{
 "id": "person/aref-qazvini",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "aref-qazvini",
 "label": {
  "en": "Aref Qazvini",
  "ar": "عارف قزوینی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "شاعر وموسيقي إيراني (1882–1934) اسمه الكامل ابوالقاسم عارف قزوینی، عُرف بـ«شاعر ملی» أي شاعر إيران الوطني؛ كانت تصانيفه الوطنية والسياسية أناشيد الثورة الدستورية، وقضى سنواته الأخيرة فقيرًا في همدان.",
  "en": "Iranian poet, lyricist and musician (1882-1934), full name Abolqasem Aref Qazvini, known as Iran's 'national poet'; his patriotic and political tasnifs were the songs of the Constitutional Revolution, and he spent his last years in poverty at Hamadan."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1882.0009308883823,
  "latest": 1934.0567568122233
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1882",
   "hijri": "1300",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Qazvin. The year is not settled: English Wikipedia gives circa 1882, following the 1300 AH date on the cover of his Divan as published in his lifetime, while the Persian infobox gives 1259 SH (1880-81) and other accounts cited in the English article's note give 1295 AH and about 1297 AH. The Hijri year follows the Divan cover and is marked derived against the recorded year.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en",
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-fa",
    "source/wikidata-aref-qazvini"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1934-01-21",
   "hijri": "1352",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Hamadan; buried at the Avicenna Mausoleum. Persian Wikipedia gives 1 Bahman 1312 SH, Encyclopaedia Iranica gives 1 Bahman 1312 = 21 January 1934, and Wikidata gives 21 January 1934; the English article's text allows that he died about 12:30 a.m. on 20 January or in the early hours of 21 January. The Hijri year is a conversion, marked derived.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en",
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-fa",
    "source/iranica-aref-qazvini",
    "source/wikidata-aref-qazvini"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Abolqasem Aref Qazvini",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "ابوالقاسم عارف قزوینی",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "National Poet",
    "kind": "laqab"
   },
   {
    "value": "شاعر ملی",
    "kind": "laqab"
   },
   {
    "value": "Aref Ghazvini",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "poet",
   "musician"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1882",
   "hijri": "1300",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Qazvin. The year is not settled: English Wikipedia gives circa 1882, following the 1300 AH date on the cover of his Divan as published in his lifetime, while the Persian infobox gives 1259 SH (1880-81) and other accounts cited in the English article's note give 1295 AH and about 1297 AH. The Hijri year follows the Divan cover and is marked derived against the recorded year.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en",
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-fa",
    "source/wikidata-aref-qazvini"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1934-01-21",
   "hijri": "1352",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Hamadan; buried at the Avicenna Mausoleum. Persian Wikipedia gives 1 Bahman 1312 SH, Encyclopaedia Iranica gives 1 Bahman 1312 = 21 January 1934, and Wikidata gives 21 January 1934; the English article's text allows that he died about 12:30 a.m. on 20 January or in the early hours of 21 January. The Hijri year is a conversion, marked derived.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en",
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-fa",
    "source/iranica-aref-qazvini",
    "source/wikidata-aref-qazvini"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No source read attests a faith or a school for him personally. English Wikipedia records that his ancestors two generations back were Zoroastrians - family background, which never counts - and that as a youth his father made him attend sermons, perform noha recitation and wear a turban, all of which he dropped on his father's death: practice imposed in youth, not attestation. Encyclopaedia Iranica records that a takfir was issued against him by others and describes his drinking and profligacy; others' judgements and a man's conduct are not attestation in any direction. Persian Wikipedia makes no statement of his religion and Wikidata carries no religion value.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en",
     "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-fa",
     "source/iranica-aref-qazvini",
     "source/wikidata-aref-qazvini"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q2654962"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en",
   "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-fa",
   "source/wikidata-aref-qazvini",
   "source/iranica-aref-qazvini"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "Lane brief century-additions-40 (group Z2); grounded from English Wikipedia revision 1353224006, Persian Wikipedia revision 44707374, the Encyclopaedia Iranica entry by Matini, and Wikidata item Q2654962 (revision 2543721141), resolved via the Wikipedia API pageprops and Special:EntityData.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-40"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تكوينه وسنوات الدستور",
     "markdown": "وُلد في قزوين وتختلف المصادر في سنة ميلاده (1880–1882؛ يصرّح سجل المتحف بالتأريخات). تعلّم الخط والموسيقى التقليدية وغنّى في البلاط القاجاري لكنه رفض مخصصًا ملكيًّا، ومن 1905 راحت أغانيه الثورية تنتشر في إيران وخارجها. رافق لجنة الدفاع الوطني في الحرب العالمية الأولى، ورثى الكولونيل پسیان بتصانيف مشهورة مثل «گریه کن»، وأيّد مشروع الجمهورية سنة 1924، ثم لما مُنع من الحفلات في عهد رضا شاه اعتزل إلى همدان. {cite:wikipedia-aref-qazvini-fa}{cite:iranica-aref-qazvini}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "سنواته الأخيرة ووفاته",
     "markdown": "عاش في همدان فقيرًا على مخصص يتضاءل، وزاره أمثال طاغور وأحمد کسروی. وبعد أن أنهكه مرض القلب والتهاب الشعب وسرطان أفقده صوته، مات هناك في 21 يناير 1934 — ويُبقي نص المقال الإنجليزي ليلة 20/21 يناير محتملة — ودُفن في ضريح ابن سينا. {cite:wikipedia-aref-qazvini-fa}{cite:iranica-aref-qazvini}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الانتماء",
     "markdown": "سُجّل انتماؤه مجهولًا. فالمقال الإنجليزي يذكر أن أسلافه قبل جيلين كانوا زرادشتيين — وهو أصل عائلي لا يُحتسب — وشبابًا قضاه مُكرَهًا من أبيه في حضور المواعظ وإنشاد النواحي ولبس العمامة ثم تركه كله؛ وتذكر إيرانيكا أن تكفيرًا صدر بحقه من آخرين وأنه كان يشرب الخمر. ولا يشهد شيء من ذلك بعقيدة شخصية أو بعدمها، والمقال الفارسي وويكيبيانات صامتان. {cite:wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en}{cite:iranica-aref-qazvini}{cite:wikidata-aref-qazvini}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المصادر",
     "markdown": "بُنيت هذه المقالة على سجلات المصادر المستشهَد بها في سجل مصادر المتحف (data/source/). تُذكر الوقائع كما وردت في المصادر المستشهَد بها فقط؛ وحيث يصمت المصدر تصمت المقالة."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/aref-qazvini",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Formation and the constitutional years",
     "markdown": "He was born at Qazvin, his birth year variously given (1880–1882; the museum's record discloses the datings). Trained in calligraphy and traditional music, he sang at the Qajar court but refused a royal stipend, and from 1905 his revolutionary songs spread through Iran and beyond. He travelled with the National Defence Committee in the First World War, mourned Colonel Pessian in famous tasnifs such as \"Gerye kon\", supported the republican project of 1924, and then, barred from concerts under Reza Shah, withdrew to Hamadan. {cite:wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en}{cite:iranica-aref-qazvini}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Last years and death",
     "markdown": "In Hamadan he lived in poverty on a shrinking stipend, visited by figures such as Tagore and Ahmad Kasravi. Ill with heart disease, bronchitis and a cancer that took his voice, he died there on 21 January 1934 — the English article's text leaves open the night of 20/21 January — and was buried at the Avicenna Mausoleum. {cite:wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en}{cite:iranica-aref-qazvini}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Affiliation",
     "markdown": "His affiliation is recorded as unknown. The English article gives him Zoroastrian ancestors two generations back — family background — and a youth spent, at his father's insistence, in sermon attendance and mourning recitation, which he abandoned as a young man; Iranica records a takfir issued against him by others and his drinking. None of this attests a personal faith or unbelief, and the Persian article and Wikidata are silent. {cite:wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en}{cite:iranica-aref-qazvini}{cite:wikidata-aref-qazvini}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "This entry is built from the cited source records in the museum's source registry (data/source/). Facts are stated only as the cited sources give them; where a source is silent, the entry is silent."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/aref-qazvini",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعلیم اور آئینی دور",
     "markdown": "وہ قزوین میں پیدا ہوئے؛ ان کے سنِ پیدائش میں مآخذ کا اختلاف ہے (1880–1882؛ عجائب گھر کا ریکارڈ تمام تأریخات درج کرتا ہے)۔ خطاطی اور روایتی موسیقی سیکھی، قاجاری دربار میں گایا مگر شاہی وظیفہ لینے سے انکار کیا، اور 1905 سے ان کے انقلابی گیت ایران اور باہر پھیلنے لگے۔ پہلی عالمی جنگ میں قومی دفاع کمیٹی کے ساتھ رہے، کرنل پسیان کی موت پر «گریہ کن» جیسی مشہور تصانیف کہیں، 1924 کے جمہوری منصوبے کی حمایت کی، اور پھر رضا شاہ کے دور میں محفلوں پر پابندی کے بعد ہمدان میں گوشہ نشین ہو گئے۔ {cite:wikipedia-aref-qazvini-fa}{cite:iranica-aref-qazvini}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "آخری برس اور وفات",
     "markdown": "ہمدان میں وہ گھٹتے ہوئے وظیفے پر غربت میں رہے اور طاغور و احمد کسروی جیسی شخصیات ان سے ملنے آئیں۔ دل کی بیماری، سانس کی تکلیف اور آواز چھین لینے والے سرطان کے بعد 21 جنوری 1934 کو وہیں وفات پائی — انگریزی مضمون کا متن 20/21 جنوری کی رات کو کھلا چھوڑتا ہے — اور ابنِ سینا کے مزار پر دفن ہوئے۔ {cite:wikipedia-aref-qazvini-fa}{cite:iranica-aref-qazvini}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وابستگی",
     "markdown": "ان کی وابستگی نامعلوم درج ہے۔ انگریزی مضمون بتاتا ہے کہ ان کے اسلاف دو پشت پہلے زرتشتی تھے — یہ خاندانی پس منظر ہے — اور نوجوانی میں والد کے اصرار پر وہ وعظ کی مجالس، نوحہ خوانی اور عمامے کے پابند رہے جو انھوں نے چھوڑ دیے؛ ایرانیکا بتاتی ہے کہ دوسروں نے ان کے خلاف تکفیر جاری کی اور وہ شراب پیتے تھے۔ ان میں سے کوئی چیز ذاتی عقیدے یا عدمِ عقیدے کی شہادت نہیں بنتی، اور فارسی مضمون و وکی ڈیٹا خاموش ہیں۔ {cite:wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en}{cite:iranica-aref-qazvini}{cite:wikidata-aref-qazvini}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مآخذ",
     "markdown": "یہ مدخل عجائب گھر کے ماخذ رجسٹر (data/source/) میں درج حوالہ شدہ ماخذ ریکارڈوں پر مبنی ہے۔ حقائق صرف اسی طرح بیان کیے گئے ہیں جیسے حوالہ شدہ ماخذ دیتے ہیں؛ جہاں ماخذ خاموش ہے، مدخل بھی خاموش ہے۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/aref-qazvini",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/a-k-fazlul-huq",
  "person/abbas-hilmi-ii",
  "person/abd-al-hafid-of-morocco",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-maghribi",
  "person/abd-al-rahman-shahbandar",
  "person/abdelaziz-thaalbi",
  "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
  "person/abdul-haq",
  "person/abdul-karim-amrullah",
  "person/abdul-karim-khan",
  "person/abdullah-bin-jassim-al-thani",
  "person/abdullah-haroon"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/qazvin",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en",
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-fa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/hamadan",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en",
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-fa",
    "source/iranica-aref-qazvini"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "building/avicenna-mausoleum",
   "type": "buried_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-aref-qazvini-en",
    "source/iranica-aref-qazvini"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/abu-al-hayja-hamadan-593",
  "event/conquest-of-hamadan",
  "event/conquest-of-qazvin",
  "event/ibn-sina-vizier-hamadan-1015",
  "event/mongol-sweep-jibal-617",
  "event/tatars-rayy-hamadan-621",
  "person/asad-al-mayhani",
  "person/ayn-al-qudat-al-hamadhani"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}