{
 "id": "person/abu-dharr-al-ghifari",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "abu-dharr-al-ghifari",
 "label": {
  "en": "Abu Dharr al-Ghifari",
  "ar": "أبو ذر الغفاري"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "A tribesman of Ghifar among the very first converts, remembered for fierce asceticism and for denouncing the hoarding of wealth; Uthman exiled him to al-Rabadha, where he died.",
  "ar": "رجل من غفار من أوائل من أسلم، يذكره التراث بزهده الصارم وبإنكاره كنز الأموال؛ نفاه عثمان إلى الربذة فمات بها."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia",
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "the-poor-and-the-worker",
  "spirituality-and-sufism",
  "dissent-heresy-freethought"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 590.0017796395546,
  "latest": 653.0010198703285
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0590~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Exact birth year unknown; he was among the very first converts.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0652",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Died in exile at al-Rabadha, about 32 AH.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "جندب بن جنادة الغفاري"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0590~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Exact birth year unknown; he was among the very first converts.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0652",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Died in exile at al-Rabadha, about 32 AH.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "companion"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "convert",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0614~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Counted among the first five or six converts in the tradition.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "companion",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0614~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "critic",
    "toward": "person/muawiya-ibn-abi-sufyan",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0644~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Publicly denounced the accumulation of wealth by Umayyad officials in Syria; sent back to Medina, then exiled.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
     "source/madelung-1997"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "note": "Early Muslim; recorded under the museum's Sunni frame (docs/scope.md)."
   }
  ],
  "labelled": [
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "'The truthfulness of the heavens has no one more truthful than Abu Dharr' — a saying attributed to the Prophet",
     "ar": "أصدق أهل السماء أبو ذر"
    },
    "by": "a saying attributed to the Prophet in the tradition",
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/madelung-1997"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "أبو ذر الغفاري رجل بادية من أوائل المسلمين — وأشدّ ضمير في التراث عن المال، نفاه خليفة لأنه قالها علنًا."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "رجل من [[group/banu-ghifar|بني غفار]]، قبيلة من بادية الحجاز، مشى إلى مكة فصار من أوائل المسلمين نحو سنة 614م {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. ودعا قومه، ثم عاش زاهدًا بالمدينة ثم بدمشق.\n\nوهناك تحفظ المصادر إنكاره العلني على العمال جمعَ الذهب والفضة، مستشهدًا بالكتاب على الكنز. رُدّ إلى المدينة فلم يكفّ، فنفاه الخليفة [[person/uthman-ibn-affan|عثمان]] إلى الربذة حيث مات سنة 652م {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "أجيال لاحقة — صوفية ونقاد اجتماعيون وكتاب الاقتصاد الإسلامي المعاصر — كلهم يعود إلى أبي ذر: الرجل الذي سأل من البداية ماذا تدين الجماعة للفقراء."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "آمن أبو ذر أن من يغتني والناس فقراء يخطئ، وظل يقولها لأقوى رجال عصره — ولو كلفه ذلك بيته."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abu-dharr-al-ghifari",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Abu Dharr al-Ghifari was a desert tribesman among the very first Muslims — and the tradition's fiercest conscience about wealth, exiled by a caliph for saying so out loud."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "A man of [[group/banu-ghifar|Banu Ghifar]], a tribe of the Hijazi desert, Abu Dharr walked to Mecca and became one of the first handful of converts, about 614 CE {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. He preached to his own people, then lived austerely in Medina and later Damascus.\n\nThere the sources record his open denunciations of the governors' accumulating gold and silver, quoting scripture against hoarding. Sent back to Medina, he kept speaking; the caliph [[person/uthman-ibn-affan|Uthman]] finally exiled him to the desert hamlet of al-Rabadha, where he died in 652 CE {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "Later generations — Sufis, social critics, modern writers on Islamic economics — all reach back to Abu Dharr: the man who asked, at the very beginning, what the community owed the poor."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Abu Dharr believed being rich while others were poor was wrong, and he kept saying so to the most powerful men alive — even when it cost him his home."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abu-dharr-al-ghifari",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 10,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/safwan-ibn-umayya",
  "person/sajah",
  "person/salman-al-farisi",
  "person/umm-ayman",
  "person/umm-salama",
  "person/uthman-ibn-affan",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-masud"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "group/banu-ghifar",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/early-muslims",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "converted_under",
   "inverse": false,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0614~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hijra",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/al-rabadha",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/abdullah-ibn-masud",
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
  "place/mecca",
  "place/medina",
  "event/hijra",
  "event/battle-of-the-trench",
  "event/battle-of-uhud"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}