{
 "id": "person/ahmad-yar-khan-naimi",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "ahmad-yar-khan-naimi",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أحمد يار خان النعيمي",
  "en": "Ahmad Yar Khan Naeemi",
  "ur": "احمد یار خان نعیمی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مفسر ومفتٍ وعالم من شبه القارة (1894–1971 على رواية، والخلاف مسجل في محله)، وُلد في أجهاني بقضاء بدايون وتوفي في كجرات بالبنجاب الباكستاني، حيث درّس وأفتى عقوداً. تتلمذ في مدرسة شمس العلوم ببدايون والجامعة النعيمية بمراد آباد، ولقّب بحكيم الأمة، وأشهر آثاره «تفسير نعيمي» في أحد عشر مجلداً و«مرآة المناجيح» شرح مشكاة المصابيح.",
  "en": "Qur'an commentator, mufti and scholar of the subcontinent (1894–1971 on the followed reading; the conflict is recorded in the birth note), born at Ujhani in Budaun district and died at Gujrat in Pakistani Punjab, where he taught and issued fatwas for decades. He studied at Madrasa Shamsul Uloom, Budaun, and Jamia Naeemia, Moradabad, was honoured as Hakim al-Ummat, and is known for the eleven-volume Tafsir Naeemi and Mirat al-Manajih, his commentary on the Mishkat al-Masabih.",
  "ur": "برصغیر کے مفسر، مفتی اور عالم (1894ء–1971ء، متنازع تاریخِ ولادت اس کے نوٹ میں درج ہے)، اوجھیانی، ضلع بدایوں میں پیدا ہوئے اور گجرات (پنجاب، پاکستان) میں وصال ہوا، جہاں انھوں نے برسوں تدریس و افتا کیا۔ مدرسہ شمس العلوم بدایوں اور جامعہ نعیمیہ مراد آباد سے تعلیم پائی، «حکیم الامت» کا لقب ملا، اور مشہور تصانیف میں «تفسیر نعیمی» (11 جلدیں) اور «مرآۃ المناجیح» شامل ہیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1894.1627138134254,
  "latest": 1971.8124944385947
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1894-03-01",
   "hijri": "1311",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "His birth year is genuinely contested and the record does not smooth it over. The English and Urdu articles headline 1 March 1894, which the record follows, but both pair that date with 4 Jumada al-Ula 1324 AH — a Hijri date that converts to 1906, not 1894. The Urdu article's birth section further records a Shawwal 1314 AH birth from Kokab's Hayat-e-Salik, and a 1324 AH / 1906 CE reading supported by three printed biographies (Hayat-e-Salik; Mehr Ali Shah's Al-Yawaqit al-Mihriyya, 1384/1964; Sharaf Qadri's Tazkira Akabir Ahl-e-Sunnat, 1976). The Arabic article, from the Royal Aal al-Bayt Encyclopaedia of Islamic Civilisation, gives 1324–1391 AH / 1904–1971 CE, and Wikidata likewise gives 1904. The Hijri year shown is the conversion of the followed Gregorian date; the sources' own pairing is 1324. Budaun has no place entity, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur",
    "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar",
    "source/wikidata-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1971-10-24",
   "hijri": "1391",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died 24 October 1971 at Gujrat, Punjab (the English and Urdu articles date it to 3 Ramadan 1391 AH, and Wikidata agrees on the Gregorian date); his shrine is at Gujrat. Gujrat has no place entity, so no died_in or buried_in edge is written. The Hijri year is a conversion, agreeing with the articles' own Hijri date.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur",
    "source/wikidata-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Ahmad Yar Khan Naeemi",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "احمد یار خان نعیمی",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Ahmed Yaar Khan Naeemi",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Hakim al-Ummat",
    "kind": "laqab"
   },
   {
    "value": "Salik",
    "kind": "pen"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "scholar",
   "writer"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1894-03-01",
   "hijri": "1311",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "His birth year is genuinely contested and the record does not smooth it over. The English and Urdu articles headline 1 March 1894, which the record follows, but both pair that date with 4 Jumada al-Ula 1324 AH — a Hijri date that converts to 1906, not 1894. The Urdu article's birth section further records a Shawwal 1314 AH birth from Kokab's Hayat-e-Salik, and a 1324 AH / 1906 CE reading supported by three printed biographies (Hayat-e-Salik; Mehr Ali Shah's Al-Yawaqit al-Mihriyya, 1384/1964; Sharaf Qadri's Tazkira Akabir Ahl-e-Sunnat, 1976). The Arabic article, from the Royal Aal al-Bayt Encyclopaedia of Islamic Civilisation, gives 1324–1391 AH / 1904–1971 CE, and Wikidata likewise gives 1904. The Hijri year shown is the conversion of the followed Gregorian date; the sources' own pairing is 1324. Budaun has no place entity, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur",
    "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar",
    "source/wikidata-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1971-10-24",
   "hijri": "1391",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died 24 October 1971 at Gujrat, Punjab (the English and Urdu articles date it to 3 Ramadan 1391 AH, and Wikidata agrees on the Gregorian date); his shrine is at Gujrat. Gujrat has no place entity, so no died_in or buried_in edge is written. The Hijri year is a conversion, agreeing with the articles' own Hijri date.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur",
    "source/wikidata-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "Both readings rest on a single text family and are preserved here rather than recorded. The English text's lead calls him a Sunni Islamic scholar, commentator, jurist and Sufi, and its legacy section states that he was the follower and caliph of Syed Naeem-ud-din Qadri Moradabadi; but the English article is one text. Its infobox's fields — Sunni denomination, Hanafi jurisprudence, Maturidi creed, Barelvi movement, Qadri tariqa — are a single infobox and never count. The Urdu text, independently written, names no madhhab for him anywhere, records no bay'ah or khilafa of his own, and mentions Ahl-e-Sunnat only in category filings and in the title of a biographical book that includes him. The Arabic text names no school. One independent attestation is therefore missing for both a sunni segment and a sufi segment, and under the doubt rule the value stays unknown.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en",
     "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q31559"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en",
   "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur",
   "source/wikidata-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Ahmad Yar Khan Naeemi' (revision 1371074486), Urdu Wikipedia 'احمد یار خان نعیمی' (revision 9289733) and Arabic Wikipedia 'أحمد يار خان النعيمي' (revision 72341262), each fetched by its recorded revision id with the returned id asserted equal before use, and Wikidata item Q31559 (item revision 2558716777). Existence checks by name fragments (naimi, naeemi, احمد یار), by Arabic label across data/person, by biography and by QID found no prior record for this man. No relations are written: Budaun and Gujrat have no place entities, and his teacher Syed Naeem-ud-din Muradabadi has no person record (person/mufti-muhammad-naeem is a different man), so no student_of edge is written. The founder's flagged question on this record: the Sunni and Sufi readings each rest on the English text alone (its infobox aside) and are preserved in the faith note; his birth year is likewise unsettled between 1894, 1904 and 1906 across the sources. The lane queue gives 1894–1971 under the spelling 'Naimi'; the articles' 'Naeemi' spelling is recorded as an alternate name.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-77"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "أحمد يار خان النعيمي (1324 – 1391هـ / 1904 – 1971م) مفتي ومفسر من أهل الهند، بحسب موسوعة الحضارة الإسلامية الصادرة عن المجمع الملكي لبحوث الحضارة الإسلامية، التي تؤرخ سنواته بالهجري والميلادي كما هي هنا.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar} وتصفه المقالة الإنجليزية بأنه عالم سني ومفسر وفقيه وصوفي لُقّب بحكيم الأمة، وتشتهر له «التفسير النعيمي» في أحد عشر مجلداً.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مولده وخلاف سنته",
     "markdown": "اختلف في سنة مولده اختلافاً لا يستقيم إخفاؤه: المقالة الإنجليزية تؤرخه بشهر شوال سنة 1894، والمقالة الأردية تتصدّر بـ1 آذار 1894 مقترناً بـ4 جمادى الأولى 1324هـ، وهو تاريخ هجري يقابل 1906 لا 1894؛ وتسجل مقالة الأردية في قسم الولادة أيضاً مولداً في شوال 1314هـ من «حيات سالك» لعبد النبي كوكب، وقراءة 1324هـ/1906م تستند إلى ثلاث تراجم مطبوعة.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en}{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur} أما المقالة العربية فتعطي 1324–1391هـ / 1904–1971م، وتتفق ويكي بيانات على 1904.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar} وقد أُثبت في سجله تاريخ المقالتين الإنجليزية والأردية المتصدّر (1894) مع حفظ القراءات كلها هنا."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ترجمته وتعليمه",
     "markdown": "وُلد في قرية أوجهاني من أعمال بدايون بالهند، وأخذ عن والده محمد يار خان، ثم التحق بمدرسة شمس العلوم ببدايون وأخذ فيها عن قدير بخش البدايواني، ودخل بعدها الجامعة النعيمية في مراد آباد وأخذ فيها عن محمد نعيم المراد آبادي ومشتاق أحمد الكانفوري، ثم اشتغل بالتدريس والإفتاء في الجامعة النعيمية وغيرها، وتوفي بكجرات.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar} وتفصّل المقالة الأردية مسيرته التدريسية: الجامعة النعيمية بمراد آباد، ودهوراجي في كاثياوار، وكجهوشة شريف، ثم كجرات بالبنجاب حيث درّس في دار العلوم خدام الصوفية نحو اثني عشر أو ثلاثة عشر عاماً وفي أنجمن خدام الرسول عشر سنين، وكتب في سنوات كجرات كتبه كلها سوى «علم الميراث».{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "آثاره",
     "markdown": "من مؤلفاته: «التفسير النعيمي» المسمى «أشرف التفاسير» في أحد عشر مجلداً، و«نعيم الباري في انشراح البخاري»، و«مرآة المناجيح» شرح مشكاة المصابيح، و«جاء الحق»، و«شان حبيب الرحمن من آيات القرآن»، و«علم القرآن»، و«علم الميراث»، و«سلطنت المصطفى»، و«الفتاوى النعيمية»، و«نور العرفان» حاشية كنز الإيمان، و«ديوان سالك».{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar} وتذكر المقالة الإنجليزية أنه كان تابعاً وخليفة لسيد نعيم الدين القادري المراد آبادي وأنه أسس مدرسة غوثية نعيمية ودرّس فيها حتى آخر حياته.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاته",
     "markdown": "توفي في 3 رمضان 1391هـ الموافق 24 تشرين الأول 1971 في كجرات بباكستان، وقبره في مدينة كجرات.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en}{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar}} {{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur}} {{cite:wikidata-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ahmad-yar-khan-naimi",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Mufti Ahmed Yaar Khan Naeemi was a Sunni Islamic scholar, commentator, jurist and Sufi from the Indian subcontinent, honoured with the title Hakim al-Ummat; he is known above all for Tafsir Naeemi, his comprehensive eleven-volume exegesis of the Qur'an.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en} The Arabic article, drawn from the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute's Encyclopaedia of Islamic Civilisation, gives his years as 1324–1391 AH / 1904–1971 CE.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Birth and its disputed year",
     "markdown": "The English article states that he was born in the month of Shawwal in the year 1894 to Muhammad Yar Khan in the district of Budaun, Uttar Pradesh.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en} The Urdu biography is more candid about the muddle: it headlines 1 March 1894 paired with 4 Jumada al-Ula 1324 AH — a Hijri date that converts to 1906, not 1894 — and its birth section records both a Shawwal 1314 AH birth, from Kokab's Hayat-e-Salik, and a 1324 AH / 1906 CE reading supported by three printed biographies.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur} The record follows the two articles' headline date and preserves all the readings here rather than choosing silently."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Education and career",
     "markdown": "He began his education under his father until the age of ten; in 1916 he attended Madrasa Shamsul Uloom in Budaun, studying until 1919, then went to Moradabad and studied at Jamia Naeemia Moradabad under Maulana Qader Bakhsh Budauni and others, meeting Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi in this period.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en} The Arabic article likewise names his teachers as his father, Qadir Bakhsh al-Badauni at Shamsul Uloom, and Muhammad Naeem al-Muradabadi and Mushtaq Ahmad al-Kanpuri at Jamia Naeemia.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar} After completing his studies he taught and issued fatwas in India, then moved to Pakistan; the Urdu article traces his teaching at Jamia Naeemia Moradabad, at Dhoraji in Kathiawar, at Kachhocha Sharif, and then in Gujrat, where he taught for some twelve or thirteen years at Darul Uloom Khuddam-us-Sufia and ten years with Anjuman Khuddam-ur-Rasool, and wrote all his books save Ilm al-Miras during his Gujrat years.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Works",
     "markdown": "His works include Tafsir Naeemi in eleven volumes, the one-volume Tafsir Noor-ul-Irfan, Mirat al-Manajih, his eight-volume commentary on the Mishkat al-Masabih, Naeem al-Bari, his commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari, Ja al-Haq — in which the beliefs and practices of Ahl al-Sunnah wa'l-Jama'ah are presented with scholarly and logical arguments — Fatawa Naeemiya, Ilm al-Miras on inheritance law, Diwan-e-Salik and Saltanat-e-Mustafa.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en} The English article's legacy section states that he was the follower and caliph of Syed Naeem-ud-din Qadri Moradabadi and that he established Madrasa Ghausia Naeemia, teaching there until the end of his life.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "He died on 3 Ramadan 1391 AH, corresponding to 24 October 1971, in Gujrat, Pakistan, where his shrine is located.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en} The Urdu article gives the same date and adds that his grave is in Gujrat city.{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar}} {{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur}} {{cite:wikidata-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ahmad-yar-khan-naimi",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "مفتی احمد یار خان نعیمی اشرفی بدایونی گجراتی (ولادت: 1324ھ/1894ء، وفات: 1391ھ/1971ء) مشہور عالم دین، مفسرِ قرآن، شارحِ حدیث، مفتی، مفکر، نعت گو شاعر اور بہت سی کتب کے مصنف تھے، جو «مفسر شہیر» اور «حکیم الامت» جیسے القاب سے جانے جاتے ہیں؛ ان کی مشہور کتب میں «تفسیر نعیمی» (11 جلدیں)، «تفسیر نورالعرفان»، «مرآۃ المناجیح» (8 جلدیں) اور «جاء الحق» شامل ہیں۔{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur} انگریزی مضمون انھیں سنی عالم، مفسر، فقیہ اور صوفی کہتا ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ولادت اور اس کا اختلاف",
     "markdown": "ان کی ولادت صبح صادق کی ساعتوں میں محلہ کھیڑہ، بستی اوجھیانی، ضلع بدایوں میں ہوئی؛ اردو سوانح کے مطابق آپ یکم مارچ 1894ء کو 4 جمادی الاولیٰ 1324ھ جمعرات کے دن پیدا ہوئے، تاہم اسی مضمون میں یہ تصریح بھی ملتی ہے کہ ولادت کا سال 1324ھ/1906ء بھی ملتا ہے، جس کی سند حیاتِ سالک، مہر علی شاہ کی الیواقیت المہریہ اور شرف قادری کے تذکرہ اکابر اہلِ سنت سے دی گئی ہے، اور کوکب کے حوالے سے شوال 1314ھ کی روایت بھی درج ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur} عربی مضمون، جو موسوعۃ الحضارة الاسلامیہ سے ماخوذ ہے، ان کے اعوام 1324–1391ھ/1904–1971ء دیتا ہے اور وکی ڈیٹا بھی 1904 دیتا ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar} یہ تضاد ریکارڈ میں چھپایا نہیں گیا؛ اختیار وہی تاریخ کی گئی ہے جو انگریزی اور اردو مضامین کے سرے پر ہے۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تعلیم و تدریس",
     "markdown": "انھوں نے قرآن پاک سے لے کر فارسی کی نصابی تعلیم اور درسِ نظامی کی ابتدائی کتب اپنے والد مولانا محمد یار خان بدایونی سے پڑھیں، جامعہ شمس العلوم بدایوں میں قدیر بخش بدایونی کی نگرانی میں تین سال تعلیم حاصل کی، اور جامعہ نعیمیہ مراد آباد میں سید محمد نعیم الدین مراد آبادی اور مشتاق احمد صدیقی کانپوری سے فیض حاصل کر کے انیس برس کی عمر میں سندِ فراغت حاصل کی۔{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur} سندِ فراغت کے بعد انھوں نے جامعہ نعیمیہ مراد آباد، جامعہ مسکینیہ دھوراجی (کاٹھیاواڑ)، کچھوچھہ شریف اور بھکھی شریف میں تدریس کی، پھر ضلع گجرات (پنجاب، پاکستان) منتقل ہو گئے، جہاں بارہ تیرہ سال دار العلوم خدام الصوفیہ اور دس برس انجمن خدام الرسول میں تدریس و افتا کیا، اور سوائے «علم المیراث» کے اپنی تمام تصانیف گجرات کے قیام میں تحریر کیں۔{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تصانیف",
     "markdown": "ان کی تصانیف کی کل تعداد پانچ سو بتائی جاتی ہے، جن میں سے کئی تقسیم کے موقع پر ضائع ہو گئیں؛ مشہور مطبوعہ کتب میں «تفسیر نعیمی» — جس کی پہلی جلد 1363ھ/1944ء میں لکھی گئی اور جو وصال کے وقت گیارہویں پارے تک پہنچی تھی — «مرآۃ المناجیح»، «نعیم الباری فی انشراح بخاری»، «جاء الحق»، «فتاویٰ نعیمیہ»، «اسرار الاحکام»، «اسلامی زندگی»، «سلطنت مصطفےٰ» اور «دیوانِ سالک» شامل ہیں۔{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وصال",
     "markdown": "بتاریخ 3 رمضان المبارک 1391ھ (24 اکتوبر 1971ء) کو آپ کا وصال ہوا اور مزار گجرات شہر (پنجاب، پاکستان) میں ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ur}} {{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi-ar}} {{cite:wikidata-ahmad-yar-khan-naimi}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ahmad-yar-khan-naimi",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
  "person/abdul-majid-daryabadi",
  "person/abdul-majid-sindhi",
  "person/abdullah-musawi-shirazi",
  "person/alauddin-khan",
  "person/chaudhry-khaliquzzaman",
  "person/fawzi-al-qawuqji",
  "person/hafiz-ali-khan",
  "person/hamid-aytac",
  "person/hassanein-makhlouf",
  "person/idris-senussi",
  "person/khan-abdul-ghaffar-khan"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}