{
 "id": "person/dawud-al-zahiri",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "dawud-al-zahiri",
 "label": {
  "ar": "داود الظاهري"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "داود بن علي الأصبهاني المعروف بداود الظاهري؛ ولد بالكوفة نحو سنة ٢٠٠هـ ونشأ ببغداد وتوفي بها سنة ٢٧٠هـ، درس مذهب الشافعي وتعصب له وألّف في مناقبه، ثم استقل بمذهب يعرف بمذهب الظاهرية تبعه كثير من الناس خصوصاً في فارس والأندلس؛ أنكر القياس وتمسك بظاهر الكتاب والسنة، ولم يُبح القياس إلا حيث نُص على العلة، وقد هاجم القياسيين وبيّن ما ألجأهم إليه القياس من خطأ في الأحكام {cite:duha-islam p. 567-568}.",
  "en": "Dawud ibn Ali al-Isbahani — Kufa-born (c. 200), Baghdad-bred (d. 270); a zealous Shafi'i who wrote al-Shafi'i's virtues then broke away to found the literalist Zahiri school, rejecting qiyas and holding to the evident text {cite:duha-islam p. 567-568}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-early"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "sects-and-schools",
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 815.000239566863,
  "latest": 885.0030459215136
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0815~",
   "hijri": "0200~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/duha-islam"
   ],
   "note": "وُلد بالكوفة نحو سنة ٢٠٠هـ."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0884",
   "hijri": "0270",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/duha-islam"
   ],
   "note": "توفي ببغداد سنة ٢٧٠هـ."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "داود بن علي الأصبهاني"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "jurist",
   "scholar"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0815~",
   "hijri": "0200~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/duha-islam"
   ],
   "note": "وُلد بالكوفة نحو سنة ٢٠٠هـ."
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0884",
   "hijri": "0270",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/duha-islam"
   ],
   "note": "توفي ببغداد سنة ٢٧٠هـ."
  },
  "traditions": [
   "sunni"
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/duha-islam"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "ضحى الإسلام لأحمد أمين ص 567-568",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-duha-islam-batch-6"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "داود بن علي الأصبهاني المعروف بداود الظاهري، مؤسس [[group/zahiri-madhhab|المذهب الظاهري]]. {cite:duha-islam p.567}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "وُلد بالكوفة نحو سنة 200هـ ونشأ ببغداد، وتوفي بها سنة 270هـ. {cite:duha-islam p.567}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مذهبه",
     "markdown": "يذكر أحمد أمين أنه درس مذهب الشافعي وتعصب له وألّف في مناقبه. ثم استقل بمذهب عُرف بالظاهرية، تبعه كثير من الناس، خصوصاً في فارس والأندلس. {cite:duha-islam p.567}\n\nأنكر القياس وتمسك بظاهر الكتاب والسنة، ولم يُبح القياس إلا حيث نُص على العلة. وهاجم القياسيين وبيّن ما ألجأهم إليه القياس من خطأ في الأحكام، بحسب الكتاب. {cite:duha-islam p.568}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظة",
     "markdown": "توجد صفحة أخرى للشخص نفسه باسم داود بن علي الأصبهاني؛ قد تُدمج الصفحتان."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/dawud-al-zahiri",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Dawud ibn Ali al-Isbahani, known as Dawud al-Zahiri, founder of the [[group/zahiri-madhhab|Zahiri school]]. {cite:duha-islam p.567}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "He was born in Kufa around 200 AH, grew up in Baghdad, and died there in 270 AH. {cite:duha-islam p.567}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "His school",
     "markdown": "Ahmad Amin notes that he first studied the school of al-Shafi'i and defended it, and wrote in praise of it. He then became independent and founded a school known as the Zahiri school, which many people followed, especially in Persia and al-Andalus. {cite:duha-islam p.567}\n\nHe rejected analogy (qiyas) and held to the apparent meaning of the Book and the Sunna, allowing analogy only where the cause was stated explicitly. He attacked the analogists and showed, according to the Book, the errors in legal rulings to which analogy had led them. {cite:duha-islam p.568}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Note",
     "markdown": "Another page covers the same person under the name Dawud ibn Ali al-Isbahani; the two pages may be merged."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/dawud-al-zahiri",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/ahmad-ibn-yahya-tha-lab",
  "person/ibn-abi-usama-al-harith",
  "person/abu-jafar-al-tirmidhi-muhammad-ibn-ahmad",
  "person/abu-dawud-al-sijistani",
  "person/dawud-ibn-ali-al-isbahani",
  "person/muhammad-ibn-nasr-al-marwazi",
  "person/ibn-khurradadhbih-ubayd-allah",
  "person/muhammad-i-andalusi",
  "person/al-tirmidhi-muhammad-ibn-isa",
  "person/bayazid-al-bistami",
  "person/al-bazzar-abu-bakr-ahmad-ibn-amr",
  "person/al-jawzajani-ibrahim-ibn-yaqub"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "group/zahiri-madhhab",
   "type": "founder_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/duha-islam"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "group/zahiri-madhhab",
  "concept/muta",
  "group/hanafi-madhhab",
  "group/hanbali-madhhab",
  "group/maliki-madhhab",
  "group/shafii-madhhab",
  "work/madkhal-ila-madhhab-ahmad",
  "concept/ahl-al-qibla"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}