{
 "id": "person/fatima",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "fatima",
 "label": {
  "en": "Fatima bint Muhammad",
  "ar": "فاطمة بنت محمد"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "The youngest daughter of the Prophet and Khadija and wife of Ali ibn Abi Talib; mother of Hasan and Husayn and a central figure of Ahl al-Bayt in both Sunni and Shia tradition.",
  "ar": "صغرى بنات النبي وخديجة وزوجة علي بن أبي طالب، وهي أم الحسن والحسين وشخصية محورية في أهل البيت عند السنة والشيعة معًا."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "women",
  "family-marriage-kinship",
  "sects-and-schools"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 605.0000342238375,
  "latest": 633.0006091842774
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0605~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "Traditions differ, commonly between about 605 and about 615 CE; recorded as debated.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
    "source/madelung-1997"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0632~",
   "hijri": "0011~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "She died a few months after the Prophet; reports give roughly three to six months.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
    "source/madelung-1997"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "فاطمة بنت محمد بن عبد الله"
   },
   {
    "kind": "laqab",
    "lang": "ar-Latn",
    "value": "al-Zahra"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0605~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "Traditions differ, commonly between about 605 and about 615 CE; recorded as debated.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
    "source/madelung-1997"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0632~",
   "hijri": "0011~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "She died a few months after the Prophet; reports give roughly three to six months.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
    "source/madelung-1997"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni",
   "shia-twelver"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "family-of-the-prophet",
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
     "source/madelung-1997"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "note": "Early Muslim; recorded under the museum's Sunni frame (docs/scope.md). She is also claimed centrally by Shia tradition; see perspectives."
   }
  ],
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Sunni tradition reveres Fatima as the foremost woman of the Prophet's household, the wife of Ali and mother of Hasan and Husayn, holding her among the most virtuous women."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "academic",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Historians note that early sources record few independent details of her life, and that the disputed events after the Prophet's death — the succession and the estate of Fadak — are reported through later, partisan accounts."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/madelung-1997",
     "source/watt-1956-medina"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "shia-twelver",
    "summary": {
     "en": "Twelver Shia tradition venerates Fatima as the Mistress of the Women of the Worlds, holds that she was wronged over the succession and over Fadak, and remembers her grief after the Prophet's death as part of her sanctity."
    },
    "sources": [
     "source/momen-1985",
     "source/madelung-1997"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sensitivity": "contested",
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/madelung-1997",
   "source/momen-1985"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "فاطمة أصغر بنات النبي محمد من [[person/khadija|خديجة]]، وزوجة [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|علي بن أبي طالب]]، وأم [[person/hasan-ibn-ali|الحسن]] و[[person/husayn-ibn-ali|الحسين]]. ومن ابنيها تمتد سلالة النبي."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "وُلدت بمكة في وقت ما بين نحو 605 و615م، والمصادر مختلفة {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. وتُذكر وهي صبية تغسل عن أبيها ما كان المعارضون في مكة يلقونه عليه من أذى. هاجرت إلى المدينة في [[event/hijra|الهجرة]] وتزوجت عليًّا نحو سنة 624م، وعاش بيتهما في شظف وصبر {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nوبعد وفاة النبي في يونيو سنة 632م، تذكر المصادر المبكرة حزنها وخلافها مع القيادة الجديدة حول ميراث تطالب به من تركة أبيها في فدك. وتوفيت بعده بأشهر قلائل، بين ثلاثة وستة على اختلاف الروايات، ودُفنت بالمدينة في قبر غير معلم وفق ما تحكيه الرواية {cite:madelung-1997}.\n\n:::perspectives\n- **أهل السنة**: تُجِلّها السنة سيدةَ نساء بيت النبوة، وتعدّها من أفضل نساء الأمة {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n- **أكاديمي**: يلاحظ المؤرخون قلة ما حفظته المصادر المبكرة من تفاصيل مستقلة عن حياتها، وأن أخبار ما بعد وفاة النبي — الخلافة وفدك — جاءت عبر روايات متأخرة متخاصمة {cite:madelung-1997}.\n- **الشيعة الاثنا عشرية**: يوقّرها التراث الإمامي سيدةَ نساء العالمين، ويرى أنها ظُلمت في الخلافة وفدك، ويعدّ حزنها جزءًا من منزلتها {cite:momen-1985}.\n:::"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "كل نسب يُروى إلى النبي — الأشراف والسادة المكرَّمون في العالم الإسلامي — يرجع إلى فاطمة وعلي. واسمها تحمله مدن ومساجد ودولة فاطمية كاملة وملايين النساء."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "فاطمة ابنة النبي. ابناها هما حفيداه الوحيدان اللذان كبرا، فكل من يقول اليوم إنه من ذرية النبي فهو من ذريتها."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/fatima",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Fatima was the youngest daughter of the Prophet Muhammad and [[person/khadija]], the wife of [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib]], and the mother of [[person/hasan-ibn-ali]] and [[person/husayn-ibn-ali]]. Through her sons descend the Prophet's family lines."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "Fatima was born in Mecca sometime between about 605 and 615 CE — the sources disagree {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}. As a child she is remembered tending her father when the Meccan opposition mocked or abused him. She migrated to Medina with [[event/hijra]] and was married to Ali about 624 CE, in a household remembered for poverty and endurance {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nAfter the Prophet's death in June 632, the early sources report her grief and a dispute with the new leadership over property she claimed from her father's estate at Fadak. She died a few months later — reports give roughly three to six months — and was buried in Medina, her grave unmarked by her own wish, according to the tradition {cite:madelung-1997}.\n\n:::perspectives\n- **Sunni**: Sunni tradition reveres Fatima as the foremost woman of the Prophet's household, holding her among the most virtuous women of the community {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n- **Academic**: Historians note that early sources preserve few independent details of her life, and that the events after the Prophet's death — the succession and Fadak — come through later, partisan reports {cite:madelung-1997}.\n- **Twelver Shia**: Twelver Shia tradition venerates Fatima as the Mistress of the Women of the Worlds, holds that she was wronged over the succession and Fadak, and remembers her grief as part of her sanctity {cite:momen-1985}.\n:::"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "Every line of the Prophet's descendants — the sharifs and sayyids honored across the Muslim world — traces through Fatima and Ali. Her name is carried by towns, mosques, the Fatimid dynasty, and millions of women."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Fatima was the daughter of the Prophet. Her two sons were his only grandchildren to grow up, so everyone who today claims descent from the Prophet is her descendant."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/fatima",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 24,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-masud",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/abu-bakr",
  "person/abu-dharr-al-ghifari",
  "person/abu-hurayra",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/abu-ubayda-ibn-al-jarrah",
  "person/ali-ibn-abi-talib",
  "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
  "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
  "person/hafsa"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/khadija",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ali-ibn-abi-talib",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0624~"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0632~"
   },
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/ahl-al-bayt",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-hashim",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/hasan-ibn-ali",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/husayn-ibn-ali",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/zaynab-bint-ali",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/abu-sufyan-medina-mission",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "silent",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/marriage-of-fatima-and-ali",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "group/banu-hashim",
  "person/ali-ibn-abi-talib",
  "person/muhammad",
  "group/ahl-al-bayt",
  "person/zaynab-bint-ali",
  "person/hasan-ibn-ali",
  "person/husayn-ibn-ali",
  "place/medina"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}