{
 "id": "period/abbasid-fragmentation",
 "class": "period",
 "slug": "abbasid-fragmentation",
 "label": {
  "en": "Abbasid Fragmentation",
  "ar": "عصر تفكك الخلافة العباسية"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "The decades when regional dynasties such as the Tulunids, Samanids and Saffarids won real autonomy while Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad lost control of the army and provinces.",
  "ar": "العقود التي نالت فيها سلالات إقليمية كالطولونيين والسامانيين والصفاريين استقلالًا فعليًا بينما فقد الخلفاء العباسيون في بغداد السيطرة على الجيش والأقاليم."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "levant-iraq",
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 861.0025530982841,
  "latest": 946.0008761302106
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0861~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "historical",
   "note": "Conventional start: the troubles after the murder of al-Mutawakkil; scholars place the transition differently."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0945",
   "hijri": "0334",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "note": "The Buyids enter Baghdad."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "era",
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0861~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "historical",
   "note": "Conventional start: the troubles after the murder of al-Mutawakkil; scholars place the transition differently."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0945",
   "hijri": "0334",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "note": "The Buyids enter Baghdad."
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/hodgson-1974",
   "source/hourani-1991"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5; boundaries are curatorial and approximate"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}