{
 "id": "person/bingu-wa-mutharika",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "bingu-wa-mutharika",
 "label": {
  "ar": "بينغو وا موثاريكا",
  "en": "Bingu wa Mutharika",
  "ur": "بینگو وا موتھاریکا"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "اقتصادي وسياسي مالاوي (1934–2012) عمل في الخدمة المدنية في مالاوي وزامبيا وفي البنك الدولي ولجنة الأمم المتحدة الاقتصادية لأفريقيا، واختاره باكيلي مولوزي خلفًا له ففاز بانتخابات 2004، وأسس الحزب الديمقراطي التقدمي، واشتهر ببرنامج إعانة الأسمدة الذي حقق الأمن الغذائي، ورأس الاتحاد الأفريقي سنة 2010، ثم اضطربت ولايته الثانية باحتجاجات 2011 وتدهور اقتصادي، وتوفي في المنصب في 5 أبريل 2012.",
  "en": "Malawian economist and politician (1934–2012) who served in the civil services of Malawi and Zambia, at the World Bank and at the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, was handpicked by Bakili Muluzi as his successor and won the 2004 election, founded the Democratic Progressive Party, was noted for the fertiliser-subsidy programme that delivered food security, chaired the African Union in 2010, then saw a troubled second term of 2011 protests and economic decline, and died in office on 5 April 2012.",
  "ur": "ملاوی کے ماہر معاشیات اور سیاست دان (1934ء–2012ء) جو ملاوی و زیمبیا کی سول سروس، عالمی بینک اور اقوام متحدہ کے اقتصادی کمیشن برائے افریقہ میں کام کر چکے تھے؛ بکیلی مولوزی نے انھیں اپنا جانشین منتخب کیا اور وہ 2004ء کے انتخابات جیت گئے، ڈیموکریٹک پروگریسیو پارٹی بنائی، کھاد کی سبسڈی کے پروگرام سے غذائی تحفظ حاصل کیا، 2010ء میں افریقی یونین کے سربراہ رہے، پھر دوسری مدت میں 2011ء کے احتجاج اور معاشی زوال دیکھا اور 5 اپریل 2012ء کو عہدے پر ہی وفات پائی۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "east-africa"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1934.1471077434855,
  "latest": 2012.262332559843
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1934-02-24",
   "hijri": "1352",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born Brightson Webster Ryson Thom on 24 February 1934 in the village of Kamoto in Thyolo District, Nyasaland (present-day Malawi), on the English article, the Arabic article and Wikidata. No place entity for Thyolo exists in the museum, so the place is carried in this note and no born_in relation is written. The Hijri year is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en",
    "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar",
    "source/wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "2012-04-05",
   "hijri": "1433",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "He died of cardiac arrest in Lilongwe on 5 April 2012 (English and Arabic articles; Wikidata gives Lilongwe as the place of death), the first Malawian head of state to die in office; his death was officially confirmed on 7 April and Joyce Banda was sworn in the same day. No place entity for Lilongwe exists in the museum, so the place is carried in this note and no died_in relation is written. The Hijri year is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en",
    "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar",
    "source/wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Bingu wa Mutharika",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Brightson Webster Ryson Thom",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "بينغو وا موثاريكا",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "بینگو وا موتھاریکا",
    "kind": "full"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "politician"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1934-02-24",
   "hijri": "1352",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born Brightson Webster Ryson Thom on 24 February 1934 in the village of Kamoto in Thyolo District, Nyasaland (present-day Malawi), on the English article, the Arabic article and Wikidata. No place entity for Thyolo exists in the museum, so the place is carried in this note and no born_in relation is written. The Hijri year is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en",
    "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar",
    "source/wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "2012-04-05",
   "hijri": "1433",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "He died of cardiac arrest in Lilongwe on 5 April 2012 (English and Arabic articles; Wikidata gives Lilongwe as the place of death), the first Malawian head of state to die in office; his death was officially confirmed on 7 April and Joyce Banda was sworn in the same day. No place entity for Lilongwe exists in the museum, so the place is carried in this note and no died_in relation is written. The Hijri year is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en",
    "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar",
    "source/wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "FLAGGED for the founder: a Roman Catholic reading exists but rests on one text family. In full: the English article's text states that he was born and baptised in the Presbyterian denomination and later converted to Roman Catholicism, citing a BBC News profile of 10 August 2007; his parents were members of the Church of Scotland Mission (later the Church of Central Africa, Presbyterian), which is family background. The Arabic article's infobox religion field reads Catholic and Wikidata's religion value (P140) is Catholicism — structured-data echoes of the same claim, not independent attestations — and the Arabic and Urdu articles file him under Malawian Roman Catholics, which are category filings and never attest. Only one independent text attests the conversion, so under the two-source rule for a documented affiliation (the Weah and Fairuz bar) the value stays unknown, with the Catholic reading preserved here; one further independent text naming his Catholic affiliation would settle it as christian/documented.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en",
     "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar",
     "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ur",
     "source/wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q181586"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en",
   "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ur",
   "source/wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Bingu wa Mutharika' (revision 1379344638 of 9 October 2026), Arabic Wikipedia 'بينغو وا موثاريكا' (revision 76248620 of 17 August 2026) and Urdu Wikipedia 'بینگو وا موتھاریکا' (revision 11247500 of 25 June 2026), each fetched on 27 October 2026 by its recorded revision id and asserted equal to it, with Wikidata item Q181586 (item revision 2557815476 of 17 October 2026), likewise fetched by revision id and asserted equal. The man was verified absent from the museum in both directions: no person file matches his name in any script, no museum record carries Q181586, and the only Mutharika mentions on disk are in the Muluzi records built in wave 82. His Arabic label بينغو وا موثاريكا collides with no existing record's label. No relations are written for his birth or death places, because the museum has no place entities for Thyolo or Lilongwe; his successor Joyce Banda has no museum record.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-83"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "النشأة والمسيرة",
     "markdown": "وُلد باسم برايتسون وبستر رايسون ثوم في 24 فبراير 1934 في قرية كاموتو بمنطقة ثيولو، وهو من مجموعة لوموي العرقية؛ وكان والداه معلمَين وعضوَين في بعثة كنيسة اسكتلندا التي صارت لاحقًا كنيسة وسط أفريقيا المشيخية. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} تلقّى تعليمه في الهند والولايات المتحدة في ستينيات القرن العشرين، وتخرج في جامعة دلهي بدرجة الماجستير في الاقتصاد. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} وعمل موظفًا إداريًا في حكومتَي مالاوي وزامبيا، وموظف قروض في البنك الدولي، ومديرًا للتجارة وتمويل التنمية في لجنة الأمم المتحدة الاقتصادية لأفريقيا، وأمينًا عامًا للسوق المشتركة لشرق أفريقيا وجنوبها (كوميسا). {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} وفي سنة 2002 عُيّن وزيرًا للتخطيط الاقتصادي والتنمية في حكومة مولوزي. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الرئاسة",
     "markdown": "رشّحه مولوزي خلفًا له، ففاز بانتخابات 20 مايو 2004 وتولّى المنصب بعد أيام. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar} وفي سنة 2005، إثر خلاف مع مولوزي، غادر الجبهة الديمقراطية المتحدة وأسس الحزب الديمقراطي التقدمي. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} وجلبت ولايته الأولى نموًا مطّردًا وانخفاضًا في التضخم وبرنامجًا لإعانة الأسمدة رفع إنتاج الذرة كثيرًا؛ فحققت مالاوي في موسم 2005/2006 فائضًا غذائيًا، وقدّرت وزارة المالية أن نسبة المالاويين تحت خط الفقر انخفضت من 52 بالمئة إلى 40 بالمئة خلال أربع سنوات. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} وأُعيد انتخابه سنة 2009 بنسبة 66.7 بالمئة من الأصوات. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} وفي 31 يناير 2010 صار رئيسًا للاتحاد الأفريقي، أول رئيس دولة مالاوي يشغل هذا المنصب، وروّج لمبادرة «سلة غذاء أفريقيا» للأمن الغذائي. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en}\n\nواتسمت ولايته الثانية بتراجع ديمقراطي وتدهور اقتصادي ونقص في الوقود والعملات الأجنبية والكهرباء. وفي يوليو 2011 قوبلت احتجاجات واسعة على النقص والأسعار والبطالة بالرصاص الحي، وأكدت وزارة الصحة المالاوية مقتل 18 شخصًا في كارونغا ومزوزو. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} وطرد المفوض السامي البريطاني بعد برقية مسرّبة وصفته بأنه يزداد «غطرسة» و«استبدادًا»، وطرد نائبته جويس باندا من الحزب سنة 2010، وإن بقيت نائبة لرئيس البلاد. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الوفاة",
     "markdown": "توفي موثاريكا بأزمة قلبية في ليلونغوي في 5 أبريل 2012، أول رئيس دولة مالاوي يموت في المنصب؛ وأُكّدت وفاته رسميًا في 7 أبريل، وأدّت جويس باندا اليمين رئيسة في اليوم نفسه. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar} {cite:wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظة على السجل",
     "markdown": "يذكر متن المقالة الإنجليزية أن موثاريكا وُلد وعُمّد في الطائفة المشيخية ثم تحوّل لاحقًا إلى الكاثوليكية الرومانية، مستشهدًا بملف لهيئة الإذاعة البريطانية؛ ويقرأ حقل الدين في صندوق معلومات المقالة العربية «كاثوليكي»، وقيمة الدين في ويكيداتا هي الكاثوليكية، وتصنّفه المقالتان العربية والأردية ضمن رومان كاثوليك مالاوي. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar} {cite:wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika} غير أن متنًا مستقلًا واحدًا فقط يشهد على هذا التحوّل — وصندوق المعلومات والقيمة المهيكلة والتصنيفات أصداء للادعاء نفسه لا شهادات مستقلة — ولذلك تُسجَّل عقيدته في المتحف «غير معروفة» وفق قاعدة المصدرين، مع حفظ القراءة الكاثوليكية لعناية المؤسس.\n\nخلف باكيلي مولوزي في الرئاسة، وهذه العلاقة مكتوبة في هذا السجل؛ أما خلفه جويس باندا فلا سجل لها في المتحف. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المصادر",
     "markdown": "- {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar}\n- {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en}\n- {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ur}\n- {cite:wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/bingu-wa-mutharika",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Early life and career",
     "markdown": "He was born Brightson Webster Ryson Thom on 24 February 1934 in the village of Kamoto in Thyolo District, a member of the Lomwe ethnic group; his parents were teachers and members of the Church of Scotland Mission, which later became the Church of Central Africa, Presbyterian. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} He was educated in India and the United States in the 1960s, graduating from the University of Delhi with a master's degree in economics. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} He served as an administrative officer in the governments of Malawi and Zambia, worked at the World Bank as a loans officer and at the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa as director of trade and development finance, and was secretary general of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} In 2002 he was appointed minister of economic planning and development in Muluzi's government. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Presidency",
     "markdown": "Muluzi nominated Mutharika as his successor, and he won the presidential election of 20 May 2004 and took office a few days later. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar} In 2005, after a dispute with Muluzi, he left the United Democratic Front and founded the Democratic Progressive Party. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} His first term brought steady growth, falling inflation and a fertiliser-subsidy programme that significantly boosted maize production; in the 2005/2006 season Malawi achieved a food surplus, and the finance ministry estimated that the share of Malawians below the poverty line fell from 52 per cent to 40 per cent over four years. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} He was re-elected in 2009 with 66.7 per cent of the vote. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} On 31 January 2010 he became chairperson of the African Union, the first Malawian head of state to hold the post, and promoted an \"African Food Basket\" initiative on food security. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en}\n\nHis second term was marked by democratic backsliding, economic decline and shortages of fuel, foreign exchange and electricity. In July 2011 nationwide protests over shortages, prices and unemployment were met with live ammunition, and Malawi's health ministry confirmed 18 deaths in Karonga and Mzuzu. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} He expelled the British high commissioner after a leaked cable described him as increasingly \"arrogant\" and \"autocratic\", and expelled his own vice-president, Joyce Banda, from the party in 2010, though she remained vice-president of the country. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "Mutharika died of cardiac arrest in Lilongwe on 5 April 2012, the first Malawian head of state to die in office; his death was officially confirmed on 7 April, and Joyce Banda was sworn in as president the same day. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar} {cite:wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Note on the record",
     "markdown": "The English article's text states that Mutharika was born and baptised in the Presbyterian denomination and later converted to Roman Catholicism, citing a BBC News profile; the Arabic article's infobox religion field reads Catholic, Wikidata's religion value is Catholicism, and the Arabic and Urdu articles file him under Malawian Roman Catholics. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar} {cite:wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika} Only one independent text attests the conversion — the infobox, the structured value and the category filings are echoes of the same claim, not independent attestations — so under the museum's two-source rule his faith is recorded as unknown, with the Catholic reading preserved for the founder's attention.\n\nHe succeeded Bakili Muluzi as president, and that relation is written in this record; his successor Joyce Banda has no record in the museum. {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar}\n- {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en}\n- {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ur}\n- {cite:wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/bingu-wa-mutharika",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی اور کیریئر",
     "markdown": "وہ 24 فروری 1934ء کو تھیولو ضلع کے گاؤں کاموٹو میں برائٹسن ویبسٹر رائسن تھوم کے نام سے پیدا ہوئے اور لوموے نسلی گروہ سے تعلق رکھتے تھے؛ ان کے والدین اساتذہ اور چرچ آف اسکاٹ لینڈ مشن کے ارکان تھے۔ {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} انھوں نے بھارت اور امریکا میں تعلیم حاصل کی اور دہلی یونیورسٹی سے معاشیات میں ماسٹرز کیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} وہ ملاوی و زیمبیا کی سول سروس، عالمی بینک اور اقوام متحدہ کے اقتصادی کمیشن برائے افریقہ میں کام کر چکے تھے اور کومیسا کے سیکرٹری جنرل بھی رہے؛ 2002ء میں وہ مولوزی کی حکومت میں اقتصادی منصوبہ بندی کے وزیر بنے۔ {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "صدارت اور وفات",
     "markdown": "وہ 20 مئی 2004ء کے انتخابات جیت کر صدر بنے، 2005ء میں ڈیموکریٹک پروگریسیو پارٹی قائم کی، اور کھاد کی سبسڈی کے پروگرام سے ملاوی نے غذائی خود کفالت حاصل کی؛ 2009ء میں وہ دوبارہ منتخب ہوئے۔ {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} دوسری مدت میں معاشی زوال اور جولائی 2011ء کے پرتشدد احتجاج ہوئے، جن میں وزارت صحت نے 18 اموات کی تصدیق کی۔ {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} 5 اپریل 2012ء کو وہ للونگوے میں دل کا دورہ پڑنے سے وفات پا گئے — عہدے پر مرنے والے ملاوی کے پہلے سربراہ — اور جوئس بانڈا ان کی جانشین بنیں۔ {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} {cite:wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ریکارڈ پر نوٹ",
     "markdown": "انگریزی مقالے کے متن کے مطابق وہ پریسبیٹیرین فرقے میں پیدا و بپتسمہ یافتہ ہوئے اور بعد میں رومن کیتھولک ہو گئے، اور اردو مقالہ انھیں ملاوی کے رومن کیتھولک میں شمار کرتا ہے؛ لیکن اس تبدیلی کی گواہی صرف ایک آزاد متن دیتا ہے، لہٰذا عجائب گھر کے دو ماخذوں کے اصول کے تحت ان کا مذہب «نامعلوم» درج ہے اور کیتھولک قراءت محفوظ رکھی گئی ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en} {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ur} {cite:wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مآخذ",
     "markdown": "- {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar}\n- {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en}\n- {cite:wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ur}\n- {cite:wikidata-bingu-wa-mutharika}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/bingu-wa-mutharika",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abderrahmane-youssoufi",
  "person/abdul-sattar-edhi",
  "person/abdullah-bin-abdulaziz",
  "person/ahmed-asmat-abdel-meguid",
  "person/ahmed-ben-bella",
  "person/ahmed-kathrada",
  "person/ahmed-lemu",
  "person/ali-hassan-mwinyi",
  "person/ali-javan",
  "person/ali-yafie",
  "person/amina-cachalia",
  "person/apj-abdul-kalam"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/bakili-muluzi",
   "type": "successor_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-en",
    "source/wikipedia-bingu-wa-mutharika-ar"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/atupele-muluzi",
  "person/bakili-muluzi"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}