{
 "id": "person/firaq-gorakhpuri",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "firaq-gorakhpuri",
 "label": {
  "ar": "فراق جوراخبوري",
  "en": "Firaq Gorakhpuri",
  "ur": "فراق گورکھپوری"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "شاعر وناقد أردي هندي (1896–1982)، اسمه الأصلي رگھوپتی سہائے من غوراخبور. درّس الأدب الإنجليزي في جامعة الله آباد، وكان أول أديب أردي ينال جائزة جنانبيث (1969) عن ديوانه «گل نغمہ».",
  "en": "Indian Urdu poet and critic (1896–1982), whose birth name was Raghupati Sahay, of Gorakhpur. He taught English literature at Allahabad University and was the first Urdu writer to receive the Jnanpith Award (1969), for his collection Gul-e-Naghma.",
  "ur": "ہندوستانی اردو شاعر اور نقاد (1896ء–1982ء)، جن کا اصل نام رگھوپتی سہائے تھا اور جن کا تعلق گورکھپور سے تھا۔ وہ الہ آباد یونیورسٹی میں انگریزی ادب کے استاد رہے اور اپنے مجموعے «گل نغمہ» پر گیان پیٹھ انعام (1969ء) پانے والے پہلے اردو ادیب تھے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1896.6569470967918,
  "latest": 1982.1699966460321
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1896-08-28",
   "hijri": "1314",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English and Urdu articles and Wikidata agree: born 28 August 1896 at Banwarpar village in Gorakhpur district. The Hijri year (1314) is a conversion. No place entity exists for Gorakhpur, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en",
    "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur",
    "source/wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1982-03-03",
   "hijri": "1402",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English and Urdu articles and Wikidata agree: died 3 March 1982 at New Delhi after a long illness; the Urdu article adds that his body was taken to Allahabad and cremated at the confluence of the Ganga and the Jamuna. The Hijri year (1402) is a conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en",
    "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur",
    "source/wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "رگھوپتی سہائے",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Raghupati Sahay",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "فراق گورکھپوری",
    "kind": "pen"
   },
   {
    "value": "Firaq Gorakhpuri",
    "kind": "pen"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "poet",
   "writer",
   "teacher"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1896-08-28",
   "hijri": "1314",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English and Urdu articles and Wikidata agree: born 28 August 1896 at Banwarpar village in Gorakhpur district. The Hijri year (1314) is a conversion. No place entity exists for Gorakhpur, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en",
    "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur",
    "source/wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1982-03-03",
   "hijri": "1402",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English and Urdu articles and Wikidata agree: died 3 March 1982 at New Delhi after a long illness; the Urdu article adds that his body was taken to Allahabad and cremated at the confluence of the Ganga and the Jamuna. The Hijri year (1402) is a conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en",
    "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur",
    "source/wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "FLAGGED — he was not a Muslim, and this record does not present him as one; he stands in the queue on the Urdu canon by association. The open question is only whether his own Hindu affiliation is attested twice over, and under the lane's rule it falls one attestation short. What the sources give, exactly: the English text says he was born in a 'well-to-do and educated Hindu Kayastha family' — family background, which never counts. The Urdu text, citing Malik Ram's biographical Tazkira, records that after his death his body was taken to Allahabad and cremated at the confluence of the Ganga and the Jamuna — a Hindu funerary rite performed for him personally: practice evidence, not a named attestation. Both articles file him under 'Hindu poets' categories (filings), and Wikidata's single structured religion value is Hinduism. The faith enum does define the value hindu. If the founder counts the Urdu text's cremation account together with the structured value as two attestations of his own affiliation, this segment settles as hindu/documented; on the texts alone, no source names his affiliation in so many words, so the value stays unknown.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en",
     "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur",
     "source/wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q82071"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en",
   "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur",
   "source/wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Firaq Gorakhpuri' (revision 1381919219), Urdu Wikipedia 'فراق گورکھپوری' (revision 11870169) and Wikidata item Q82071 (item revision 2558960702, confirmed by two agreeing reads), read via the MediaWiki API on 26 October 2026; every article was fetched by its recorded revision id and the returned id asserted equal before any claim was drawn. Existence was checked by filename fragments under all spellings (firaq, gorakhpuri, sahay, raghupati), by Arabic label, by biography and by the QID route across data/person/ — no earlier record exists; the museum's qamruddin-ahmad-gorakhpuri is a different man, a Deobandi scholar of a later generation. No Arabic Wikipedia article exists for him (the Egyptian-dialect arz article is not used); the Arabic prose is written from the English and Urdu sources and says so. The died_in edge points to place/delhi, the museum's Delhi entity, for the sources' New Delhi.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-73"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "النشأة والتكوين",
     "markdown": "وُلد فراق في قرية بانواربار بمقاطعة گورکھپور في أسرة كائست هندوسية ميسورة ومتعلمة، وتزوج في الرابعة عشرة ضد رغبته. اجتاز امتحانات الخدمة المدنية الهندية ثم استقال من منصبه ليلتحق بحركة عدم التعاون بقيادة غاندي، فقضى ثمانية عشر شهرا في السجن.{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التدريس والأدب",
     "markdown": "عمل فراق محاضرا في الإنجليزية بجامعة الله آباد حتى سنة 1958، وأسس أول جمعية لكتاب التصاعدية في الهند سنة 1936، ورأس مجلس ترقي أدب في لكناو. ومن أعماله ديوانه «روح كائنات» ونقده النظري في «أدب كي حقيقة».{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en}{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الوفاة والجنازة",
     "markdown": "توفي فراق في نيودلهي في 3 مارس 1982، وتذكر المقالة الأردية — نقلا عن «تذكرة» مالك رام — أن جثمانه نُقل إلى الله آباد وأُحرق عند ملتقى نهري الغانجا والجمنا، وهو الملتقى المقدس في التقاليد الهندوسية.{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur}{cite:wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظة على الانتماء",
     "markdown": "لا يرد في متن أي مقالة تصريح بدين فراق نفسه: فالمقالة الإنجليزية تصف أسرته بأنها هندوسية (خلفية أسرية)، وقيمة ويكيداتا للدين هي «الهندوسية» (قيمة بنيوية واحدة)، ويضعه تصنيف الطبعتين في «شعراء هندوس»، وتسجل المقالة الأردية إحراق جثمانه عند ملتقى النهرين نقلا عن مالك رام. هذه القراءة مسجلة في ملاحظة الإيمان في سجله وتبقى دون عتبة الإثبات المزدوج في المتن.{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en}{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur}{cite:wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المصادر",
     "markdown": "- {cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en}\n- {cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur}\n- {cite:wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/firaq-gorakhpuri",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Early life and formation",
     "markdown": "Firaq was born at Banwarpar in Gorakhpur district into a well-to-do and educated Hindu Kayastha family, and was married at fourteen against his wish. He passed the Indian Civil Service examinations, then resigned his deputy collectorship to join Gandhi's Non-cooperation movement, spending eighteen months in jail.{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Teaching and letters",
     "markdown": "Firaq lectured in English at Allahabad University until 1958, founded India's first association of progressive writers in 1936, and presided over the Progressive Writers' Association at Lucknow. His works include the collection Rooh-e-Kainat and the critical treatise Adab ki Haqiqat.{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en}{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death and funeral",
     "markdown": "Firaq died at New Delhi on 3 March 1982. The Urdu article, citing Malik Ram's Tazkira, records that his body was taken to Allahabad and cremated at the confluence of the Ganga and the Jamuna, the meeting of rivers held sacred in Hindu tradition.{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur}{cite:wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "A note on affiliation",
     "markdown": "No article states Firaq's own religion in its text: the English article describes his family as Hindu (family background), Wikidata's religion value is Hinduism (one structured value), both editions file him among Hindu poets, and the Urdu article records his cremation at the Sangam on Malik Ram's authority. The reading is set out in full in his record's faith note and stands one text attestation short of the museum's two-text bar.{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en}{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur}{cite:wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- {cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en}\n- {cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur}\n- {cite:wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/firaq-gorakhpuri",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی اور تعلیم",
     "markdown": "فراق ضلع گورکھپور کے بانوار پار میں ایک خوش حال اور تعلیم یافتہ ہندو کائست گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے اور چودہ برس کی عمر میں ان کی مرضی کے خلاف شادی ہوئی۔ انہوں نے ہندوستانی سول سروس کا امتحان پاس کیا، پھر عہدہ چھوڑ کر گاندھی کی تحریک عدم تعاون میں شامل ہوئے اور اٹھارہ ماہ قید کاٹی۔{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تدریس اور ادب",
     "markdown": "فراق ۱۹۵۸ء تک الٰہ آباد یونیورسٹی میں انگریزی کے لیکچرار رہے، ۱۹۳۶ء میں ہندوستان کی پہلی انجمن ترقی پسند مصنفین کی بنیاد رکھی اور لکھنؤ میں اس کی صدارت کی۔ ان کی تصانیف میں «روحِ کائنات» اور تنقیدی کتاب «ادب کی حقیقت» شامل ہیں۔{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur}{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات اور آخری رسومات",
     "markdown": "فراق ۳ مارچ ۱۹۸۲ء کو نئی دہلی میں وفات پا گئے۔ اردو مضمون مالک رام کی «تذکرہ» کے حوالے سے بیان کرتا ہے کہ ان کی میت الٰہ آباد لے جائی گئی اور گنگا و جمنا کے سنگم پر سپردِ آتش کی گئی، جو ہندو روایت میں مقدس مقام ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur}{cite:wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وابستگی پر نوٹ",
     "markdown": "کوئی مضمون اپنے متن میں فراق کے اپنے مذہب کا صریح بیان نہیں کرتا: انگریزی مضمون ان کے گھرانے کو ہندو کہتا ہے (خاندانی پس منظر)، وکی ڈیٹا کی مذہب قدر «ہندو مت» ہے (واحد بناوٹی قدر)، دونوں نسخوں کے زمرے انہیں ہندو شعرا میں رکھتے ہیں، اور اردو مضمون مالک رام کے حوالے سے ان کی چتا جلانے کا واقعہ نقل کرتا ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en}{cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur}{cite:wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مآخذ",
     "markdown": "- {cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en}\n- {cite:wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur}\n- {cite:wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/firaq-gorakhpuri",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abdullah-musawi-shirazi",
  "person/hamid-aytac",
  "person/hassanein-makhlouf",
  "person/idris-senussi",
  "person/khan-abdul-ghaffar-khan",
  "person/mohammad-ali-araki",
  "person/muhammad-zafrullah-khan",
  "person/sultan-al-atrash",
  "person/uzair-gul-peshawari",
  "person/ghulam-ghaus-hazarvi",
  "person/abdul-hai-arifi",
  "person/tawfiq-al-hakim"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/delhi",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-en",
    "source/wikipedia-firaq-gorakhpuri-ur",
    "source/wikidata-firaq-gorakhpuri"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/aurangzeb-coronation-delhi-1659",
  "event/founding-of-shahjahanabad-1638",
  "event/humayun-returns-to-delhi-962",
  "event/ibn-battuta-envoy-to-china-1342",
  "event/jama-masjid-delhi-completed-1656",
  "event/nadir-shah-sack-of-delhi-1739",
  "event/red-fort-inaugurated-1648",
  "event/siege-of-delhi-1857"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}