{
 "id": "person/abd-al-hafid-of-morocco",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "abd-al-hafid-of-morocco",
 "label": {
  "ar": "عبد الحفيظ بن الحسن",
  "en": "Abd al-Hafid of Morocco",
  "ur": "عبد الحفیظ بن الحسن"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "سلطان المغرب من الأسرة العلوية (حكم 1908–1912)؛ ابن الحسن الأول، كان خليفة بمراكش وعالِمًا وشاعرًا ومؤلفًا، قاد «الحفيظية» ضد أخيه عبد العزيز، ثم وقّع معاهدة فاس 1912 التي قامت بها الحماية الفرنسية وتنازل عن العرش، وقضى سنواته الأخيرة بين طنجة وفرنسا حتى توفي بأنجيان لي بان ودُفن بفاس.",
  "en": "Sultan of Morocco of the Alawi dynasty (reigned 1908–1912). A son of Hassan I, he was governor of Marrakesh and a scholar, poet and author; he led the Hafidiya against his brother Abdelaziz, then signed the Treaty of Fes in 1912, which established the French protectorate, and abdicated; he spent his last years between Tangier and France, dying at Enghien-les-Bains and being buried at Fez.",
  "ur": "علوی سلسلے کے سلطانِ مراکش (دورِ حکومت 1908–1912)؛ حسن اول کے صاحبزادے، مراکش کے خلیفہ اور عالم، شاعر و مصنف تھے؛ اپنے بھائی عبد العزیز کے خلاف «حفیظیہ» کی قیادت کی، پھر 1912 میں معاہدۂ فاس پر دستخط کیے جس سے فرانسیسی زیرِ حمایت نظام قائم ہوا اور تخت سے دستبردار ہو گئے؛ آخری سال طنجہ و فرانس میں گزارے اور اینگیاں لے بان میں وفات پا کر فاس میں دفن ہوئے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "maghreb"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1875.0001026715126,
  "latest": 1937.2573701033928
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1875~",
   "hijri": "1292",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at Fez. The English article, citing Britannica and Burke's encyclopaedia entry, gives only 'between 1875 and 1880'; the Arabic article gives the precise 24 February 1876, the French article 1876, and the Urdu article 24 February 1875 while noting that some sources give 1875 or 1880 without a day. Wikidata and the lane queue give 1875. The year 1875 is recorded as approximate with the full spread disclosed. The Hijri year is the tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-fr",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ur",
    "source/wikidata-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1937-04-04",
   "hijri": "1356",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at Enghien-les-Bains, France, on 4 April 1937 (all articles; the Arabic article's classification gives the year 1356 AH, which the tabular conversion confirms). His body was taken to Fez and buried in the royal mausoleum of the Moulay Abdallah Mosque (English article). Enghien-les-Bains has no place entity, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-fr"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "عبد الحفيظ بن الحسن العلوي",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Abd al-Hafid ibn al-Hasan al-Alawi",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Moulay Abdelhafid",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "الغازي",
    "kind": "laqab"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "sultan",
   "scholar",
   "poet",
   "writer"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1875~",
   "hijri": "1292",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at Fez. The English article, citing Britannica and Burke's encyclopaedia entry, gives only 'between 1875 and 1880'; the Arabic article gives the precise 24 February 1876, the French article 1876, and the Urdu article 24 February 1875 while noting that some sources give 1875 or 1880 without a day. Wikidata and the lane queue give 1875. The year 1875 is recorded as approximate with the full spread disclosed. The Hijri year is the tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-fr",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ur",
    "source/wikidata-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1937-04-04",
   "hijri": "1356",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at Enghien-les-Bains, France, on 4 April 1937 (all articles; the Arabic article's classification gives the year 1356 AH, which the tabular conversion confirms). His body was taken to Fez and buried in the royal mausoleum of the Moulay Abdallah Mosque (English article). Enghien-les-Bains has no place entity, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-fr"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sufi",
    "basis": "documented",
    "note": "Recorded for his final affiliation. Two independent article texts name his personal affiliation with the Tijaniyya, a Sufi order: the English text, citing Abun-Nasr, states that after abdicating he turned to Sufism, joining the Tijaniyya, and in 1922 wrote a volume of verse on the order's history praising the Sufis, published at Tunis in 1930; the French text states that he became a master of the Tariqa Tijaniyya. His earlier phase is not recorded: the English text and infobox describe Salafiyya influence on him before 1912 and his book against the Sufi orders, but the enum has no salafi value and a movement affiliation naming no school is not recorded (the lane's movement-without-school pattern); the French infobox gives only Sunni Islam, the Arabic article files him under Moroccan Salafis (a category filing), and Wikidata gives only Islam. No madhhab is named for him personally in any text.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en",
     "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-fr"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q276936"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en",
   "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-fr",
   "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ur",
   "source/wikidata-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English, Arabic, French and Urdu Wikipedia articles on Abd al-Hafid of Morocco, each fetched by its recorded revision id (EN 1375713159, AR 75540862, FR 236362054, UR 7712587) with the returned id asserted equal before use, and Wikidata item Q276936 (revision 2533218347). Existence checks by name fragments (Abdelhafid, Abd al-Hafid, عبد الحفيظ) and by QID across data/person and data/source found no prior record for him. The lane queue gives 1875–1937; the birth year is genuinely unsettled in the sources (1875–1880 spread) and is recorded as approximate with the variants disclosed. The child_of edge to his father Hassan I, built in this same run, is written here in the son's record only.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-59"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "عبد الحفيظ بن الحسن العلوي، ويعرف شعبيًا بمولاي عبد الحفيظ (24 فبراير 1876 بفاس – 4 أبريل 1937 بفرنسا)، كان سلطان المغرب من 1908 حتى 1912؛ قاد «الحفيظية» ضد أخيه عبد العزيز، ثم وقّع معاهدة فاس التي قامت بها الحماية الفرنسية وتنازل عن الحكم لأخيه يوسف.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar} {cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} وتعطي المقالة الإنجليزية ميلاده فقط بين 1875 و1880، وتعطيه المقالة الأردية في 24 فبراير 1875 مع التنبيه إلى عدم اليقين فيه.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نشأته وتعليمه",
     "markdown": "تلقى تعليمه في قبيلة أحمر، وفي حدود سنة 1892 ظهرت نجابته في العلوم الفقهية والحديثية والأدبية حتى عُدّ عالمًا وشاعرًا ناظمًا مقتدرًا.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar} وهو الابن الرابع للسلطان الحسن الأول من عليّة الستّاتية.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} إثر وفاة والده سنة 1894 وبيعة أخيه الأصغر عبد العزيز كُلف بمهام إدارية وعسكرية، فلما تولى الخلافة عن أخيه في مراكش سنة 1901 كان يحرص على مجالسة العلماء والفقهاء والأدباء والشعراء، وعلى رأسهم الشيخ ماء العينين الذي أجاز عبد الحفيظ إجازة عامة سنة 1904.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar} وتذكر المقالة الإنجليزية أنه عُيّن قبل ذلك خليفة على تيزنيت سنة 1897، وأنه درس العلوم الدينية على ماء العينين وتأثر به.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحفيظية والسلطنة",
     "markdown": "رأت نخبة من العلماء والمفكرين أن في «شروط الخزيرات» افتئاتًا على السيادة الوطنية، وانتفض الشعب ضدها وتجاوب مع دعوة عبد الحفيظ المعارض لموقف أخيه، فحلّ محله في العرش في يونيو سنة 1908 بعد أن التزم ببيعة مشروطة، ونُشر في نوفمبر من تلك السنة مشروع دستور.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar} وتفصّل المقالة الإنجليزية أنه بويع سلطانًا بفاس في فبراير 1908، وحكم عبد العزيز من الرباط بينما حكم هو من مراكش وفاس حتى هُزم عبد العزيز في أغسطس 1908، واعتُرف به حاكمًا للمغرب سنة 1909 بعد قبوله وثيقة الخزيرات وديون أسلافه.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} وبنى مخزنه الجديد على القواد الكبار، فصار المدني الكلاوي وزيرًا للحرب وعيسى بن عمر العبدي وزيرًا للخارجية، وسعى إلى حلفاء في ألمانيا وإيطاليا والدولة العثمانية دون أن يفلح في كسر الموقف الفرنسي.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en}\n\nويُذكر في المقالة الإنجليزية من قسوته أن الشاعر الصوفي والمناضل ضد الفرنسيين محمد الكتاني ضُرب حتى الموت في محبسه سنة 1909، وأن بوحمارة أُلقي إلى أسوده بعد أسره، وأن تعذيب للا بتول، زوجة والي فاس المعتقل، سنة 1910 انتشر في الصحافة العالمية وبرّر مزيدًا من التدخل الفرنسي.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التنازل والوفاة",
     "markdown": "لم يسَع السلطان أن يصمد أمام ضغط الخارج، فوقّع معاهدة فاس في 30 مارس 1912 التي جعلت المغرب تحت الحماية الفرنسية، ثم تنازل عن الحكم بعد أشهر مقابل معاش ضخم، وبويع أخوه يوسف سلطانًا في 13 أغسطس 1912.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar} {cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} وتوفي في أنجيان لي بان بفرنسا في 4 أبريل 1937، ونُقل جثمانه إلى فاس فدُفن في الضريح الملكي بمسجد مولاي عبد الله.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "دينه ومؤلفاته",
     "markdown": "كان عبد الحفيظ معروفًا بكونه عالمًا في العقيدة والشريعة، وكان يرى أن الإسلام يحتاج إلى «تطهير» من تقديس الأولياء والطرق الصوفية التي عدّها بدعًا، فاستدعى تحت تأثير السلفية أبا شعيب الدكالي إلى المجلس العلمي الملكي، وكتب كتابًا ضد الطرق الصوفية خصّ فيه التيجانية.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} على أنه لم ينقطع تمامًا عن التقليد الصوفي المغربي، وبعد تنازله مال إلى التصوف فانضم إلى التيجانية، وكتب سنة 1922 ديوانًا في تاريخ الطريقة ومدح الصوفية نُشر بتونس سنة 1930.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} وتنص المقالة الفرنسية على أنه صار أستاذًا في الطريقة التيجانية.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-fr} وخلّف مؤلفات كثيرة في الشعر والسياسة والتاريخ واللغة والشريعة، منها «كشف القناع عن اعتقاد الابتداع» و«داء العطب قديم» و«براءة المتهم» و«السبك العجيب»، وتذكر المقالة العربية أن الشيخ التيجاني أحمد السكيرج أعار «تلميذه السلطان» جملة من الكتب إبان منفاه بباريس.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "كيانات المصادر المعرّفة المذكورة أعلاه، والمحفوظة في `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abd-al-hafid-of-morocco",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Abd al-Hafid ibn al-Hasan, also known as Moulay Abdelhafid (between 1875 and 1880 – 4 April 1937), was sultan of Morocco from 1908 to 1912 and a member of the Alawi dynasty.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} He deposed his younger brother Abdelaziz in the Hafidiya, then himself became increasingly backed by France and finally signed the Treaty of Fes, which gave France de facto control of the country, before abdicating.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} He was also a scholar and poet who wrote a number of books.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life",
     "markdown": "He was born in Fez to Sultan Hassan I and Aliya al-Settatiya; the English article, citing Britannica and Burke's encyclopaedia entry, gives his birth only as between 1875 and 1880, while the Arabic article gives 24 February 1876, the French article 1876, and the Urdu article 24 February 1875 while noting the uncertainty.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar} {cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-fr} {cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ur} He was the fourth son of Hassan I.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} The Arabic article says his brilliance in fiqh, hadith and literature showed by about 1892 and that he was counted a scholar and an accomplished poet.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar} In 1897 he was appointed khalifa (royal governor) of Tiznit, and in 1901 khalifa of Marrakesh.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} As khalifa of Marrakesh he was influenced by Ma al-Aynayn, studied religious science under him, and received an ijaza from him in 1904.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The Hafidiya",
     "markdown": "After his brother Abdelaziz appointed him khalifa of Marrakesh, Abd al-Hafid sought to have him overthrown by fomenting distrust over Abdelaziz's European ties, aided by Madani al-Glaoui and the great qaids of the Atlas.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} In February 1908 he was proclaimed sultan at Fez; for a brief period Abdelaziz reigned from Rabat while Abd al-Hafid reigned in Marrakesh and Fez, until Abdelaziz was defeated in battle in August 1908, and in 1909 Abd al-Hafid became the recognised ruler of Morocco.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} The Arabic article describes the rising as a corrective movement: he acceded under a conditioned bay'a, and a draft constitution was published in November 1908.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Reign",
     "markdown": "His new makhzen was built up by the big qaids: Madani al-Glaoui became minister of war and Isa ibn Umar al-Abdi minister of foreign affairs.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} The European powers withheld recognition, and with it the customs revenue, until he accepted the Act of Algeciras and his predecessors' debts, which he did in a letter to the powers; his government was officially recognised on 5 January 1909.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} He sought allies in Germany, Italy and the Ottoman Empire — the Young Turk government sent a twelve-man military mission in 1909 — but, in Edmund Burke III's assessment, the French position was unassailable.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en}\n\nHis rule is also remembered for severity: the Sufi poet and anti-French activist Muhammad al-Kattani was beaten to death in custody in 1909, the pretender Bou Hmara was fed to his lions after his capture, and the torture of Lalla Batoul, wife of the arrested governor of Fez, in 1910 spread through the international press and justified increased French intervention.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Treaty of Fes, abdication and death",
     "markdown": "In 1911 rebellion against the sultan led to the Agadir Crisis, and Abd al-Hafid signed the Treaty of Fes on 30 March 1912, which made Morocco a French protectorate.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} A few months later Resident-General Lyautey persuaded him to abdicate against a massive pension, part of which built the Abdelhafid Palace in Tangier; his brother Yusef was proclaimed sultan on 13 August 1912.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} He later returned to Morocco to live in Tangier.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} He died at Enghien-les-Bains in France on 4 April 1937, and his body was transported to Fez and buried in the royal mausoleum of the Moulay Abdallah Mosque.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Religion and writings",
     "markdown": "Abd al-Hafid had a reputation as a scholar in Islamic theology and law, and he believed Islam needed purification from saint cults and unorthodox religious brotherhoods; under Salafiyya influence he recalled the Moroccan Salafist Abu Shu'ayb ad-Dukkali to the Royal Learned Council, and he wrote a book against the Sufi orders, singling out the Tijaniyya.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} Yet he did not break completely with the Moroccan Sufi tradition, and after abdicating he turned to Sufism, joining the Tijaniyya; in 1922 he wrote a volume of verse outlining the history of the order and praising the Sufis, published at Tunis in 1930.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} The French article states that he became a master of the Tariqa Tijaniyya.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-fr} The Arabic article lists among his many works \"Kashf al-Qina' 'an I'tiqad al-Ibtida'\", \"Bara'at al-Mutahham\" and the verse rendering \"al-Sabk al-Ajib\", and notes that the Tijani shaykh Ahmad al-Skiredj lent him books during his Paris exile.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar} Later Moroccan nationalists held against him his bargaining with the French over the terms of his abdication and his signing of the Treaty of Fes.{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abd-al-hafid-of-morocco",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "عبد الحفیظ بن الحسن (24 فروری 1875 – 4 اپریل 1937) 1908 سے 1912 تک مراکش کے سلطان اور علوی سلسلے کے رکن تھے؛ ان کے چھوٹے بھائی عبد العزیز ان سے پہلے حکمران تھے۔ اردو مقالہ ان کی پیدائش کی تاریخ میں عدم یقین کی طرف اشارہ کرتا ہے: بعض ماخذ 1875 یا 1880 دیتے ہیں۔{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ur} انگریزی مقالہ پیدائش کو صرف 1875 اور 1880 کے درمیان رکھتا ہے، عربی مقالہ 24 فروری 1876 دیتا ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی اور حفیظیہ",
     "markdown": "وہ حسن اول کے چوتھے صاحبزادے تھے؛ عربی مقالے کے مطابق 1892 کے قریب فقہ، حدیث و ادب میں ان کی ذہانت ظاہر ہوئی اور وہ عالم و شاعر شمار ہوئے۔ 1901 میں مراکش کے خلیفہ بنے تو ماء العینین سے علمی استفادہ کیا اور 1904 میں ان سے اجازہ حاصل کیا۔ پھر اپنے بھائی عبد العزیز کی یورپی رعایتوں کے خلاف بداعتمادی بڑھا کر «حفیظیہ» کی قیادت کی، فروری 1908 میں فاس میں سلطان قرار پائے اور 1909 میں مراکش کے تسلیم شدہ حکمران بن گئے۔{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar} {cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "معاہدۂ فاس اور دستبرداری",
     "markdown": "1911 کی بغاوت اور آگادیر بحران کے بعد انہوں نے 30 مارچ 1912 کو معاہدۂ فاس پر دستخط کیے جس سے مراکش فرانسیسی زیرِ حمایت بن گیا، پھر چند ماہ بعد بھاری وظیفے کے عوض دستبردار ہو گئے اور ان کے بھائی یوسف 13 اگست 1912 کو سلطان قرار پائے۔{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} 4 اپریل 1937 کو فرانس کے اینگیاں لے بان میں وفات پائی؛ جسد فاس لے جا کر مولای عبد اللہ مسجد کے شاہی مقبرے میں دفن کیا گیا۔{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "دین و تصانیف",
     "markdown": "وہ عقیدہ و شریعت کے عالم مشہور تھے اور سلفیہ کے زیرِ اثر صوفی سلسلوں کے خلاف کتاب لکھی، مگر دستبرداری کے بعد تصوف کی طرف مائل ہو کر تیجانیہ میں شامل ہوئے اور 1922 میں سلسلے کی تاریخ و صوفیا کی مدح پر منظوم کتاب لکھی جو 1930 میں تیونس سے شائع ہوئی۔ فرانسیسی مقالہ انہیں طریقۂ تیجانیہ کا استاد (مقدّم) قرار دیتا ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-fr} عربی مقالہ ان کی متعدد تصانیف گنواتا ہے، جن میں «کشف القناع» اور «براءة المتهم» شامل ہیں۔{cite:wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "اوپر مذکور معرّف ماخذ اکائیاں، جو `data/source/` میں محفوظ ہیں۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abd-al-hafid-of-morocco",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/a-k-fazlul-huq",
  "person/abbas-hilmi-ii",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-maghribi",
  "person/abdul-haq",
  "person/abdul-karim-khan",
  "person/abdullah-haroon",
  "person/abdulmecid-ii",
  "person/abdurreshid-ibrahim",
  "person/ahmed-lutfi-al-sayyid",
  "person/ahmet-agaoglu",
  "person/ahmet-baitursynuly",
  "person/ahmet-refet-efendi"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/fez",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/fez",
   "type": "buried_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/hassan-i-of-morocco",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-fr"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/hassan-i-of-morocco",
  "place/fez",
  "building/qarawiyyin",
  "event/ibn-battuta-returns-to-fez-1349",
  "event/mali-giraffe-embassy-762",
  "event/marinid-dual-state-776",
  "person/abu-hasun-al-wattasi",
  "person/ibn-bajja"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}