شرح المھذب» بھی ہے {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 495}۔" }, "wings": [ "time" ], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q20389197", "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/abu-ishaq-al-shirazi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_commentary", "to": "work/al-majmu-sharh-al-muhadhdhab", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-muhalla-ibn-hazm", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المحلى بالآثار", "en": "al-Muhalla bi-l-Athar", "ur": "المحلی بالآثار" }, "summary": { "ar": "«المحلى بالآثار في شرح المجلى بالاختصار» لابن حزم الأندلسي ⁦(ت 456هـ)⁩، شرح مستقل لمتنه الفقهي المختصر «المجلى»، يورد فيه المسألة ثم برهانه من القرآن والسنة والإجماع، ثم أقوال المخالفين ويناقشها؛ وهو أشهر كتب الفقه الظاهري، كتبه مؤلفه إلى المسألة 2034 في هذه الطبعة وأتمه ابنه أبو رافع من «الإيصال»، ثم أكمله ابن خليل في «القدح المعلى». {cite:muhalla-dar-ibn-hazm-2016-v1 p.136} {cite:muhalla-dar-ibn-hazm-2016-v1 p.137} {cite:muhalla-dar-ibn-hazm-2016-v1 p.139} {cite:muhalla-dar-ibn-hazm-2016-v1 p.140}", "en": "Ibn Hazm of al-Andalus's (d. 456 AH) al-Muhalla bi-l-Athar fi Sharh al-Mujalla bi-l-Ikhtisar, an independent commentary on his short legal text al-Mujalla, stating each question, then his proof from the Qur'an, Sunna and consensus, then the opposing views, which he discusses; the best-known book of Zahiri law, written by its author to question 2034 in this edition, completed by his son Abu Rafi' from al-Isal, and later by Ibn Khalil in al-Qadh al-Mu'alla.", "ur": "اندلس کے ابن حزم ⁦(م 456ھ)⁩ کی «المحلی بالآثار فی شرح المجلی بالاختصار»، ان کے مختصر فقہی متن «المجلی» کی مستقل شرح، جس میں وہ مسئلہ بیان کر کے قرآن، سنت اور اجماع سے اپنی دلیل دیتے، پھر مخالفین کے اقوال لا کر ان پر بحث کرتے ہیں؛ ظاہری فقہ کی سب سے مشہور کتاب، جسے مصنف نے اس طبع کے مسئلہ 2034 تک لکھا، ان کے بیٹے ابو رافع نے «الایصال» سے مکمل کیا، اور بعد میں ابن خلیل نے «القدح المعلی» میں تکمیل کی۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas", "words" ], "regions": [ "andalus-europe" ], "wikidata": "Q4702937", "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "ukhra", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/zahiri-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "about", "to": "group/zahiri-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "relies_on", "to": "work/al-isal-ila-fahm-kitab-al-khisal", "inverse": false }, { "type": "relies_on", "to": "work/al-ihkam-fi-usul-al-ahkam", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-muqni", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المقنع", "en": "Al-Muqni'" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـالمقنع؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Al-Muqni'; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q12193653", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-muqni-ibn-qudama", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المقنع ⁦(ابن قدامة)⁩", "en": "Al-Muqni (Ibn Qudama)" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية للمقنع في فقه الإمام أحمد بن حنبل لابن قدامة؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Ibn Qudama's al-Muqni in Hanbali fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q60515659", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/ibn-qudama-al-maqdisi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-mustasfa", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المستصفى من علم الأصول", "en": "al-Mustasfa min Ilm al-Usul", "ur": "المستصفیٰ من علم الاصول" }, "summary": { "ar": "كتاب في أصول الفقه لأبي حامد محمد بن محمد الغزالي ⁦(450-505هـ)⁩، ألّفه بعد عودته إلى التدريس استجابة لطلب طائفة من محصّلي الفقه، وجعله وسطاً بين كتابيه «تهذيب الأصول» و«المنخول»، جامعاً بين الترتيب والتحقيق. بناه على مقدمة منطقية في الحد والبرهان وأربعة أقطاب: الأحكام ⁦(الثمرة)⁩، والأدلة ⁦(المثمر: الكتاب والسنة والإجماع)⁩، وطرق الاستثمار ⁦(وجوه الدلالة الأربعة)⁩، والمستثمر ⁦(المجتهد ومقابله المقلد)⁩. {cite:mustasfa-hafiz-v1 p.71} {cite:mustasfa-hafiz-v1 p.72} {cite:mustasfa-hafiz-v1 p.73} {cite:mustasfa-hafiz-v1 p.100} {cite:mustasfa-hafiz-v1 p.101}", "en": "A work of legal theory by Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali (450-505 AH), written after he returned to teaching at the request of a group of students of law, and meant to sit between his Tahdhib al-Usul and al-Mankhul, joining systematic order with careful inquiry. It is built on a logical introduction on definition and demonstration and four 'poles': rulings (the fruit), the sources (what bears fruit: the Book, the sunna and consensus), the ways of deriving (the four modes of indication), and the one who derives (the mujtahid, opposite whom stands the follower).", "ur": "ابو حامد محمد بن محمد غزالی ⁦(450-505ھ)⁩ کی اصولِ فقہ کی کتاب، جو انہوں نے تدریس کی طرف لوٹنے کے بعد فقہ کے طلبہ کی ایک جماعت کی فرمائش پر لکھی، اور اسے اپنی کتابوں «تہذیب الاصول» اور «المنخول» کے درمیان رکھا، ترتیب اور تحقیق کو جمع کرتے ہوئے۔ یہ حد اور برہان پر ایک منطقی مقدمے اور چار «اقطاب» پر مبنی ہے: احکام ⁦(ثمرہ)⁩، ادلہ ⁦(مثمر: کتاب، سنت اور اجماع)⁩، طرقِ استثمار ⁦(دلالت کے چار طریقے)⁩، اور مستثمر ⁦(مجتہد، اور اس کے مقابل مقلد)⁩۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas", "words" ], "regions": [ "persia-central-asia" ], "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "rules_on", "to": "concept/iqtida-al-nahy-al-fasad", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "work/al-mankhul", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "person/al-baqillani", "inverse": false }, { "type": "rules_on", "to": "concept/al-maslaha-al-mursala", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-muwafaqat", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الموافقات في أصول الشريعة", "en": "al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Shari'a", "ur": "الموافقات فی اصول الشریعہ" }, "summary": { "ar": "كتاب في أصول الشريعة لأبي إسحاق الشاطبي الغرناطي المالكي ⁦(ت 790هـ)⁩، جعله مؤلفه خمسة أقسام: المقدمات العلمية، والأحكام، والمقاصد الشرعية، والأدلة الشرعية، والاجتهاد والتقليد؛ وسماه أولاً «عنوان التعريف بأسرار التكليف» ثم «الموافقات» لرؤيا رآها بعض شيوخه. وأشهر ما فيه كتاب المقاصد الذي يقرر أن التكاليف ترجع إلى حفظ مقاصد ضرورية وحاجية وتحسينية، وأن الضروريات خمس: حفظ الدين والنفس والنسل والمال والعقل، معتمداً على الاستقراء {cite:muwafaqat-mashhur-ibn-affan-v1 p. 9} {cite:muwafaqat-mashhur-ibn-affan-v1 p. 10} {cite:muwafaqat-mashhur-ibn-affan-v1 p. 11} {cite:muwafaqat-draz-ilmiyya p. 221} {cite:muwafaqat-draz-ilmiyya p. 222}.", "en": "A work on the principles of the Shari'a by Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi of Granada, a Maliki (d. 790 AH), which its author divided into five parts: preliminary premises, rulings, the objectives of the law, the legal proofs, and independent reasoning and imitation. He first named it 'Unwan al-Ta'rif bi-Asrar al-Taklif, then al-Muwafaqat because of a dream one of his teachers saw. Its best-known part is the book of objectives, which holds that the obligations of the law serve to preserve necessary, needed and refining purposes, the necessities being five - religion, life, progeny, property and intellect - established by induction.", "ur": "ابو اسحاق شاطبی غرناطی مالکی ⁦(م 790ھ)⁩ کی اصولِ شریعت پر کتاب، جسے مصنف نے پانچ اقسام میں تقسیم کیا: علمی مقدمات، احکام، مقاصدِ شرعیہ، ادلۂ شرعیہ، اور اجتہاد و تقلید۔ انہوں نے پہلے اس کا نام «عنوان التعریف باسرار التکلیف» رکھا، پھر اپنے ایک شیخ کے خواب کی بنا پر «الموافقات»۔ اس کا سب سے مشہور حصہ کتاب المقاصد ہے، جو بیان کرتا ہے کہ شرعی تکالیف ضروری، حاجی اور تحسینی مقاصد کی حفاظت کی طرف لوٹتی ہیں، اور ضروریات پانچ ہیں: دین، جان، نسل، مال اور عقل کی حفاظت — استقرا کی بنیاد پر۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas", "words" ], "regions": [ "andalus-europe" ], "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "maliki", "shafii", "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/abu-ishaq-al-shatibi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "about", "to": "concept/maqasid-al-shariah", "inverse": false }, { "type": "rules_on", "to": "concept/al-daruriyyat-al-khams", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "person/fakhr-al-din-al-razi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "person/abd-al-rahman-ibn-al-qasim", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "person/abu-hanifa", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-rahbiyya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "متن الرحبية في الفرائض", "en": "al-Rahbiyya" }, "summary": { "ar": "الرحبية في علم الفرائض نظم أبي بكر الرحبي عبد الرحمن بن محمد الشافعي ⁦(ت. بعد 571هـ)⁩ في نحو مائتين وخمسة عشر بيتاً على بحر البسيط؛ أشهر متون الفرائض وعليها كثرة الشروح {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Al-Rahbiyya in the science of inheritance shares by Abu Bakr al-Rahbi (d. after 571 AH) — about two hundred and fifteen basit lines; the most famous of the fara'id mutun and one of the most commented {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-risala-shafii", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الرسالة", "en": "Al-Risala" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لكتاب الرسالة للشافعي، المؤسس الأول لعلم أصول الفقه؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-Shafi'i's al-Risala, the founding book of usul al-fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q534888", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "subject_of", "to": "work/asdaf-al-loaloa", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-sharh-al-kabir-ala-al-muqni", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الشرح الكبير على المقنع", "en": "Al-Sharh al-Kabir" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـالشرح الكبير على المقنع؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Al-Sharh al-Kabir; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q12188844", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-shatibiyya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الشاطبية — حرز الأماني", "en": "al-Shatibiyya" }, "summary": { "ar": "حرز الأماني ووجه التهاني في القراءات السبع للقاسم الشاطبي ⁦(ت. 590هـ)⁩ في نحو ألف ومائة وثلاث وسبعين بيتاً على بحر الطويل؛ منظومة علم القراءات التي لخّصت الطيبة? لا — التي جمعت التحرير والطيبة في القراءات السبع من طريقي الشاطبية {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Hirz al-Amani wa-Wajh al-Tahani on the seven readings by al-Qasim al-Shatibi (d. 590 AH) — about 1,173 long-metre lines; the didactic poem that gathered the rules of the seven qira'at through the two Shatibi paths of al-Tayyiba {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-sullam-al-munawraq", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "السلم المنورق في المنطق", "en": "al-Sullam al-Munawraq" }, "summary": { "ar": "السلم المنورق في علم المنطق لعبد الرحمن الأخضري ⁦(ت. 983هـ)⁩ منظومة في مائة وأربعة وأربعين بيتاً على بحر الرجز جمعت أقسام الكلام والمفرد والمركب والتصورات والتصديقات والقياسات والأدلة؛ متن المنطق المدرسي الأول {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Al-Sullam al-Munawraq in the science of logic by Abd al-Rahman al-Akhdari (d. 983 AH) — a didactic poem of a hundred and forty-four rajaz lines gathering the divisions of speech, the simple and the compound, conceptions and assents, syllogisms and proofs; the first logic text of the schools {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-tanbih-fi-al-fiqh-al-shafii", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "التنبيه في الفقه الشافعي", "en": "Al-Tanbih fi al-Fiqh al-Shafi'i" }, "summary": { "ar": "متن أبي إسحاق الشيرازي المختصر في الفقه، صنّفه بين ٤٥٢ و٤٥٣هـ وجاءت عليه أكثر من سبعين شرحاً {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 495}.", "en": "Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's fiqh epitome, composed between 452/1060 and 453/1061; more than seventy commentaries were written on it {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 495}.", "ur": "ابو اسحاق شیرازی کا فقہی متن جو 452-453ھ میں تصنیف ہوا اور جس پر ستر سے زائد شروحات لکھی گئیں {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 495}۔" }, "wings": [ "time" ], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q108806953", "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/abu-ishaq-al-shirazi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-tanqih-fi-sharh-al-wasit", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "التنقيح في شرح الوسيط", "en": "Al-Tanqih fi Sharh al-Wasit" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـالتنقيح في شرح الوسيط؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Al-Tanqih fi Sharh al-Wasit; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q136466270", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-wajiz-fi-fiqh-al-shafii", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الوجيز في فقه الإمام الشافعي", "en": "Al-Wajiz fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية للوجيز في فقه الإمام الشافعي للغزالي، أحد أمهات الفقه الشافعي؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-Ghazali's al-Wajiz fi fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i, a classical manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q16121006", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-waraqat", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الورقات في أصول الفقه", "en": "al-Waraqat" }, "summary": { "ar": "الورقات في أصول الفقه لإمام الحرمين الجويني ⁦(ت. 478هـ)⁩ نثرية قصيرة جمعت أبواب أصول الفقه في ورقتين: الأقسام والأمر والنهي والعام والخاص والمجمل والمبين والظاهر والمؤول والأفعال والمقصود والناسخ والمنسوخ والإجماع والخبر والقياس والاجتهاد والتقليد وترتيب الدلائل والإفتاء والاستفتاء؛ أول متون الأصول درساً {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Al-Waraqat in usul al-fiqh by Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni (d. 478 AH) — a two-page primer gathering the headings of legal theory: divisions, command and prohibition, the general and the specific, the ambiguous and the clarified, abrogation, consensus, reports, analogy, ijtihad, taqlid, the ordering of the proofs and fatwa; the first usul text in the curriculum {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/al-wasit-fil-madhhab", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الوسيط في المذهب", "en": "al-Wasit fi al-Madhhab" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية للوسيط في المذهب لأبي حامد الغزالي في الفقه الشافعي؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-Wasit fi al-Madhhab, al-Ghazali's Shafi'i fiqh manual; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q16121084", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/al-zubad", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "زبد ابن رسلان", "en": "al-Zubad" }, "summary": { "ar": "زبد ابن رسلان في فقه الشافعية لأحمد بن رسلان الجعدي ⁦(ت. 844هـ)⁩ منظومة في نحو مائة وأربعين بيتاً على بحر الرجز لخّصت أبواب فقه المذهب؛ متن نظمي شافعي في الدروس {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Al-Zubad of Ibn Ruslan in Shafi'i fiqh by Ahmad ibn Ruslan al-Ja'di (d. 844 AH) — a didactic poem of about a hundred and forty rajaz lines epitomising the school's fiqh chapters; a Shafi'i verse matn in the lessons {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/alfiyya-al-iraqi", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "ألفية العراقي في أصول الحديث", "en": "Alfiyya al-Iraqi fi Usul al-Hadith" }, "summary": { "ar": "للشيخ الإمام الحافظ زين الدين عبد الرحيم بن الحسين العراقي المتوفى سنة ٨٠٥هـ؛ لخص فيه كتاب علوم الحديث لابن الصلاح وعبر عنه بلفظ الشيخ وزاد عليه، وفرغ عنها بطيبة في جمادى الآخرة سنة ٧٦٨هـ، أولها: يقول راجي ربه المقتدر عبد الرحيم بن الحسين الأثري {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 593}.", "en": "Al-Iraqi's Alfiyya — the thousand-verse epitome of Ibn al-Salah's Ulum al-Hadith with additions, finished at Medina in Jumada al-Akhira AH 768 {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 593}." }, "wings": [], "regions": [ "levant-iraq", "arabia" ], "wikidata": "Q12180251", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/abd-al-rahim-al-iraqi", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/alfiyya-ibn-malik", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الألفية في النحو", "en": "al-Alfiyya fi al-Nahw" }, "summary": { "ar": "للشيخ العلامة جمال الدين أبي عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله الطائي الجياني المعروف بابن مالك النحوي المتوفى سنة ٦٧٢هـ؛ كثرت شروحها وحواشيها حتى بلغت العشرات {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 578-582}.", "en": "Ibn Malik's Alfiyya — the thousand-verse grammar epitome; Kashf al-Zunun lists dozens of commentaries and superglosses on it {cite:kashf-zunun-furqan p. 578-582}." }, "wings": [], "regions": [ "andalus-europe", "levant-iraq" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/ibn-malik-al-jayyani", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/aqida-tahawiyya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "العقيدة الطحاوية", "en": "al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya (the Tahawi creed)" }, "summary": { "ar": "رسالة موجزة في عقيدة أهل السنة والجماعة ألّفها أبو جعفر الطحاوي، يبيّن فيها أنها عقيدة فقهاء الملة أبي حنيفة وأبي يوسف ومحمد بن الحسن، وفيها نحو مئة وأربعة وثلاثين بنداً تبدأ بالتوحيد وتنتهي بالتحذير من الفرق.", "en": "A short statement of the creed of Ahl al-Sunna wa'l-Jama'a by Abu Ja'far al-Tahawi, who presents it as the creed of the jurists of the community Abu Hanifa, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan; about 134 articles from tawhid to a warning against sects." }, "wings": [], "regions": [ "egypt-nile" ], "wikidata": "Q12190349", "status": "draft", "kind": "treatise", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/al-tahawi", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_commentary", "to": "work/sharh-aqida-tahawiyya", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/bad-al-amali", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "بدء الأمالي", "en": "Bad' al-Amali" }, "summary": { "ar": "بدء الأمالي في علم العقيدة منظومة لعلي بن عثمان الأوشي الفرغاني الحنفي ⁦(ت. نحو 575هـ)⁩ في مائة وأربعة وسبعين بيتاً على بحر الرجز؛ تلخص أبواب الاعتقاد الماتريدي الحنفي وهي من متون الطلبة الأولى {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Bad' al-Amali in the science of creed, a didactic poem attributed to Ali ibn Uthman al-Ushi al-Farghani al-Hanafi (d. ca. 575 AH) — a hundred and seventy-four rajaz lines summing the headings of Maturidi Hanafi belief; one of the first student mutun {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/bidayat-al-mubtadi", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "بداية المبتدي", "en": "Bidayat al-Mubtadi", "ur": "بدایۃ المبتدی" }, "summary": { "ar": "متن في الفقه الحنفي ألّفه المرغيناني أولاً، جمع فيه بين مختصر القدوري والجامع الصغير لمحمد بن الحسن، ولم يتجاوزهما إلا فيما دعت الضرورة إليه لكثرة وقوعه، ورتّبه على ترتيب الجامع الصغير؛ ثم شرحه في كفاية المنتهي ثم في الهداية. {cite:hidaya-bakdash-v1 p.7} {cite:hidaya-bakdash-v1 p.50} {cite:hidaya-bakdash-v1 p.51}", "en": "A Hanafi base text that al-Marghinani wrote first, combining al-Quduri's Mukhtasar with Muhammad ibn al-Hasan's al-Jami' al-Saghir, going beyond them only where frequent cases required, and following the order of al-Jami' al-Saghir; he then commented on it in Kifayat al-Muntahi and in al-Hidaya.", "ur": "مرغینانی کا پہلا لکھا ہوا حنفی متن، جس میں انہوں نے مختصر القدوری اور محمد بن الحسن کی الجامع الصغیر کو جمع کیا، اور ان سے صرف وہاں آگے بڑھے جہاں کثرتِ وقوع کی وجہ سے ضرورت تھی، اور اسے الجامع الصغیر کی ترتیب پر رکھا؛ پھر اس کی شرح کفایۃ المنتہی اور پھر الہدایہ میں کی۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas", "words" ], "regions": [ "persia-central-asia" ], "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/burhan-al-din-al-marghinani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_commentary", "to": "work/al-hidayah-marghinani", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "relies_on", "to": "work/mukhtasar-al-quduri", "inverse": false }, { "type": "relies_on", "to": "work/al-jami-al-saghir-fi-al-fiqh", "inverse": false }, { "type": "has_commentary", "to": "work/kifayat-al-muntahi", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/bidayat-al-mujtahid", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "بداية المجتهد ونهاية المقتصد", "en": "Bidayat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihayat al-Muqtasid", "ur": "بدایۃ المجتہد و نہایۃ المقتصد" }, "summary": { "ar": "كتاب في الفقه المقارن للقاضي أبي الوليد محمد بن أحمد بن رشد الحفيد ⁦(520-595هـ)⁩، قال في مقدمته إنه أثبت فيه لنفسه على جهة التذكرة مسائل الأحكام المتفق عليها والمختلف فيها بأدلتها ونكت الخلاف فيها، مما يجري مجرى الأصول لما يرد على المجتهد من المسكوت عنه؛ وقدّم له بمقدمة أصولية في طرق تلقي الأحكام وأصنافها وأسباب الاختلاف الستة. يمضي من كتاب الطهارة إلى كتاب الأقضية، ويذكر في كل مسألة أقوال الصحابة والتابعين وفقهاء الأمصار، مالكاً أولاً ثم أبا حنيفة والشافعي وأحمد والظاهرية وغيرهم، ثم سبب الخلاف، وكثيراً ما يرجّح {cite:bidaya-bakri-bayt-al-afkar p. 6} {cite:bidaya-bakri-bayt-al-afkar p. 17} {cite:bidaya-bakri-bayt-al-afkar p. 1008}.", "en": "A work of comparative law by the judge Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd al-Hafid (520-595 AH). In its preface he says he set down for himself, as an aide-memoire, the legal questions agreed and disputed, with their evidence and the crux of each disagreement, so far as they serve as principles for the questions the law leaves unaddressed; he opens with a legal-theory introduction on the channels through which rulings are received, the kinds of ruling and the six causes of disagreement. It runs from Purity to Judgeships, giving for each question the views of the Companions, Successors and the jurists of the great cities - Malik first, then Abu Hanifa, al-Shafi'i, Ahmad, the Zahiris and others - then the cause of the disagreement, often with his own preference.", "ur": "قاضی ابو الولید محمد بن احمد بن رشد الحفید ⁦(520-595ھ)⁩ کی تقابلی فقہ کی کتاب۔ مقدمے میں وہ کہتے ہیں کہ انہوں نے اسے اپنے لیے یادداشت کے طور پر لکھا: متفق علیہ اور مختلف فیہ احکام کے مسائل، ان کے دلائل اور اختلاف کے نکات کے ساتھ، اس حد تک کہ وہ ان مسائل کے لیے اصول کا کام دیں جن پر شریعت خاموش ہے؛ اور اسے اصولی مقدمے سے شروع کیا جس میں احکام کے حاصل ہونے کے طریقے، احکام کی اقسام اور اختلاف کے چھ اسباب ہیں۔ یہ کتاب الطہارۃ سے کتاب الاقضیہ تک جاتی ہے، اور ہر مسئلے میں صحابہ، تابعین اور فقہائے امصار کے اقوال — پہلے مالک، پھر ابو حنیفہ، شافعی، احمد، ظاہریہ وغیرہ — اور پھر سببِ اختلاف بیان کرتی ہے، اکثر اپنی ترجیح کے ساتھ۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas", "words" ], "regions": [ "andalus-europe" ], "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "maliki", "shafii", "hanbali", "ukhra", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/ibn-rushd", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "relies_on", "to": "work/al-istidhkar", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "work/al-mudawwana-al-kubra", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/zahiri-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/qiyas", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/ikhtilaf", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/dhayl-tabaqat-al-hanabila", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الذيل على طبقات الحنابلة", "en": "al-Dhayl ala Tabaqat al-Hanabila" }, "summary": { "ar": "كتاب ابن رجب الحنبلي ⁦(736–795هـ)⁩ في تراجم فقهاء الحنابلة ومحدثيهم، ذيّل به على طبقات ابن أبي يعلى، ورتبه على الوفيات سنةً سنة؛ ويبدأ جزؤه الثاني في طبعة الفقي بوفيات المائة السابعة من سنة 601. يكثر فيه من النقل عن المؤرخين قبله، ثم يعقّب بقوله «قلت» برأيه ونقده.", "en": "Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali's (736–795 AH) biographical dictionary of Hanbali jurists and traditionists, a continuation of Ibn Abi Ya'la's Tabaqat, arranged by year of death; in al-Fiqi's edition its second part opens the deaths of the seventh century from 601 AH. It quotes earlier historians at length and then adds the author's own judgement, introduced by «qultu» (I say)." }, "wings": [ "words", "people" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "wikidata": "Q12212712", "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/ibn-rajab", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "person/abd-al-ghani-al-maqdisi", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "person/diya-al-din-al-maqdisi", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/fatawa-aimmat-al-muslimin-subki", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "فتاوى أئمة المسلمين بقطع لسان المبتدعين", "en": "Fatawa A'immat al-Muslimin bi-Qat' Lisan al-Mubtadi'in", "ur": "فتاوائمۃ المسلمین بقطع لسان المبتدعین" }, "summary": { "ar": "مجموعة فتاوى جمعها محمود خطاب السبكي تنكر البدع الشعبية في الجنائز والأفراح والمولد، وتعرض ردود علماء الأزهر عليها، ومنها فتوى في السخرية بالشعائر الدينية.", "ur": "محمود خطاب السبکی کا جمع کردہ فتاوے کا مجموعہ جو جنازوں، تقریبات اور میلاد میں عوامی بدعات کے خلاف ازہر کے علماء کے جوابات پر مشتمل ہے۔", "en": "A fatwa collection by Mahmud Khattab al-Subki opposing popular innovations at funerals, celebrations and the mawlid, with replies from Al-Azhar scholars, including a ruling on mocking religious rites." }, "wings": [ "words" ], "regions": [], "status": "published", "kind": "fatwa", "sections": [ "hanafi", "maliki", "shafii", "hanbali", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/gharaib-fiqhiyya-ind-al-shia-al-imamiyya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "غرائب فقهية عند الشيعة الإمامية", "en": "Gharaib Fiqhiyya ind al-Shia al-Imamiyya" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـغرائب فقهية عند الشيعة الإمامية؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Gharaib Fiqhiyya ind al-Shia al-Imamiyya; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q19425847", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "ukhra", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/jafari-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/jawharat-al-tawhid", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "جوهرة التوحيد", "en": "Jawharat al-Tawhid" }, "summary": { "ar": "جوهرة التوحيد لإبراهيم اللقاني المالكي ⁦(ت. 1041هـ)⁩ منظومة في مائة وأربعة وأربعين بيتاً على بحر الرجز جمعت أصول الاعتقاد في الإلهيات والنبوات والسمعيات؛ متن العقيدة المدرسي عند الأزهرية {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Jawharat al-Tawhid by Ibrahim al-Laqani al-Maliki (d. 1041 AH) — a didactic poem of a hundred and forty-four rajaz lines gathering the foundations of belief in the divine, the prophetic and the reports; the Azhari school's aqida text {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/kafi-al-mubtadi", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "كافي المبتدئ من الطلاب", "en": "Kafi al-Mubtadi'" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـكافي المبتدئ من الطلاب؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Kafi al-Mubtadi'; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q131552388", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/kitab-al-umm", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "كتاب الأم", "en": "Kitab al-Umm", "ur": "کتاب الام" }, "summary": { "ar": "كتاب الأم للإمام محمد بن إدريس الشافعي ⁦(150-204هـ)⁩، يرويه عنه الربيع بن سليمان المرادي، ويعرض فيه الشافعي مسائل الفقه بأبوابها مع حججه، ويناظر فيه مخالفيه. في جزئه الثامن كتب الدعوى والبينات والشهادات والأيمان والنذور، وثلاثة كتب في الخلاف: اختلاف العراقيين ⁦(ما اختلف فيه أبو حنيفة وابن أبي ليلى برواية أبي يوسف)⁩، واختلاف علي وعبد الله بن مسعود، واختلاف مالك والشافعي. {cite:kitab-al-umm-wafa-v8 p.1} {cite:kitab-al-umm-wafa-v8 p.217} {cite:kitab-al-umm-wafa-v8 p.513}", "en": "Kitab al-Umm of the Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (150-204 AH), transmitted from him by al-Rabi' ibn Sulayman al-Muradi, in which al-Shafi'i sets out the questions of law chapter by chapter with his arguments and debates his opponents. Its eighth volume holds the books of claims and evidence, testimony, and oaths and vows, and three books on disagreement: the Disagreement of the Iraqis (where Abu Hanifa and Ibn Abi Layla differed, as related by Abu Yusuf), the Disagreement of Ali and Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud, and the Disagreement of Malik and al-Shafi'i.", "ur": "امام محمد بن ادریس شافعی ⁦(150-204ھ)⁩ کی کتاب الام، جسے ان سے ربیع بن سلیمان مرادی روایت کرتے ہیں؛ اس میں امام شافعی فقہ کے مسائل ابواب کی ترتیب سے اپنے دلائل کے ساتھ بیان کرتے ہیں اور مخالفین سے مناظرہ کرتے ہیں۔ اس کی آٹھویں جلد میں دعویٰ و بینات، شہادات، اور ایمان و نذور کی کتابیں ہیں، اور اختلاف پر تین کتابیں: اختلاف العراقیین ⁦(جن مسائل میں امام ابو حنیفہ اور ابن ابی لیلیٰ نے اختلاف کیا، ابو یوسف کی روایت سے)⁩، اختلاف علی و عبد اللہ بن مسعود، اور اختلاف مالک و الشافعی۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas", "words" ], "regions": [ "egypt-nile", "arabia", "levant-iraq" ], "wikidata": "Q3815705", "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "has_part", "to": "work/ikhtilaf-al-iraqiyyin", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "work/ikhtilaf-ali-wa-ibn-masud", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "work/ikhtilaf-malik-wal-shafii", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "rules_on", "to": "concept/al-qada-bil-yamin-maa-al-shahid", "inverse": false }, { "type": "rules_on", "to": "concept/tadmin-al-sunna", "inverse": false }, { "type": "rules_on", "to": "practice/raf-al-yadayn-fil-salah", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/madkhal-al-shari-al-sharif-ala-al-madhahib", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "مدخل الشرع الشريف على المذاهب", "en": "Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـمدخل الشرع الشريف على المذاهب؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Madkhal al-Shari al-Sharif ala al-Madhahib; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q19455697", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "maliki", "shafii", "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "concept/madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/madkhal-ila-madhhab-ahmad", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المدخل إلى مذهب الإمام أحمد بن حنبل", "en": "al-Madkhal ila Madhhab al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal" }, "summary": { "ar": "كتاب ابن بدران في مقدمة وثمانية عقود تعرّف بالمذهب الحنبلي: عقائد الإمام، وسبب اختيار المذهب، وأصوله، ومسلك أصحابه، وأصوله الفقهية، ومصطلحاته، وكتبه المشهورة، وأقسام الفقه عند الحنابلة.", "en": "Ibn Badran's book in an introduction and eight chapters introducing the Hanbali school: the Imam's creed, the reason the school was chosen, its principles, the path of his companions, its legal theory, its terminology, its famous books, and the divisions of jurisprudence among the Hanbalis." }, "wings": [], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/majmu-al-fatawa", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "مجموع الفتاوى", "en": "Majmu' al-Fatawa", "ur": "مجموع الفتاویٰ" }, "summary": { "ar": "المجموع الكبير لفتاوى تقي الدين ابن تيمية ⁦(ت 728هـ)⁩ ورسائله وقواعده، جمعه ورتبه على الموضوعات عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن قاسم وساعده ابنه محمد، وطبع مرات منها طبعة مجمع الملك فهد بالمدينة ⁦(1425هـ/2004م)⁩ وطبعة دار الوفاء بعناية عامر الجزار وأنور الباز في سبعة وثلاثين مجلداً آخرها الفهارس العامة.", "en": "The great collection of the fatwas, treatises and rules of Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728 AH), gathered and arranged by subject by Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim with the help of his son Muhammad; it has been printed several times, among them by the King Fahd Complex in Medina (1425 AH / 2004) and by Dar al-Wafa' under Amir al-Jazzar and Anwar al-Baz in thirty-seven volumes, the last being the general indexes." }, "wings": [ "ideas", "words" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "has_part", "to": "work/al-tuhfa-al-iraqiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "work/al-ubudiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "work/kitab-al-iman-ibn-taymiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/matn-abi-shuja", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "متن أبي شجاع — غاية الاختصار", "en": "Matn Abi Shujaʿ" }, "summary": { "ar": "غاية الاختصار المعروف بمتن أبي شجاع في فقه الشافعية لأحمد بن الحسين بن أحمد الأصفهاني أبي شجاع ⁦(ت. 593هـ تقريباً)⁩ نثرية جمعت أبواب الفقه من الطهارة إلى الجنايات؛ أشهر متون الشافعية للمبتدئ {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Ghayat al-Ikhtisar, known as Matn Abi Shuja', in Shafi'i fiqh by Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Asfahani Abu Shuja' (d. ca. 593 AH) — a prose manual gathering the fiqh chapters from tahara to jinayat; the best-known Shafi'i primer for beginners {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/matn-al-idah-fi-al-manasik", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "متن الإيضاح في المناسك", "en": "Matn al-Idah fi al-Manasik" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـمتن الإيضاح في المناسك؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Matn al-Idah fi al-Manasik; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q20403485", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/matn-al-minhaj-fi-madhhab-al-shafii", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "متن المنهاج في مذهب الإمام الشافعي", "en": "Matn al-Minhaj fi Madhhab al-Shafii" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـمتن المنهاج في مذهب الإمام الشافعي؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Matn al-Minhaj fi Madhhab al-Shafii; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q19443325", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/matn-al-quduri", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "متن القدوري — مختصر القدوري", "en": "Matn al-Quduri" }, "summary": { "ar": "مختصر القدوري في فقه الحنفية لأحمد بن محمد القدوري البغدادي ⁦(ت. 428هـ)⁩ نثرية في نحو اثني عشر ألف مسألة جمعت زاد المتقن من فقه المذهب؛ من متون الحنفية المدرسية الكبرى التي عليها تبنى الشروح والحواشي {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Mukhtasar al-Quduri in Hanafi fiqh by Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Quduri of Baghdad (d. 428 AH) — a prose manual of some twelve thousand mas'alas gathering the student's provision of the school's fiqh; one of the great Hanafi teaching mutun on which the shuruh and hawashi are built {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/matn-ibn-ashir", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "المرشد المعين على الضروري من علوم الدين", "en": "Matn Ibn Ashir" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية للمرشد المعين على الضروري من علوم الدين لعبد الواحد بن عاشر، المنظومة المالكية الأشعرية؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Ibn Ashir's al-Murshid al-mu'in, the classical didactic poem on Maliki fiqh and Ash'ari creed; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q54887667", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "maliki", "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/minhaj-al-talibin-nawawi", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "منهاج الطالبين وعمدة المفتين", "en": "Minhaj al-Talibin (al-Nawawi)" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لمنهاج الطالبين للنووي، عمدة متون الفقه الشافعي المتأخر؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for al-Nawawi's Minhaj al-talibin, the paramount manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q19486167", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/mughni-al-muhtaj", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "مغني المحتاج", "en": "Mughni al-Muhtaj" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـمغني المحتاج، من مصنفات زكريا الأنصاري؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Mughni al-Muhtaj, of Zakariyya al-Ansari's corpus; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q108941057", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/mukhtasar-al-buwayti", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "مختصر البويطي", "en": "Mukhtasar al-Buwayti" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـمختصر البويطي؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Mukhtasar al-Buwayti; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q125496549", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/mukhtasar-al-kharaqi", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "مختصر الخرقي", "en": "Mukhtasar al-Kharaqi" }, "summary": { "ar": "أشهر متون المذهب الحنبلي عند المتقدمين والمتوسطين، مختصر في الفقه صنّفه الخرقي، وعدّ مسائله أبو إسحاق البرمكي ألفين وثلاث مئة مسألة.", "en": "The most famous base text of the Hanbali school among its early and middle generations, a concise work on jurisprudence composed by al-Kharaqi; Abu Ishaq al-Barmaki counted its questions at two thousand three hundred." }, "wings": [], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "has_commentary", "to": "work/al-mughni", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/mukhtasar-al-khiraqi", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "مختصر الخرقي", "en": "Mukhtasar al-Khiraqi" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لمختصر الخرقي لعمر بن الحسين الخرقي، أول متون الفقه الحنبلي؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Umar ibn al-Husayn al-Khiraqi's Mukhtasar, the foundational Hanbali fiqh manual; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q19470569", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/mukhtasar-al-muzani", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "مختصر المزني", "en": "Mukhtasar al-Muzani" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـمختصر المزني؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Mukhtasar al-Muzani; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q65232009", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/mukhtasar-al-sawaiq-al-mursala", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "مختصر الصواعق المرسلة ⁦(لابن الموصلي)⁩", "en": "Mukhtasar al-Sawa'iq al-Mursala (Ibn al-Mawsili)", "ur": "مختصر الصواعق المرسلہ ⁦(ابن الموصلی)⁩" }, "summary": { "ar": "مختصر لكتاب «الصواعق المرسلة» لابن القيم، صنعه شمس الدين محمد بن الموصلي ⁦(ت 774هـ)⁩، وهو أقدم مختصرَي الكتاب وأشهرهما، وتعظم أهميته لأنه حفظ اختصار الجزء المفقود من الأصل؛ وقد طبع مراراً، منها طبعة الحسن بن عبد الرحمن العلوي في أربعة مجلدات ⁦(أضواء السلف، الرياض، 1425هـ/2004م)⁩.", "en": "An abridgement of Ibn al-Qayyim's al-Sawa'iq al-Mursala by Shams al-Din Muhammad Ibn al-Mawsili (d. 774 AH), the older and better known of the book's two abridgements, important because it preserves an abridgement of the part of the original now lost; it has been printed several times, among them by al-Hasan ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Alawi in four volumes (Adwa' al-Salaf, Riyadh, 1425 AH / 2004)." }, "wings": [ "ideas", "words" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "work/al-sawaiq-al-mursala", "inverse": false, "role": "اختصار له" } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/mukhtasar-al-tahawi", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "مختصر الطحاوي", "en": "Mukhtasar al-Tahawi" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـمختصر الطحاوي؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Mukhtasar al-Tahawi; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q136564623", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/mukhtasar-khalil", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "مختصر خليل", "en": "Mukhtasar Khalil" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لمختصر خليل بن إسحاق الجندي، متن الفقه المالكي؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi's Mukhtasar, the Maliki fiqh manual; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q6933513", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "maliki", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/muwatta-malik", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الموطأ", "en": "Muwatta of Imam Malik" }, "summary": { "ar": "كتاب الموطأ لإمام دار الهجرة مالك بن أنس ⁦(ت 179هـ)⁩: من أوائل مصنفات الحديث والفقه المرتبة على الأبواب، جمعه في المدينة المنورة. روايته الأشهر رواية يحيى بن يحيى الليثي، وتتوزع كتبها من الصلاة إلى العقيقة. تصفه دائرة المعارف الإسلامية بأنه أقدم كتاب في الشريعة وصل إلينا، يقوم على عمل المدينة، وتعرف له خمس عشرة رواية.", "en": "The Muwatta of Imam Malik ibn Anas (d. 179 AH): one of the earliest hadith and jurisprudence works arranged by chapter, compiled in Medina. Its most widely read transmission is the recension of Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi. The Encyclopaedia of Islam describes it as the earliest surviving Muslim law-book, resting on the practice of Medina, and records fifteen recensions.", "ur": "امام مالک بن انس کی موطأ ⁦(وفات 179ھ)⁩: ابواب کے لحاظ سے مرتب حدیث و فقہ کی ابتدائی کتابوں میں سے، جو مدینہ میں جمع ہوئی۔ سب سے مشہور روایت یحییٰ بن یحییٰ لیثی کی ہے۔ دائرۃ المعارف الاسلامیہ اسے سب سے قدیم باقی ماندہ مسلم قانونی کتاب بتاتا ہے جو مدینہ کے عمل پر قائم ہے، اور اس کی پندرہ روایات کا ذکر کرتا ہے۔" }, "wings": [ "words" ], "regions": [ "arabia" ], "wikidata": "Q1050556", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "maliki", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/malik-ibn-anas", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_commentary", "to": "work/al-istidkar", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_commentary", "to": "work/al-tamhid-ibn-abd-al-barr", "inverse": true }, { "type": "relied_on_by", "to": "work/jami-al-usul", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/maliki-madhhab", "inverse": false }, { "type": "relied_on_by", "to": "work/tajrid-al-sihah", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-01-salat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-02-janaza", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-03-zakat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-04-siyam", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-05-itikaf", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-06-hajj", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-07-jihad", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-08-nudhur", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-09-dahaya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-10-dhaba-ih", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-11-sayd", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-12-aqiqa", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-13-faraid", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-14-nikah", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-15-talaq", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-16-radaa", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-17-buyu", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-18-qiraad", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-19-musaqat", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-20-kira-al-ard", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-21-shufa", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-22-aqdiya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-23-wasiyya", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-24-itq", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-25-mukatab", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-26-mudabbar", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-27-hudud", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-28-ashriba", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-29-uqul", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-30-qasama", "inverse": true }, { "type": "has_part", "to": "passage/muwatta-kitab-31-jami", "inverse": true }, { "type": "related_to", "to": "concept/kutub-al-sitta", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/nihayat-al-hidaya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "نهاية الهداية إلى تحرير السبل", "en": "Nihayat al-Hidaya" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـنهاية الهداية إلى تحرير السبل، من مصنفات زكريا الأنصاري؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Nihayat al-Hidaya, of Zakariyya al-Ansari's corpus; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q109258513", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/nukhbat-al-fikar", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "نخبة الفكر في مصطلح أهل الأثر", "en": "Nukhbat al-Fikar" }, "summary": { "ar": "نخبة الفكر في مصطلح أهل الأثر لابن حجر العسقلاني ⁦(ت. 852هـ)⁩ نثرية جمعت قواعد علم الحديث في قليل من الأوراق؛ شرحها المؤلف بنفسه «نزهة النظر» وهي متن المتوسطين في المصطلح {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Nukhbat al-Fikar in the terminology of the hadith folk by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 852 AH) — a few pages of prose gathering the rules of hadith science; the author commented it himself in 'Nuzhat al-Nazar', the intermediate mustalah text {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/qatr-al-nada", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "قطر الندى وبل الصدى", "en": "Qatr al-Nada" }, "summary": { "ar": "قطر الندى وبل الصدى في النحو لعبد الله بن يوسف بن هشام الأنصاري ⁦(ت. 761هـ)⁩ نثرية جمعت أقسام الكلام والمبتدأ والخبر والنواسخ والأفعال والمفعولات والحال والتمييز والاستثناء وأسلوب الحال والمنادى والحروف والأسماء المبهمة والمرفوعات والمنصوبات والمجرورات والعطف؛ متن النحو بعد الآجرومية في الدروس {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Qatr al-Nada wa-Ball al-Sada in grammar by Ibn Hisham al-Ansari (d. 761 AH) — a prose matn gathering the parts of speech, mubtada and khabar, the abrogating verbs, objects, hal, tamyiz, exception, the vocative, the particles, the declensions and the coordination; the grammar text that follows the Ajurrumiyya in the lessons {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/risala-qayrawani", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "الرسالة ⁦(ابن أبي زيد)⁩", "en": "Al-Risalah (Ibn Abi Zayd)" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية للرسالة لابن أبي زيد القيرواني، المختصر المالكي الشهير؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani's Risala, the famous Maliki epitome; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q12187774", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "maliki", "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/safinat-al-najah", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "سفينة النجاة", "en": "Safinat al-Najah" }, "summary": { "ar": "سفينة النجاة في فقه الشافعية لسالم بن عبد الله بن سمير الحضرمي ⁦(ت. 1271هـ)⁩ نثرية جمعت أوائل العبادات والمعاملات على المذهب؛ متن المبتدئ في مدارس حضرموت وجاوة {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "Safinat al-Najah in Shafi'i fiqh by Salim ibn Abdullah ibn Sumayr al-Hadrami (d. 1271 AH) — a prose primer gathering the first chapters of worship and dealings on the school; the beginner's text in the Hadramawt and Javanese schools {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/sharh-maani-al-athar-tahawi", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "شرح معاني الآثار", "en": "Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لشرح معاني الآثار للإمام أبي جعفر الطحاوي، في الجمع بين الآثار والاستنباط الفقهي؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Imam al-Tahawi's Sharh ma'ani al-athar, reconciling prophetic traditions with legal deduction; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q25549758", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanafi", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "has_commentary", "to": "work/nukhab-al-afkar", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanafi-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/tabaqat-al-fuqaha-al-shafiiyya", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "طبقات الفقهاء الشافعية", "en": "Tabaqat al-Fuqaha' al-Shafi'iyya" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـطبقات الفقهاء الشافعية؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Tabaqat al-Fuqaha' al-Shafi'iyya; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q109260226", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/ibn-al-salah", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/tabaqat-al-hanabila", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "طبقات الحنابلة", "en": "Tabaqat al-Hanabilah" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لطبقات الحنابلة لابن أبي يعلى؛ لم تُراجع مصادره على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for Ibn Abi Ya'la's Tabaqat al-Hanabila; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q6810907", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] }, { "id": "work/tabaqat-al-shafiiyya-al-kubra", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "طبقات الشافعية الكبرى", "en": "Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyya al-Kubra", "ur": "طبقات الشافعیہ الکبریٰ" }, "summary": { "ar": "معجم تاج الدين السبكي الأكبر في تراجم علماء الشافعية، وهو أكبر ثلاث نسخ من «الطبقات» — الكبرى والوسطى والصغرى — جمع فيه التاريخ والأدب والفقه والحديث على غرار «تبيين كذب المفتري» لابن عساكر مع أُسس أوسع {cite:durar-kamina-jil-1993 2/425} {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 745}.", "en": "Taj al-Din al-Subki's great biographical dictionary of Shafi'i scholars, the largest of his three Tabaqat versions (kubra, wusta, sughra), combining history, adab, law and tradition on the model of Ibn 'Asakir's Tabyin kadhib al-muftari but on broader foundations {cite:durar-kamina-jil-1993 2/425} {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 745}.", "ur": "تاج الدین سبکی کا شافعی علماء کا بڑا معجم تراجم، جو ان کی تین «طبقات» اصناف ⁦(کبریٰ، وسطیٰ، صغریٰ)⁩ میں سب سے بڑی ہے؛ اس میں ابن عساکر کے «تبیین کذب المفتری» کے نمونے پر مگر وسیع تر بنیادوں پر تاریخ، ادب، فقہ اور حدیث جمع ہیں {cite:durar-kamina-jil-1993 2/425} {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 9 p. 745}۔" }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [ "levant-iraq" ], "wikidata": "Q6810913", "status": "published", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "shafii", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/taj-al-din-al-subki", "inverse": true }, { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/shafii-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/tabaqat-fuqaha", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "طبقات الفقهاء", "en": "Tabaqat al-fuqaha' (Shirazi)" }, "summary": { "ar": "كتاب أبي إسحاق الشيرازي في تراجم فقهاء المذاهب، مرتب بالطبقات، ويركز على الفقهاء الشافعية وعلى تسلسل الحفظ والتدريس في المذهب.", "en": "Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's biographical dictionary of jurists by generations, focusing on the Shafi'i school and on the transmission of teaching within it." }, "wings": [], "regions": [ "levant-iraq", "persia-central-asia" ], "wikidata": "Q28716532", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [ { "type": "authored_by", "to": "person/abu-ishaq-al-shirazi", "inverse": true } ], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/tuhfat-al-atfal", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "تحفة الأطفال", "en": "Tuhfat al-Atfal" }, "summary": { "ar": "نظم في التجويد لسليمان الجمزوري ⁦(ت. نحو 1316هـ)⁩ في نحو إحدى وستين بيتاً على بحر الرجز، يجمع أصول النون الساكنة والتنوين والميم الساكنة والمدود وما يلزم المبتدئ من التلاوة؛ أوسع متون التجويد انتشاراً في حلق التحفيظ {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}.", "en": "A tajwid didactic poem by Sulayman al-Jamzuri (d. ca. 1316 AH) — some sixty-one rajaz lines gathering the rules of the still nun and tanwin, the still mim and the kinds of madd, the beginner's first tajwid text and the most widely memorised of the tajwid mutun {cite:al-mutun-al-ilmiyya-azhar} {cite:al-aalam}." }, "wings": [ "ideas" ], "regions": [], "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "kutub" ], "connections": [], "prose": [ "ar", "en", "ur" ] }, { "id": "work/umdat-al-fiqh-ibn-qudama", "class": "work", "label": { "ar": "عمدة الفقه", "en": "'Umdat al-Fiqh" }, "summary": { "ar": "بطاقة أولية لـعمدة الفقه؛ لم تُراجع مصادرها على الصفحة بعد.", "en": "Draft card for 'Umdat al-Fiqh; its sources are not yet checked on the page." }, "wings": [], "regions": [], "wikidata": "Q63122594", "status": "draft", "kind": "book", "sections": [ "hanbali", "kutub", "dhikr" ], "connections": [ { "type": "mentions", "to": "group/hanbali-madhhab", "inverse": false } ], "prose": [] } ] }