{
 "id": "person/aisha",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "aisha",
 "label": {
  "en": "Aisha bint Abi Bakr",
  "ar": "عائشة بنت أبي بكر"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "A wife of the Prophet and daughter of Abu Bakr; one of the most prolific transmitters of hadith in Sunni tradition, whose role is viewed differently across the traditions.",
  "ar": "زوجة النبي وابنة أبي بكر، من أكثر الرواة حديثًا في التقليد السني، ويُنظر إلى دورها بصورة مختلفة بين التقاليد."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "women",
  "scripture-and-its-sciences",
  "factions-splits-schisms"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 613.000198498258,
  "latest": 678.5812850366221
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0613~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "Traditional reports place her birth about 613–614 CE; some modern writers argue for an earlier date. Recorded as debated.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0678-07",
   "hijri": "0058-09",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Traditionally 17 Ramadan 58 AH (about July 678 CE).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "عائشة بنت أبي بكر الصديق"
   },
   {
    "kind": "laqab",
    "lang": "ar-Latn",
    "value": "Umm al-Mu'minin (Mother of the Believers)"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0613~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "Traditional reports place her birth about 613–614 CE; some modern writers argue for an earlier date. Recorded as debated.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0678-07",
   "hijri": "0058-09",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Traditionally 17 Ramadan 58 AH (about July 678 CE).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "companion",
   "scholar"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni",
   "shia-twelver"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "family-of-the-prophet",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0623~"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0632"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "companion",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0623~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "transmitter",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0632~"
    },
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "One of the most frequently cited narrators in the Sunni hadith collections.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
     "source/watt-1956-medina"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "note": "Early Muslim; recorded under the museum's Sunni frame (docs/scope.md). She predates the Sunni-Shia division."
   }
  ],
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Sunni tradition honors Aisha as Mother of the Believers, a beloved wife of the Prophet and one of the most important narrators of hadith, whose knowledge shaped early law and practice."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "academic",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Historians treat the reports about her age and marriage cautiously as later tradition, while recognizing her as a major early authority for hadith and for the politics of the first civil war."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/watt-1956-medina"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "shia-twelver",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Twelver Shia tradition is critical of Aisha chiefly for leading the forces that fought Ali at the Battle of the Camel, while still acknowledging her place among the Prophet's wives."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/momen-1985"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sensitivity": "contested",
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/watt-1956-medina"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "عائشة بنت أبي بكر ابنة الخليفة الأول وزوجة النبي. وتعدّ عند أهل السنة من أكبر رواة الحديث ومن أعلم نساء القرن الإسلامي الأول."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "وُلدت بمكة نحو سنة 613–614م، وتاريخ مولدها محل خلاف. هاجرت إلى المدينة في [[event/hijra|الهجرة]] وتزوجت [[person/muhammad|محمدًا]] نحو سنة 623 {cite:watt-1956-medina}. ونشأت في بيت النبوة، وذكر معاصروها حدة ذاكرتها وذكاءها {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nوفي سنة 627م وقعت حادثة الإفك: تخلّفت عن الركب في الرجوع من غزوة فردّها شاب من الصحابة إلى الناس، فتحدّث الغوغاء بسوء. وتربط رواية التفسير براءتها بآيات نزلت في ذلك {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nتُوفي عنها النبي ولها نحو ثمانية عشر عامًا، فعاشت بالمدينة نحو خمسة عقود، وروت في دواوين السنة ما يزيد على ألفي حديث، وصوّبت الصحابة في الفقه والعبادة، وكان لها موقف في الفتنة الأولى إذ قادت الحزب الذي قابل [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|عليًّا]] يوم الجمل سنة 656م {cite:watt-1956-medina}. وتوفيت بالمدينة في يوليو سنة 678م.\n\n:::perspectives\n- **أهل السنة**: تُجِلّها السنة أمًّا للمؤمنين، وزوجة النبي المحبوبة، ومن أهم رواة الحديث، وكان لفقهها أثر في عمل الجماعة {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n- **أكاديمي**: يتعامل المؤرخون مع الروايات في سنها وزواجها بحذر بوصفها من الأخبار المتأخرة، مع اعترافهم بمكانتها المرجعية في الحديث وبدورها في الفتنة الأولى {cite:watt-1956-medina}.\n- **الشيعة الاثنا عشرية**: ينتقدها التراث الإمامي خصوصًا لقيادتها الجيش الذي حارب عليًّا يوم الجمل، مع إقراره بمقامها بين أزواج النبي {cite:momen-1985}.\n:::"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "صوتها حاضر في فقه السنة وعقيدتها وتفسيرها؛ فمتى سألت الجماعة عما قال النبي أو فعل، كان لجواب عائشة وزن خاص."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "كانت عائشة من أقوى ذاكرة في جيلها. كان الناس يأتون من بعيد ليسألوها عما قاله النبي وفعله، وكانت إجاباتها مما كُتب به التراث."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/aisha",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Aisha bint Abi Bakr was a daughter of the first caliph and a wife of the Prophet. In Sunni tradition she is among the greatest transmitters of hadith — reports of what the Prophet said and did — and one of the most learned women of the first Islamic century."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "Born in Mecca about 613–614 CE (the traditional chronology is debated), Aisha migrated to Medina with [[event/hijra]] and was married to [[person/muhammad]] around 623 {cite:watt-1956-medina}. She grew up in the Prophet's household and was remembered by contemporaries for a sharp memory and a probing mind {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nIn 627 CE she was caught in the episode the tradition calls *the slander*: separated from the caravan on the return from a raid, she was escorted back by a young Companion, and gossip accused her of adultery. The tafsir tradition links her vindication to verses of the Qur'an (24:11 and following) {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nWidowed at about eighteen, she lived on in Medina for nearly five decades. She narrated well over two thousand reports in the Sunni collections, corrected Companions on points of law and ritual, and took part in the politics of the first civil war, leading the party that confronted [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib]] at the Battle of the Camel in 656 {cite:watt-1956-medina}. She died in Medina in July 678 CE.\n\n:::perspectives\n- **Sunni**: Sunni tradition honors Aisha as Mother of the Believers, the Prophet's beloved wife and one of the most important narrators of hadith, whose legal judgment shaped early practice {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n- **Academic**: Historians treat the reports about her age and marriage cautiously as later tradition, while recognizing her as a major early authority for hadith and a central actor in the first civil war {cite:watt-1956-medina}.\n- **Twelver Shia**: Twelver Shia tradition is critical of Aisha chiefly for leading the forces that fought Ali at the Camel, while still acknowledging her place among the Prophet's wives {cite:momen-1985}.\n:::"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "Her voice runs through Sunni law, theology and Qur'an commentary: where the community asked what the Prophet had done or said, Aisha's answer carried exceptional weight."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Aisha had one of the best memories of her generation. People came from far away to ask her what the Prophet had said and done, and her answers helped write down the tradition."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/aisha",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 16,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abu-hurayra",
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/umm-salama",
  "person/saad-ibn-abi-waqqas",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-abbas",
  "person/safiyya-bint-huyayy",
  "person/hafsa",
  "person/husayn-ibn-ali",
  "person/zaynab-bint-ali",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
  "person/safwan-ibn-umayya"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-bakr",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0623~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0632"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/ahl-al-bayt",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "As a wife of the Prophet; the membership of Ahl al-Bayt is itself contested and shown under perspectives on the group page."
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hijra",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "emigrant",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-uhud",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "brought-water-to-the-fighters",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-24-11",
   "type": "mentioned_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "The tafsir tradition associates the 'slander' verses with her vindication.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
  "person/hafsa",
  "person/muhammad",
  "person/umm-salama",
  "person/saad-ibn-abi-waqqas",
  "screen/al-risala-1976",
  "event/hijra",
  "place/medina"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}