{
 "id": "person/abu-lahab",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "abu-lahab",
 "label": {
  "en": "Abu Lahab",
  "ar": "أبو لهب"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "An uncle of the Prophet who became one of his most vocal opponents in Mecca, alongside his wife Umm Jamil — the household singled out in Qur'an 111.",
  "ar": "عمّ النبي الذي صار من أشد معارضيه صوتًا في مكة هو وزوجته أم جميل — البيت الذي تذكره سورة المسد."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "anti-muslim-hatred",
  "family-marriage-kinship"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 559.9997946569745,
  "latest": 625.0004449098569
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0560~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0624",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Died shortly after Badr, of disease, in the tradition's account.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "عبد العزى بن عبد المطلب"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0560~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "decade",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0624",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Died shortly after Badr, of disease, in the tradition's account.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "politician"
  ],
  "traditions": [],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "family-of-the-prophet",
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "Paternal uncle of the Prophet.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "opponent",
    "toward": "person/muhammad",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0613~"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "Openly hostile through the Meccan period; the tafsir tradition associates him with sura 111.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "persecutor",
    "toward": "group/early-muslims",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0613~"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0622"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "With his wife Umm Jamil, among the documented harassers of the Prophet's circle.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "arabian-polytheism",
    "basis": "documented",
    "note": "Held to Mecca's traditional cult.",
    "sources": [
     "source/watt-1953-mecca"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "labelled": [
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Abu Lahab ('Father of Flame')",
     "ar": "أبو لهب"
    },
    "by": "usage in the sira tradition, possibly from a striking complexion",
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "أبو لهب — عبد العزى بن عبد المطلب — عمّ النبي الذي أعرض عنه علنًا هو وزوجته أم جميل. وتحفظ الرواية عداءهما حتى سمّت سورة المسد بيتهما."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "ابن [[person/abd-al-muttalib|عبد المطلب]] وأخو [[person/abu-talib|أبي طالب]]، كان أبو لهب من قرب النبي حتى خُصّص في الخبر: تسجّل السيرة أنه كان يتبع محمدًا في أسواق مكة يقول للناس لا تصدّقوه {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. وفي [[event/boycott-of-banu-hashim|المقاطعة]] انحاز ضد عشيرته نفسها.\n\nوسورة المسد — التي يجمع المفسرون أنها فيه وفي امرأته — السورة الوحيدة في الكتاب المقصودة بمعارض {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. ومات بالمرض بعد بدر بقليل، وتقرأ الرواية فيه تحقق السورة {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "حكايته أدقّ مثال في المعرض على انقسام البيت الواحد: ابن أخ يبشّر وعمّ يتبرأ، في بيت بني هاشم نفسه."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "وقف عمّ النبي نفسه ضده — وفي القرآن سورة كاملة عنه. البيوت لا تتفق دائمًا."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abu-lahab",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Abu Lahab — Abd al-Uzza ibn Abd al-Muttalib — was an uncle of the Prophet who turned against him in public, with his wife Umm Jamil. The tradition preserves their hostility so vividly that sura 111 names them."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "A son of [[person/abd-al-muttalib|Abd al-Muttalib]] and brother of [[person/abu-talib|Abu Talib]], Abu Lahab was close enough to the Prophet to be personally singled out: the sira records him following Muhammad through Mecca's markets, telling the crowds not to listen {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. During the [[event/boycott-of-banu-hashim|boycott]] he sided against his own clan.\n\nThe Qur'an's sura 111 — read by all commentators as about him and his wife — is the only chapter of the book devoted to an opponent {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. He died of disease shortly after Badr, which the tradition reads as the sura's fulfillment {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "His story is the museum's sharpest case of the family's own divide: a nephew preaching, an uncle renouncing, in the same house of Banu Hashim."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "The Prophet's own uncle stood against him — and the Qur'an has a whole chapter about him. Families don't always agree."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abu-lahab",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 30,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/umm-ayman",
  "person/al-walid-ibn-al-mughira",
  "person/abu-talib",
  "person/mutim-ibn-adi",
  "person/khadija",
  "person/utba-ibn-rabia",
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/hamza",
  "person/salman-al-farisi"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abd-al-muttalib",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-talib",
   "type": "sibling_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umm-jamil",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-hashim",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/quraysh",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-111-1",
   "type": "mentioned_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "Sura 111 (al-Masad) is held by all commentators to refer to him and his wife.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/boycott-of-banu-hashim",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "sided-against-his-own-clan",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/abu-talib-gathers-clans",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "خالف بني أبيه إلى عدوهم",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/dawat-al-ashira",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "أفسد المجلس الأول وثبّط في الثاني",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hijra-departure",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "من الأحد عشر رئيساً",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/persecution-of-mustadafin",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "رئيس لجنة الخمسة والعشرين",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/safa-proclamation",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "قال: تباً لك سائر اليوم ألهذا جمعتنا",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/walid-council",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "يتبع النبي في المواسم والأسواق يكذبه",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "place/mecca",
  "group/banu-hashim",
  "person/abu-talib",
  "person/muhammad",
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "group/quraysh",
  "person/abu-jahl",
  "person/abd-al-muttalib"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}