{
 "id": "person/abu-bakr",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "abu-bakr",
 "label": {
  "en": "Abu Bakr al-Siddiq",
  "ar": "أبو بكر الصديق"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "Close companion of the Prophet and the first caliph (r. 632–634 CE); his succession is understood differently in Sunni and Shia tradition.",
  "ar": "صاحب النبي وأول الخلفاء (حكم 632–634م)، ويُفهم تولّيه الخلافة بصورة مختلفة في التقليدين السني والشيعي."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "sects-and-schools"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 573.0021150331629,
  "latest": 634.6652566445264
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0573~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition"
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0634-08",
   "hijri": "0013-06",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition"
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0573~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition"
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0634-08",
   "hijri": "0013-06",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition"
  },
  "roles": [
   "companion",
   "caliph"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni",
   "shia-twelver"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "companion",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0610~",
     "calendar": "julian",
     "precision": "year"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "ruler",
    "toward": "polity/rashidun-caliphate",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0632",
     "calendar": "julian",
     "precision": "year"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0634",
     "calendar": "julian",
     "precision": "year"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "sources": [
     "source/watt-1956-medina"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q43380"
  },
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Sunni tradition regards Abu Bakr as the rightly chosen first of the four Rashidun caliphs, selected by the community's leaders at Saqifa."
    }
   },
   {
    "tradition": "academic",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Historians treat the succession as a political process at Saqifa shaped by tribal alliances in Medina, drawing on later and partisan reports."
    }
   },
   {
    "tradition": "shia-twelver",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Twelver Shia tradition holds that the Prophet had designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as successor, so regards Abu Bakr's accession as a departure from that designation."
    }
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
   "source/watt-1956-medina"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5 (scaffold)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 60,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/salman-al-farisi",
  "person/suhayl-ibn-amr",
  "person/umm-ayman",
  "person/heraclius",
  "person/hind-bint-utba",
  "person/muhammad",
  "person/uthman-ibn-affan"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-abi-bakr",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-quhafa",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hijra",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "companion"
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-ubayda-ibn-al-jarrah",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/aisha",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/asma-bint-abi-bakr",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/saad-ibn-abi-waqqas",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
   "type": "predecessor_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0634-08"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/uthman-ibn-affan",
   "type": "received_conversion_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/abu-quhafa-conversion",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "guide-and-son",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/abu-sufyan-medina-mission",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "declined-intercession",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/al-dawa-al-sirriyya",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "أول يوم؛ ثم نشط في الدعوة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/badr-council",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "تكلم فأحسن",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/badr-prisoners",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "أشار بأخذ الفداء",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/tarikh-umar-ibn-al-jawzi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-badr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/burial-of-the-prophet",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/conquest-of-mecca",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/death-of-the-prophet",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/expedition-to-tabuk",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/farewell-pilgrimage",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/first-jumma",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "ردف النبي في المسير",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/ghar-thawr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "دخل الغار قبله وسد الثقب بإزاره ولُدغ",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hajj-led-by-abu-bakr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hatib-letter-to-quraysh",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "witnessed-pardon",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/persecution-of-mustadafin",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "ابتاع المسلمين المعذّبين فأعتقهم",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/quba-sojourn",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "ظلل على النبي بردائه فعرفه الناس",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/saqifa",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "journey/hijra-route",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "الصاحب",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/muhammad",
  "event/hijra",
  "place/medina",
  "person/ali-ibn-abi-talib",
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
  "place/mecca",
  "group/early-muslims"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}