{
 "id": "person/ghiyath-al-din-muhammad-ibn-sam",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "ghiyath-al-din-muhammad-ibn-sam",
 "label": {
  "ar": "غياث الدين الغوري",
  "en": "Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "غياث الدين أبو الفتح محمد بن سام الغوري صاحب غزنة وبعض خراسان؛ يصفه ابن الأثير بأنه كان مظفراً منصوراً في حروبه لم تهزم له راية قط، قليل المباشرة للقتال وله دهاء ومكر، جواداً كثير الصدقات والأوقاف بخراسان بنى المساجد والمدارس لأصحاب الشافعي والخانكاهات في الطرق وأسقط المكوس؛ أكرم الفقيه فخر الدين الرازي وبالغ في إكرامه وبنى له مدرسة بهراة بالقرب من الجامع، وحضر مناظرته مع الكرامية بفيروزكوه سنة خمس وتسعين وخمسمائة؛ توفي في جمادى الأولى سنة تسع وتسعين وخمسمائة وأخفيت وفاته حتى وصل أخوه شهاب الدين إلى هراة فأظهرها في رجب، وخلفه ابنه محمود الذي لُقّب غياث الدين {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 262، 282}.",
  "en": "Abu al-Fath Muhammad ibn Sam al-Ghuri, sultan of Ghazna and much of Khurasan — Ibn al-Athir credits him with a never-defeated standard, rule by stratagem rather than personal combat, abolition of the mukus tolls, and madrasas and khanqahs across Khurasan; patron of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi at Herat and host of the Firuzkuh debate (595); died Jumada I 599, his death concealed until his brother Shihab al-Din reached Herat {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 262, 282}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/crusades-ayyubid-mamluk"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1202.9999931552325,
  "latest": 1203.0848682724175
 },
 "display": {
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1203-01~",
   "hijri": "0599-05",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "جمادى الأولى 599هـ؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 282}.",
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "gender": "male",
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1203-01~",
   "hijri": "0599-05",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "جمادى الأولى 599هـ؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 282}.",
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "ruler"
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الكامل في التاريخ — ابن الأثير، مسح kamilt00_201908، ص 262، 282",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-kamil-562-629-06"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "غياث الدين أبو الفتح محمد بن سام الغوري صاحب غزنة وبعض خراسان، وأخو [[person/shihab-al-din-ghuri|شهاب الدين]]. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 262}\n\nيصفه ابن الأثير بأنه كان مظفراً منصوراً لم تُهزم له راية قط، قليل المباشرة للقتال، وله دهاء ومكر. ويذكر أنه كان جواداً كثير الصدقات والأوقاف بخراسان، فبنى المساجد والمدارس لأصحاب الشافعي والخانكاهات في الطرق، وأسقط المكوس. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 262}\n\nأكرم الفقيه [[person/fakhr-al-din-al-razi|فخر الدين الرازي]] وبنى له مدرسة بهراة قرب الجامع، وحضر مناظرته مع الكرامية بفيروزكوه سنة 595هـ ([[event/firuzkuh-fitna-595|فتنة فيروزكوه]]). {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 262}\n\nتوفي في جمادى الأولى سنة 599هـ، وأُخفيت وفاته حتى وصل أخوه شهاب الدين إلى هراة فأظهرها في رجب. وخلفه ابنه محمود الذي لُقّب غياث الدين. والتحويل إلى التقويم الميلادي مشتق. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 282}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ghiyath-al-din-muhammad-ibn-sam",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Ghiyath al-Din Abu al-Fath Muhammad ibn Sam al-Ghuri, lord of Ghazna and part of Khurasan, and brother of [[person/shihab-al-din-ghuri|Shihab al-Din]]. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 262}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "His character",
     "markdown": "Ibn al-Athir describes him as victorious and aided, whose banner was never defeated, sparing in personal engagement in battle, and possessed of cunning and guile. He is said to have been generous, with many charities and endowments in Khurasan. He built mosques and colleges for the followers of al-Shafi'i and hostels along the roads, and abolished taxes. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 262}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Patronage of al-Razi",
     "markdown": "He honoured the jurist [[person/fakhr-al-din-al-razi|Fakhr al-Din al-Razi]], built him a college in Herat near the congregational mosque, and attended his debate with the Karramiyya at Firuzkuh in 595 AH ([[event/firuzkuh-fitna-595|the Firuzkuh strife]]). {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 262}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "He died in Jumada al-Ula 599 AH, and his death was concealed until his brother Shihab al-Din reached Herat, when it was made public in Rajab. He was succeeded by his son Mahmud, who was given the title Ghiyath al-Din. The conversion to the Gregorian calendar is derived. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 282}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ghiyath-al-din-muhammad-ibn-sam",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abu-al-mahasin-al-shawwa",
  "person/abyari-ali-ibn-ismail",
  "person/ahmad-al-badawi",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-yusuf-al-tifashi",
  "person/al-baydawi-abd-allah-ibn-umar",
  "person/al-irbili-ahmad-ibn-al-husayn",
  "person/al-jaghmini-mahmud-ibn-muhammad-ibn-umar",
  "person/al-khunaji-afdal-al-din-muhammad",
  "person/al-khuwayyi-abu-al-abbas-shams-al-din-ahmad",
  "person/al-talafari-abu-al-makarim-muhammad-ibn-yusuf",
  "person/al-thaqafi-al-jayyani-muhammad-ibn-al-hasan",
  "person/ibn-abi-al-isba-zaki-al-din"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/shihab-al-din-ghuri",
   "type": "sibling_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/firuzkuh-fitna-595",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/battle-tarain-588",
  "event/killing-of-shihab-al-din-ghuri-602",
  "person/fakhr-al-din-al-razi",
  "person/ibn-al-qadwa",
  "person/prithviraj-chauhan",
  "event/firuzkuh-fitna-595",
  "person/shihab-al-din-ghuri"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}