{
 "id": "object/mushaf-birmingham",
 "class": "object",
 "slug": "mushaf-birmingham",
 "label": {
  "ar": "مصحف برمنغهام",
  "en": "Birmingham Quran manuscript"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "رقوق قرآنية مكتوبة بالحجازي في جامعة برمنغهام؛ أرّخها الكربون المشع بين 568 و645م، فهي من أقدم أوراق المصحف المعروفة.",
  "en": "Hijazi-script parchment folios at the University of Birmingham; radiocarbon dated 568–645 CE, among the oldest known Qur'an leaves."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "objects"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "scripture-and-its-sciences",
  "arts-of-the-book"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 567.999958931395,
  "latest": 646.0001916534588
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0568/0645",
   "calendar": "gregorian"
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "manuscript",
  "made": {
   "edtf": "0568/0645",
   "calendar": "gregorian"
  },
  "holding_institution": "University of Birmingham",
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q20722902"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikidata"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High), 2026-10-16"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "رقوق قرآنية مكتوبة بالحجازي في جامعة برمنغهام؛ أرّخها الكربون المشع بين 568 و645م، فهي من أقدم أوراق المصحف المعروفة. {cite:wikidata}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "object/mushaf-birmingham",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Qur'anic parchments written in Hijazi script at the University of Birmingham; radiocarbon dating places them between 568 and 645 CE, making them among the oldest known Qur'an leaves. {cite:wikidata}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "object/mushaf-birmingham",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "برمنگھم یونیورسٹی میں حجازی خط میں لکھے قرآنی اوراق؛ ریڈیو کاربن سے ان کی تاریخ 568 سے 645ء کے درمیان متعین ہوئی، جو معلوم قرآنی اوراق میں سب سے قدیم ہیں۔ {cite:wikidata}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "object/mushaf-birmingham",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/islamic-calligraphy",
  "object/al-mushaf-al-azraq",
  "concept/abjad-kings-etymology",
  "concept/al-ahruf-al-sabaa",
  "concept/al-hadith-al-nabawi",
  "concept/al-shamail-al-muhammadiyya",
  "concept/al-sira-al-nabawiyya",
  "concept/amr-nahy"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}