{
 "id": "person/abu-al-qasim-al-shabi",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "abu-al-qasim-al-shabi",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أبو القاسم الشابي",
  "en": "Abu al-Qasim al-Shabi",
  "ur": "ابوالقاسم اشبی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "شاعر تونس الوطني (1909–1934)، وُلد في الشابية بولاية توزر وتعلّم في الزيتونة حيث نال إجازة الحقوق سنة 1930، ومات شابًا بمرض القلب في تونس العاصمة. صاحب قصيدتي «إرادة الحياة» و«إلى طغاة العالم»، ومن أبياته خُتم النشيد الوطني التونسي، وصارت قصائده شعارًا لثورات الربيع العربي سنة 2011.",
  "en": "Tunisia's national poet (1909–1934), born at al-Shabiya in the Tozeur region and educated at the Zaytuna, where he took a law diploma in 1930; he died young of heart disease in Tunis. He wrote 'The Will to Live' and 'To the Tyrants of the World', supplied the closing verses of Tunisia's national anthem, and saw his poems become slogans of the 2011 Arab Spring.",
  "ur": "تیونس کے قومی شاعر (1909–1934)، جو توزر کے علاقے الشابیہ میں پیدا ہوئے اور جامع زیتونہ میں تعلیم پائی جہاں 1930ء میں قانون کی سند لی؛ کم عمری میں تونس شہر میں دل کی بیماری سے انتقال ہوا۔ وہ «ارادۂ حیات» اور «دنیا کے ظالموں کے نام» کے خالق ہیں، تیونس کے قومی ترانے کے آخری اشعار انہی کے ہیں، اور 2011ء کے عرب بہار میں ان کی نظمیں نعروں کی صورت اختیار کر گئیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "maghreb"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [
  "madhahib-browser",
  "mh-salaf"
 ],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1909.1472788626734,
  "latest": 1934.7713505410472
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1909-02-24",
   "hijri": "1327",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at al-Shabiya in the Tozeur region on 24 February 1909, which the Arabic biography equates with 3 Safar 1327 AH; the English biography and Wikidata give the same Gregorian day. Tozeur has no place entity on main, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en",
    "source/wikidata-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1934-10-09",
   "hijri": "1353",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at the Italian Hospital in Tunis (now the Habib Thameur Hospital) on 9 October 1934, after a long history of heart disease, and was buried at Tozeur; the Arabic biography's years are 1327–1353 AH.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar",
    "source/wikidata-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "أبو القاسم بن محمد الشابي الهذلي",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Abu al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Shabi al-Hudhali",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Aboul-Qacem Echebbi",
    "kind": "latinized"
   },
   {
    "value": "شاعر الخضراء",
    "kind": "laqab"
   },
   {
    "value": "Poet of al-Khadra",
    "kind": "laqab"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1909-02-24",
   "hijri": "1327",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at al-Shabiya in the Tozeur region on 24 February 1909, which the Arabic biography equates with 3 Safar 1327 AH; the English biography and Wikidata give the same Gregorian day. Tozeur has no place entity on main, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en",
    "source/wikidata-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1934-10-09",
   "hijri": "1353",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at the Italian Hospital in Tunis (now the Habib Thameur Hospital) on 9 October 1934, after a long history of heart disease, and was buried at Tozeur; the Arabic biography's years are 1327–1353 AH.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar",
    "source/wikidata-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "poet"
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No source read names a religious school for al-Shabi himself, and Wikidata carries no religion value for him at all. His father was a Zaytuna-trained judge and al-Shabi himself took a law diploma at the Zaytuna in 1930, but a father's office is family background and a diploma is education; neither counts.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en",
     "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar",
     "source/wikidata-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en",
   "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-fr",
   "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ur",
   "source/wikidata-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi"
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q335543"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English, Arabic, French and Urdu Wikipedia biographies of Abu al-Qasim al-Shabi (Q335543) and the Wikidata item, read in full; every revision id was fetched live from the MediaWiki API in this session and asserted, and the QID was grounded through the English article's page properties. Existence checks by name fragments (shabi, shabbi, chebbi, الشابي) and by QID across data/person on origin/main found no prior record for this man (amir-al-shabi and abd-allah-al-shabibi are different people). His father's judgeship is family background, never a relation or an attestation.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-139"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "أبو القاسم الشابي (1909–1934) شاعر تونسي وُلد في قرية الشابية بولاية توزر في الرابع والعشرين من فبراير سنة 1909، الموافق للثالث من صفر سنة 1327 هـ، وهو ابن قاضٍ درس في الزيتونة ثم في الأزهر.{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar}{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en} نال شهادة التطويع سنة 1928 ثم إجازة الحقوق من جامعة الزيتونة سنة 1930، وتزوّج ابنة عمه شهلة ورُزق منها بولدين، وظهرت قصائده في أرقى المجلات التونسية والمشرقية.{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en} لُقّب بشاعر الخضراء، وانتظم في جماعة «تحت السور» من مثقفي مدينة تونس الذين أرادوا بناء وسط أدبي وطني يناهض الاستعمار.{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en}{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar}\n\nكان الشابي يشكو مرض القلب منذ طفولته، فتوفي في تونس العاصمة في التاسع من أكتوبر سنة 1934 عن خمسة وعشرين عامًا، ودُفن في توزر حيث يقوم ضريحه مفتوحًا للزوار.{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en}{cite:wikidata-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi} وصارت قصيدتاه «إرادة الحياة» المكتوبة سنة 1933 و«إلى طغاة العالم» من شعارات ثورتي تونس ومصر سنة 2011، ومن أبياته خُتم النشيد الوطني التونسي «حماة الحمى»، وتظهر صورته على الورقة النقدية من فئة عشرة دنانير.{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abu-al-qasim-al-shabi",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-09"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Abu al-Qasim al-Shabi (1909–1934) was a Tunisian poet born at al-Shabiya in the Tozeur region on 24 February 1909, the son of a judge who had trained at the Zaytuna and al-Azhar.{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar}{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en} He took his secondary diploma in 1928 and a law diploma from the University of Ez-Zitouna in 1930, married his cousin Chahla and had two sons, and wrote poetry that appeared in the leading Tunisian and Middle Eastern reviews.{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en} Nicknamed the Poet of al-Khadra — \"the Green\", a name for Tunisia — he belonged to the Taht al-Sur circle of Tunis intellectuals who sought to build a national literary culture against colonialism.{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en}{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar}\n\nAl-Shabi suffered from heart disease from childhood and died in Tunis on 9 October 1934, aged twenty-five; he was buried at Tozeur, where his mausoleum is open to visitors.{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en}{cite:wikidata-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi} His poems \"The Will to Live\", written in 1933, and \"To the Tyrants of the World\" became slogans chanted in the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions of 2011, and his verses close the Tunisian national anthem, \"Humāt al-Ḥimā\"; his portrait appears on the ten-dinar note.{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abu-al-qasim-al-shabi",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-09"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "ابوالقاسم اشبی (1909–1934) تونسی شاعر تھے، جو 24 فروری 1909ء کو توزر کے علاقے کے گاؤں الشابیہ میں پیدا ہوئے؛ ان کے والد زیتونہ اور الازہر کے فارغ التحصیل قاضی تھے۔{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar}{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en} انہوں نے 1928ء میں ثانوی سند اور 1930ء میں جامع زیتونہ سے قانون کی سند حاصل کی، اپنی چچازاد شہلہ سے شادی کی اور دو بیٹوں کے باپ بنے، اور ان کی نظمیں تیونس اور مشرقِ وسطیٰ کے بڑے جرائد میں شائع ہوئیں۔{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en} انہیں «شاعرِ خضرا» کہا جاتا تھا اور وہ تونس کے «تحت السور» ادبی حلقے سے وابستہ تھے جو استعمار کے مقابل قومی ادبی ماحول بنانا چاہتا تھا۔{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en}{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-ar}\n\nاشبی بچپن سے دل کے مرض میں مبتلا تھے؛ 9 اکتوبر 1934ء کو پچیس برس کی عمر میں تونس شہر میں انتقال ہوا اور توزر میں دفن ہوئے، جہاں ان کا مزار زائرین کے لیے کھلا ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en}{cite:wikidata-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi} ان کی نظمیں «ارادۂ حیات» (1933ء) اور «دنیا کے ظالموں کے نام» 2011ء کے تیونسی اور مصری انقلابات کے نعرے بن گئیں، تیونس کے قومی ترانے «حماة الحمى» کے آخری اشعار انہی کے ہیں، اور ان کی تصویر دس دینار کے نوٹ پر چھپی ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abu-al-qasim-al-shabi",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-09"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/a-k-fazlul-huq",
  "person/abbas-hilmi-ii",
  "person/abbas-mahmoud-al-aqqad",
  "person/abd-al-hafid-of-morocco",
  "person/abd-al-hamid-ibn-badis",
  "person/abd-al-jabbar-al-jumurd",
  "person/abd-al-jawwad-al-dumi",
  "person/abd-al-majid-ii",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-iskandarani",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-maghribi",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-shalabi",
  "person/abd-al-rahman-ibn-nasir-al-sadi"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-11-10",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/tunis",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi-en",
    "source/wikidata-abu-al-qasim-al-shabi"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "building/al-zaytuna-mosque",
  "event/capture-of-tunis-1329",
  "event/capture-of-tunis-1357",
  "event/capture-of-tunis-1569",
  "event/capture-of-tunis-1573",
  "event/conquest-of-tunis-1534",
  "event/conquest-of-tunis-1535",
  "event/conquest-of-tunis-1574"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}