{
 "id": "person/abdullah-khan-ii",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "abdullah-khan-ii",
 "label": {
  "ar": "عبد الله خان الثاني",
  "en": "Abdullah Khan II",
  "ur": "عبد اللہ خان دوم"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "خان بخارى الشيباني (الخان الأعلى 1583–1598)، ابن إسكندر خان. وحّد الإمارات الشيبانيّة من جديد، وأخذ بخارى سنة 1557، وفتح بلخ وطشقند وفرغانة وبدخشان وخراسان وخوارزم، وأصلح سكّ العملة، ومات في سمرقند.",
  "en": "Shaybanid khan of Bukhara (supreme khan 1583–1598), son of Iskandar Khan. He reunified the Shaybanid appanages, took Bukhara in 1557, conquered Balkh, Tashkent, Fergana, Badakhshan, Khorasan and Khwarazm, reformed the coinage, and died at Samarkand.",
  "ur": "بخارا کے شیبانی خان (خانِ اعلیٰ 1583–1598ء)، اسکندر خان کے بیٹے۔ انھوں نے شیبانی ریاستوں کو دوبارہ متحد کیا، 1557ء میں بخارا لیا، بلخ، تاشقند، فرغانہ، بدخشاں، خراسان اور خوارزم فتح کیے، سکوں کی اصلاح کی اور سمرقند میں وفات پائی۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1532.9999247075573,
  "latest": 1598.9999110179906
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1533",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "His birth year is disputed. Encyclopaedia Iranica (Bregel), following the Sharafnama-ye shahi, puts it in the Year of the Dragon — 1532–33 CE, 938–39 AH; the English article gives 1533/4 (its biography: 'born in 1533 or 1534' at Afarinkent, on an island in the Zarafshan river; no place entity exists for Afarinkent, so the birthplace is recorded here and in prose only); Wikidata gives 1533. The year 1533, common to the English article and Wikidata, is recorded, with the variants preserved here; no Hijri year is paired to a disputed Gregorian range.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-ur",
    "source/wikidata-abdullah-khan-ii",
    "source/iranica-abdullah-khan-ii"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1598",
   "hijri": "1006",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died in 1598: the English, Arabic and Urdu articles and Wikidata agree on the year. Encyclopaedia Iranica (Bregel) states that he died in Samarkand in 1006/1598, at the beginning of his campaign against the Qazaqs — the Hijri year 1006 is Iranica's own pairing, also tabularly consistent, and Wikidata likewise records Samarkand as his place of death. Wikidata's preferred death value is day-precise (4 February 1598), a precision none of the articles read supports, so the record keeps year precision. The English article records his burial at the mausoleum of Bahauddin Naqshbandi near Bukhara.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-ur",
    "source/wikidata-abdullah-khan-ii",
    "source/iranica-abdullah-khan-ii"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Abdullah Khan",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Khan-i Buzurg",
    "kind": "laqab"
   },
   {
    "value": "'Avaz Gazi",
    "kind": "pen"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "ruler"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1533",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "His birth year is disputed. Encyclopaedia Iranica (Bregel), following the Sharafnama-ye shahi, puts it in the Year of the Dragon — 1532–33 CE, 938–39 AH; the English article gives 1533/4 (its biography: 'born in 1533 or 1534' at Afarinkent, on an island in the Zarafshan river; no place entity exists for Afarinkent, so the birthplace is recorded here and in prose only); Wikidata gives 1533. The year 1533, common to the English article and Wikidata, is recorded, with the variants preserved here; no Hijri year is paired to a disputed Gregorian range.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-ur",
    "source/wikidata-abdullah-khan-ii",
    "source/iranica-abdullah-khan-ii"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1598",
   "hijri": "1006",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died in 1598: the English, Arabic and Urdu articles and Wikidata agree on the year. Encyclopaedia Iranica (Bregel) states that he died in Samarkand in 1006/1598, at the beginning of his campaign against the Qazaqs — the Hijri year 1006 is Iranica's own pairing, also tabularly consistent, and Wikidata likewise records Samarkand as his place of death. Wikidata's preferred death value is day-precise (4 February 1598), a precision none of the articles read supports, so the record keeps year precision. The English article records his burial at the mausoleum of Bahauddin Naqshbandi near Bukhara.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-ur",
    "source/wikidata-abdullah-khan-ii",
    "source/iranica-abdullah-khan-ii"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "The Arabic infobox gives his religion as Islam without qualification; the English and Urdu articles name no religion for him and Wikidata carries no religion statement. No source read names a school for him personally. His court was the centre of Sunni Shaybanid rule, and Encyclopaedia Iranica documents his close reliance on the Juybari Naqshbandi shaikhs, whose support won him Bukhara — but patronage and milieu are not personal attestation of a school, so no faith value is recorded.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en",
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     "source/wikidata-abdullah-khan-ii",
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    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q317649"
  },
  "sources": [
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  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia (revision 1363143862), Arabic Wikipedia (revision 70137235), Urdu Wikipedia (revision 11792269), Wikidata Q317649 (item revision 2551894240, re-asserted against a second live query with an identical result) and Yuri Bregel's Encyclopaedia Iranica entry (read in full in the online edition), fetched and checked on 1 Nov 2026; existence checked against origin/main (no prior record); relation targets grep-verified in the current-main clone (place/samarqand, place/bukhara). His father Iskandar Khan has no record, so the parent relation is recorded in prose only.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "modern-figures-wave-150b"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ملخص",
     "markdown": "عبد الله خان الثاني (1533/4–1598)، المعروف بـ«خان بزرگ» أي الخان العظيم، حاكم أوزبكي لخانية بخارى وآخر خان شيباني لها بلا منازع، حكم من 1583 حتى وفاته. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} وهو ابن إسكندر خان، وكان صاحب السلطة الفعلية في عهد أبيه قبل أن يخلفه. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مولده وصعوده",
     "markdown": "وُلد في أفارينكنت، على جزيرة في نهر زرافشان؛ وتذكر المقالة الإنجليزية مولده سنة 1533 أو 1534، بينما تضعه الموسوعة الإيرانية، تبعًا لـ«شرفنامة شاهي»، في سنة التنين 1532–33. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii} وبصفته حاكم كرمينه قاد المقاومة ضد خان طشقند، وأخذ بخارى سنة 1557 بدعم مشايخ جويباري، وفي 1561 أعلن أباه إسكندر خانًا أعلى وهو ممسك بزمام الأمور. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التوحيد والتوسع",
     "markdown": "استغرق حتى 1582 ليوحّد الإمارات الشيبانيّة الأربع — بخارى وسمرقند وطشقند وبلخ — في دولة واحدة، وعند وفاة أبيه سنة 1583 أُعلن خانًا. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} ثم أخذ بدخشان (1584) وخراسان (منذ 1588)، وفتح خوارزم في 1593–94، وأصلح سك العملة على مراحل، وحافظ على علاقات مع الهند المغولية والدولة العثمانية وروسيا، ومنها معاهدة عدم اعتداء مع أكبر. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "رعايته للعمران والعلم",
     "markdown": "بنى كثيرًا — مدارس وخانقاوات وأسواقًا وخانات ومسابح وجسورًا — ومنها مدرستا «كوش مدرسة» في بخارى، وأحاط نفسه بالعلماء والشعراء والمؤرخين، وكتب الشعر هو نفسه باسم قلمي «عوض غازي». {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاته",
     "markdown": "وهو يستعد لقتال القازاق الذين استغلوا ثورة ابنه عبد المؤمن، توفي سنة 1598 — في سمرقند بحسب الموسوعة الإيرانية — ودُفن عند ضريح بهاء الدين النقشبندي قرب بخارى. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii} {cite:wikidata-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "دينه",
     "markdown": "لا يسمّي أي مصدر قُرئ مذهبًا له شخصيًا: فصندوق المقالة العربية يجعل دينه «الإسلام» دون تخصيص، والأخريات لا تسمّي دينًا. وكان بلاطه مركز الحكم الشيباني السني، مدعومًا بمشايخ جويباري النقشبندية، ويبقى إيمانه في سجلّه عند هذا الحد الموثّق. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-ar} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii} {cite:wikidata-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abdullah-khan-ii",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Abdullah Khan II (1533/4–1598), known as Khan-i Buzurg, \"The Great Khan\", was an Uzbek ruler of the Khanate of Bukhara and the last uncontested Shaybanid khan of Bukhara, reigning from 1583 until his death. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} He was the son of Iskandar Khan, whom he served as the real power before succeeding him. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Birth and ascent",
     "markdown": "He was born at Afarinkent, on an island in the Zarafshan river; the English article gives his birth as 1533 or 1534, while Encyclopaedia Iranica, following the Sharafnama-ye shahi, places it in the Year of the Dragon, 1532–33. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii} As governor of Kermine he led the resistance to the Tashkent khan, captured Bukhara in 1557 with the support of the Juybari shaikhs, and in 1561 proclaimed his father Iskandar supreme khan while keeping the conduct of affairs in his own hands. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Unification and expansion",
     "markdown": "It took him until 1582 to unite the four Shaybanid appanages — Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent and Balkh — into a single state, and on his father's death in 1583 he was declared khan. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} He went on to take Badakhshan (1584) and Khorasan (from 1588), conquered Khwarazm in 1593–94, reformed the coinage in stages, and maintained relations with Mughal India, the Ottoman Empire and Russia, including a non-aggression pact with Akbar. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Patronage",
     "markdown": "He built widely — madrassas and khanqahs, markets, caravanserais, reservoirs and bridges — including Bukhara's Kosh-Madrasah, and surrounded himself with scholars, poets and chroniclers; he wrote poems himself under the pen name 'Avaz Gazi. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "Preparing to fight the Kazakhs, who had taken advantage of his son Abd al-Mumin's revolt, he died in 1598 — at Samarkand, according to Encyclopaedia Iranica — and was buried at the mausoleum of Bahauddin Naqshbandi near Bukhara. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii} {cite:wikidata-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Religion",
     "markdown": "No source read names a school for him personally: the Arabic infobox gives his religion as Islam without qualification, and the others name none. His court was the centre of Sunni Shaybanid rule, closely supported by the Juybari Naqshbandi shaikhs, and his record keeps his faith at that documented level. {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-ar} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii} {cite:wikidata-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abdullah-khan-ii",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "عبد اللہ خان دوم (1533/4–1598ء)، جو ’’خانِ بزرگ‘‘ یعنی عظیم خان کے نام سے جانے جاتے ہیں، بخارا کی خانیت کے ازبک حکمران اور بخارا کے آخری بلا مقابلہ شیبانی خان تھے، جنھوں نے 1583ء سے اپنی وفات تک حکومت کی۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} وہ اسکندر خان کے بیٹے تھے اور اپنے والد کے دور میں اصل اقتدار انھی کے ہاتھ میں تھا۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "پیدائش اور عروج",
     "markdown": "وہ دریائے زرافشاں کے ایک جزیرے پر واقع آفرینکینت میں پیدا ہوئے؛ انگریزی مضمون ان کی پیدائش 1533ء یا 1534ء بتاتا ہے، جبکہ موسوعۂ ایرانیکا ’شرفنامۂ شاہی‘ کی پیروی میں اسے اژدھے کے سال 1532–33ء میں رکھتا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii} کرمینے کے حاکم کی حیثیت سے انھوں نے تاشقند کے خان کے خلاف مزاحمت کی قیادت کی، 1557ء میں جویباری شیوخ کی مدد سے بخارا لیا، اور 1561ء میں اپنے والد اسکندر کو خانِ اعلیٰ قرار دلوایا جبکہ امورِ سلطنت اپنے ہاتھ میں رکھے۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "اتحاد اور توسیع",
     "markdown": "انھیں 1582ء تک چاروں شیبانی ریاستوں — بخارا، سمرقند، تاشقند اور بلخ — کو ایک ریاست میں متحد کرنے میں وقت لگا، اور 1583ء میں والد کی وفات پر وہ خان قرار پائے۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} پھر انھوں نے بدخشاں (1584ء) اور خراسان (1588ء سے) لیے، 1593–94ء میں خوارزم فتح کیا، مراحل میں سکوں کی اصلاح کی، اور مغل ہندوستان، سلطنتِ عثمانیہ اور روس سے تعلقات رکھے، جن میں اکبر سے عدم جارحیت کا معاہدہ بھی شامل تھا۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "سرپرستی",
     "markdown": "انھوں نے وسیع تعمیرات کیں — مدرسے اور خانقاہیں، بازار، کارواں سرائے، حوض اور پل — جن میں بخارا کی کوش مدرسہ بھی شامل ہے، اور اپنے گرد علما، شعرا اور مؤرخین کو جمع کیا؛ خود بھی ’عوض غازی‘ کے قلمی نام سے شعر کہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات",
     "markdown": "اپنے بیٹے عبد المؤمن کی بغاوت سے فائدہ اٹھانے والے قازاقوں سے جنگ کی تیاری کے دوران وہ 1598ء میں — موسوعۂ ایرانیکا کے مطابق سمرقند میں — وفات پا گئے اور بخارا کے قریب بہاؤالدین نقشبندی کے مزار پر دفن ہوئے۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-en} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii} {cite:wikidata-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مذہب",
     "markdown": "پڑھے گئے کسی ماخذ نے ذاتی طور پر ان کا کوئی مسلک نہیں بتایا: عربی مضمون کے خانے میں ان کا مذہب صرف ’اسلام‘ درج ہے اور باقی مضامین کوئی مذہب نہیں بتاتے۔ ان کا دربار سنی شیبانی حکمرانی کا مرکز تھا جسے جویباری نقشبندی شیوخ کی قریبی حمایت حاصل تھی، اور ان کا ریکارڈ مذہب کو اسی دستاویزی سطح پر رکھتا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdullah-khan-ii-ar} {cite:iranica-abdullah-khan-ii} {cite:wikidata-abdullah-khan-ii}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abdullah-khan-ii",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
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   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  }
 },
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  "person/salima-sultan-begum",
  "person/al-tahir-ibn-al-ahdal",
  "person/jalal-al-din-akbar",
  "person/baba-shah-esfahani",
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  "person/al-samadi-qadiri",
  "person/ismail-al-nabulsi"
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 "related": [
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  "event/samani-third-rihla-549",
  "event/al-biruni-flees-to-bukhara",
  "event/alp-arslan-death-465",
  "event/birth-al-bukhari-194",
  "event/bukhari-first-hearing-205",
  "event/conquest-of-bukhara",
  "event/qutam-death-samarqand"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}