{
 "id": "person/abbas-ibn-firnas",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "abbas-ibn-firnas",
 "label": {
  "ar": "عباس بن فرناس",
  "en": "Abbas ibn Firnas"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "عباس بن فرناس، الفلكي المسلم بالأندلس، كشف في معمله طريقة لصنع البلور، وهو الذي قذف بنفسه في تجربة رائعة مدهشة على متن طائرة شراعية سبح بها عالياً في الفضاء ثم وقع ونهض سالماً، وكان بذلك مبشراً بفكرة الطيران منذ العصور الوسطى.",
  "en": "Abbas ibn Firnas, the Andalusi astronomer who discovered in his workshop a way of making crystal — and who, in a remarkable experiment, launched himself on a glider, sailed high in the air, fell and rose unharmed, thus foreshadowing the idea of flight in the Middle Ages."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "andalus-europe"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/umayyad"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "roles": [
   "scholar"
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "حسن إبراهيم حسن، تاريخ الإسلام ج4 — الصناعة، ص382",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "model": "swe-2-high",
   "run": "lib-hasanibrahim-13"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); extracted from Hasan Ibrahim Tarikh al-Islam via Apple Vision OCR"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "عباس بن فرناس فلكي مسلم في الأندلس. كشف في معمله طريقة لصنع البلّور. ويذكر حسن إبراهيم حسن تجربته في الطيران على متن طائرة شراعية، إذ سبح بها عالياً ثم وقع ونهض سالماً، ويعدّه مبشراً بفكرة الطيران منذ العصور الوسطى. {cite:tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim}\n\nارتبط اسمه بـ[[place/cordoba|قرطبة]]. وتاريخ حياته يحتاج إلى مصدر إضافي."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abbas-ibn-firnas",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Abbas ibn Firnas was a Muslim astronomer in al-Andalus. In his workshop he discovered a method for making crystal. Hasan Ibrahim Hasan describes his experiment with flight on a gliding machine: he rose high into the air, then fell and got up unharmed, and Hasan regards him as a forerunner of the idea of flight from the Middle Ages onward. {cite:tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim}\n\nHis name is linked with [[place/cordoba|Cordoba]]. The dates of his life need an additional source."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abbas-ibn-firnas",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/cordoba",
   "type": "related_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "فلكي الأندلس",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "building/great-mosque-cordoba",
  "building/khizanat-kutub-qurtuba",
  "event/battle-of-alarcos-591",
  "event/conquest-of-cordoba-92",
  "event/cordoba-siege-545",
  "event/fall-of-cordoba-636",
  "event/rabad-revolt-202",
  "event/rabbad-revolt-202"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}