{
 "id": "passage/arbaun-19",
 "class": "passage",
 "slug": "arbaun-19",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الأربعون 19 — يا غلام إني أعلمك كلمات",
  "en": "Arba'un 19 — O boy, I shall teach you words"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "حديث عبد الله بن عباس، وهو الحديث التاسع عشر في الأربعين النووية وفي شرح ابن رجب؛ رواه الترمذي (2516) وقال حسن صحيح من رواية حنش الصنعاني عن ابن عباس — وهي أصح الطرق عند ابن منده — وخرجه أحمد بلفظ أتم «يا غلام أو يا غليم ألا أعلمك كلمات ينفعك الله بهن» وفيه زيادة «تعرف إلى الله في الرخاء يعرفك في الشدة» و«واعلم أن في الصبر على ما تكره خيراً كثيراً وأن النصر مع الصبر وأن الفرج مع الكرب وأن مع العسر يسراً»، وروي من طرق كثيرة عن ابن عباس من رواية ابنه علي ومولاه عكرمة وعطاء وعمرو بن دينار وعمر مولى غفرة وابن أبي مليكة، ومن حديث علي بن أبي طالب وأبي سعيد الخدري وسهل بن سعد وعبد الله بن جعفر وفيها ضعف، وذكر العقيلي أن أسانيدها كلها لينة بعضها أصلح من بعض؛ وقال ابن رجب إن الحديث يتضمن وصايا عظيمة وقواعد كلية من أهم أمور الدين وإنه أفرد لشرحه جزءاً هو كتاب «نور الاقتباس في مشكاة وصية النبي لابن عباس»، ونقل عن بعض العلماء — وهو في أصل أبي الفرج — أنه تدبر الحديث فأدهشه وكاد يطيش؛ وفسر «احفظ الله» بحفظ حدوده وحقوقه وأوامره ونواهيه بالوقوف عند أوامره بالامتثال وعند نواهيه بالاجتناب، وأن من أعظم ما يحفظ الصلاة والطهارة والأيمان وحفظ الرأس والبطن، وفي قوله «إذا سألت فاسأل الله وإذا استعنت فاستعن بالله» توحيد الطلب والاستعانة لأن الأمة لو اجتمعت على نفع أو ضر لم يكونا إلا بما كتب الله — رفعت الأقلام وجفت الصحف — وبيّن أن الرضا فضل مندوب والصبر واجب حتم وفيه خير كثير وأن النصر مع الصبر يشمل الجهادين الظاهر والباطن (جامع العلوم والحكم ص 432–463).",
  "en": "Abdullah ibn Abbas's hadith, the nineteenth of al-Nawawi's Forty and of Ibn Rajab's commentary; transmitted by al-Tirmidhi (2516, hasan sahih) through Hanash al-San'ani — the soundest route in Ibn Mandah's view — and by Ahmad in a fuller wording beginning 'O boy, shall I not teach you words by which God will benefit you', adding 'be known to God in ease and He will know you in hardship' and 'know that in patience over what you dislike lies much good, that victory is with patience, relief with affliction and with hardship ease'; it is narrated from Ibn Abbas through many routes — his son Ali, his freedman Ikrimah, Ata, Amr ibn Dinar, Amr mawla Ghafra and Ibn Abi Mulayka — and from Ali ibn Abi Talib, Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, Sahl ibn Sa'd and Abdullah ibn Ja'far with weakness, al-Uqayli noting all its chains are soft, some better than others; Ibn Rajab says it comprises great counsels and universal maxims among the religion's most important matters, that he devoted a separate treatise to it — Nur al-Iqtibas fi Mishkat Wasiyyat al-Nabi li-Ibn Abbas — and cites the scholar named in one manuscript as Abu al-Faraj who was stunned upon contemplating it; he glosses 'guard God' as guarding His limits, rights, commands and prohibitions by standing at His commands in obedience and His prohibitions in avoidance — the greatest of what is guarded being prayer, ablution, oaths and the head and belly — and the clauses 'if you ask, ask God; if you seek help, seek God's help' as unifying petition and reliance since the whole community's benefit or harm can only be what God has written — 'the pens are lifted and the scrolls dried' — and explains that contentment is a commended excellence while patience is binding on the believer with much good in it, and that 'victory is with patience' covers both jihads, the outer and the inner (Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam pp. 432–463)."
 },
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 "data": {
  "unit": "hadith",
  "work": "work/arbaun-nawawi",
  "ref": "19",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam (Dar Ibn Kathir 1429/2008), hadith 19 pp. 432–463",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
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  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); matn exceeds the 40-word excerpt limit so it is summarised not stored; takhrij from pp. 432–434, hifz gloss p. 434, sabr discussion pp. 451–459"
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