{
 "id": "person/halit-ziya-usakligil",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "halit-ziya-usakligil",
 "label": {
  "ar": "خالد ضياء أوشاقلي كيل",
  "en": "Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil",
  "ur": "خالد ضیاء عشاقلی گل"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "روائي وكاتب تركي، وُلد في إسطنبول سنة 1866 وتوفي فيها سنة 1945. أسس صحيفة «خدمت» في إزمير سنة 1886، وصار أبرز روائيي حركة «أدبيات جديده» ومجلة «ثروت فنون»، وأشهر أعماله رواية «عشق ممنوع» (1900) التي منعتها الرقابة العثمانية جزئيًا ثم تحولت إلى مسلسل عالمي الشهرة، وكتب «ماي وسياه» و«قيريق حياةلر».",
  "en": "Turkish novelist and writer, born at Istanbul in 1866 and died there in 1945. He founded the newspaper Hizmet at İzmir in 1886, became the leading novelist of the Edebiyat-ı Cedide (New Literature) movement and of the Servet-i Fünun journal, and is best known for the novel Aşk-ı Memnu (Forbidden Love, 1900), partly censored under Abdülhamid II and later adapted into an internationally successful television series; he also wrote Mai ve Siyah and Kırık Hayatlar.",
  "ur": "ترک ناول نگار اور مصنف، 1866ء میں استنبول میں پیدا ہوئے اور 1945ء میں وہیں وفات پائی۔ «ثروتِ فنون» تحریک کے سرکردہ ناول نگار تھے؛ ان کا شہرۂ آفاق ناول «عشقِ ممنوع» (1900ء) بعد میں عالمی شہرت یافتہ ٹیلی ویژن سلسلے میں ڈھلا۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "anatolia-balkans"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1866.0006023395415,
  "latest": 1945.2356311217573
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1866",
   "hijri": "1283",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at Istanbul in 1866: the English, Turkish and Arabic articles all give the year 1866 at year precision. Wikidata carries three birth values — 12 February 1865, 1 January 1867, and the year 1866 — so the year is recorded as debated with all three readings stated here; the record follows the articles' 1866, as does the harvest queue. The Hijri year 1283 is the tabular conversion of mid-1866 and is marked derived.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en",
    "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr",
    "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ar",
    "source/wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1945-03-27",
   "hijri": "1364",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at Istanbul on 27 March 1945: the English and Turkish articles and Wikidata agree. The Hijri year 1364 is the tabular conversion of 27 March 1945 (12 Rabi al-Thani 1364) and is marked derived.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en",
    "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr",
    "source/wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "خالد ضياء أوشاقلي كيل",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Uşakizâde",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Mehmet Halid",
    "kind": "pen"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "writer",
   "poet"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1866",
   "hijri": "1283",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at Istanbul in 1866: the English, Turkish and Arabic articles all give the year 1866 at year precision. Wikidata carries three birth values — 12 February 1865, 1 January 1867, and the year 1866 — so the year is recorded as debated with all three readings stated here; the record follows the articles' 1866, as does the harvest queue. The Hijri year 1283 is the tabular conversion of mid-1866 and is marked derived.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en",
    "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr",
    "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ar",
    "source/wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1945-03-27",
   "hijri": "1364",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at Istanbul on 27 March 1945: the English and Turkish articles and Wikidata agree. The Hijri year 1364 is the tabular conversion of 27 March 1945 (12 Rabi al-Thani 1364) and is marked derived.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en",
    "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr",
    "source/wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "What each source gives, stated exactly: no source names a school for Halit Ziya himself. None of the English, Turkish, Arabic or Urdu articles carries a religion field or discusses his personal religion, and Wikidata gives his religion (P140) only as the generic item Islam (Q432) — one structured-data value naming no school. Under the two-source rule and the doubt rule his school is therefore left unknown, with this reading preserved here.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en",
     "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr",
     "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ar",
     "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ur",
     "source/wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q1366693"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en",
   "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr",
   "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ur",
   "source/wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil' (revision 1365983322), Turkish Wikipedia 'Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil' (revision 37435693), Arabic Wikipedia 'خالد ضياء أوشاقلي كيل' (revision 76147330) and Urdu Wikipedia 'خالد ضیاء عشاقلی گل' (revision 11936696), read on 26 October 2026, with Wikidata item Q1366693. The harvest queue's years (1866–1945) follow the articles; Wikidata's additional birth values (1865, 1867) are stated in the born note and keep the year debated. His children named in Wikidata (Q28358434, Q6015413) have no museum person records, so no edges to them are written; a child_of edge would in any case be written in the child's record, not the father's. No record of this person existed in the museum under any spelling, fragment or QID before this build.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-29"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "خالد ضياء أوشاقلي كيل (1866م – 27 مارس 1945م) روائي وكاتب تركي، وُلد في إسطنبول وتوفي فيها. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr} تحمل ويكيبيانات ثلاث قيم لولادته (12 فبراير 1865م، و1 يناير 1867م، وسنة 1866م)؛ ويتّبع هذا السجل المقالات الثلاث المتفقة على سنة 1866م. {cite:wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil} كان أبرز روائيي حركة «أدبيات جديده» ومجلتها «ثروت فنون»، وأشهر أعماله «ماي وسياه» (1897م) و«عشق ممنوع» (1900م) و«قيريق حياةلر» (1923م). {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المسيرة",
     "markdown": "وُلد خالد ضياء في إسطنبول سنة 1866م لأسرة تجارية أصلها من أوشاك، وانتقلت أسرته إلى إزمير سنة 1879م بعد إفلاس تجارة أبيه، فتعلم هناك ودرس الفرنسية في مدرسة أرمنية كاثوليكية. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ar} نشر بعض كتاباته الأولى في «خزينه أوراق» باسم مستعار هو «محمد خالد»، وأسس في إزمير صحيفة «خدمت» سنة 1886م. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} كتب في «ثروت فنون» ابتداءً من 1896م مكانًا مركزيًا في أدب التجديد، وتعرضت روايته «قيريق حياةلر» لرقابة عبد الحميد الثاني سنة 1901م فلم تُنشر كاملة إلا سنة 1923م، وكان من النقاد الصرحاء لحكمه. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} عاش آخر عمره في سان ستيفانو (يشيل كوي) — وهو الذي اقترح اسمها الجديد سنة 1926م — وتوفي في إسطنبول في 27 مارس 1945م. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأعمال",
     "markdown": "من رواياته «نميدة» (1889م) و«بير أولونون دفتري» (1889م) و«فردي وشركاسي» (1894م) و«ماي وسياه» (1897م) و«عشق ممنوع» (1900م) و«قيريق حياةلر» (1923م). {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} تحولت «عشق ممنوع» في عصرنا إلى مسلسل تلفزيوني واسع الانتشار جعل اسم صاحبها معروفًا خارج تركيا. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المواقف والنقد",
     "markdown": "يُقرأ هذا القسم بوصفه عرضًا لمواقف منقولة عن المصادر، لا حكمًا من المتحف.\n\nتصفه المصادر بأنه ناقد صريح لحكم عبد الحميد الثاني، وأن أعماله لقيت رقابته؛ وهي مواقف سياسية وأدبية موثقة في سيرته. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} ولا يسمّي أي مصدر مذهبًا دينيًا له بنفسه: فالمقالات الأربع بلا حقل للديانة ولا تناقش ديانته الشخصية، وتقتصر ويكيبيانات على قيمة عامة هي «الإسلام»، ولذلك يظل مذهبه في هذا السجل غير مُسمّى. {cite:wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "- المقالة الإنجليزية والتركية والعربية والأردية في ويكيبيديا عن خالد ضياء أوشاقلي كيل، وعنصر ويكيبيانات Q1366693. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ar} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ur} {cite:wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/halit-ziya-usakligil",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil (1866 – 27 March 1945) was a Turkish novelist and writer, born at Istanbul and died there. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr} Wikidata carries three birth values for him (12 February 1865, 1 January 1867, and the year 1866); this entry follows the three articles, which agree on the year 1866. {cite:wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil} He was the leading novelist of the Edebiyat-ı Cedide (New Literature) movement and its journal Servet-i Fünun; his best-known works are Mai ve Siyah (1897), Aşk-ı Memnu (1900) and Kırık Hayatlar (1923). {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life and career",
     "markdown": "Halit Ziya was born at Istanbul in 1866 to a merchant family originally from Uşak; when his father's business failed, the family moved to İzmir in 1879, where he was educated and learned French at an Armenian Catholic school. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ar} He published early pieces in Hazine-i Evrak under the pen name Mehmet Halid and founded the newspaper Hizmet at İzmir in 1886. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} From 1896 he wrote for Servet-i Fünun at the centre of the renewal movement; his Kırık Hayatlar was censored under Abdülhamid II in 1901 and published in full only in 1923, and he was an outspoken critic of that reign. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} He spent his last years at San Stefano — whose new name, Yeşilköy, he himself proposed in 1926 — and died at Istanbul on 27 March 1945. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Works",
     "markdown": "His novels include Nemide (1889), Bir Ölünün Defteri (1889), Ferdi ve Şürekâsı (1894), Mai ve Siyah (1897), Aşk-ı Memnu (1900) and Kırık Hayatlar (1923). {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} Aşk-ı Memnu was adapted in our time into a widely exported television series that carried its author's name far beyond Turkey. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Positions and criticism",
     "markdown": "This section is read as a presentation of positions reported from the sources, not as a verdict of the museum.\n\nThe sources describe him as an outspoken critic of Abdülhamid II whose works met that sultan's censorship — documented political and literary positions. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} No source names a religious school for the man himself: none of the four articles carries a religion field or discusses his personal religion, and Wikidata gives only the generic value Islam, so his school is left unnamed in this entry. {cite:wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "- The English, Turkish, Arabic and Urdu Wikipedia articles on Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, and Wikidata item Q1366693. {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ar} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ur} {cite:wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/halit-ziya-usakligil",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "خالد ضیاء عشاقلی گل (پیدائش: استنبول، 1866ء – وفات: استنبول، 27 مارچ 1945ء) ترک ناول نگار اور مصنف تھے۔ {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ur} ویکی ڈیٹا ان کی پیدائش کی تین قیمتیں (1865ء، 1866ء، 1867ء) دیتا ہے؛ اس اندراج میں مضامین کی متفقہ قیمت 1866ء اختیار کی گئی ہے۔ {cite:wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil} وہ «ادبیاتِ جدیدہ» تحریک اور اس کے رسالے «ثروتِ فنون» کے سرکردہ ناول نگار تھے، اور ان کا ناول «عشقِ ممنوع» (1900ء) عالمی شہرت یافتہ ٹیلی ویژن سلسلے میں ڈھلا۔ {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "زندگی اور کارنامہ",
     "markdown": "وہ استنبول کے ایک تاجر خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے، 1879ء میں خاندان ازمیر منتقل ہوا، اور انہوں نے 1886ء میں وہاں اخبار «خدمت» جاری کیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} 1896ء سے «ثروتِ فنون» میں لکھنے لگے؛ ان کا ناول «قیریق حیاتلر» 1901ء میں عبد الحمید ثانی کی سنسرشپ کا شکار ہوا اور مکمل صورت میں 1923ء میں چھپا۔ {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} وفات 27 مارچ 1945ء کو استنبول میں ہوئی۔ {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "کام",
     "markdown": "ان کے ناولوں میں «مائی و سیاہ» (1897ء)، «عشقِ ممنوع» (1900ء) اور «قیریق حیاتلر» (1923ء) شامل ہیں، اور انہوں نے «محمد خالد» کے قلمی نام سے بھی لکھا۔ {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "- خالد ضیاء عشاقلی گل پر انگریزی، ترکی، عربی اور اردو ویکیپیڈیا کے مضامین، اور ویکی ڈیٹا آئٹم Q1366693۔ {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-tr} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ar} {cite:wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-ur} {cite:wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/halit-ziya-usakligil",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/alladiya-khan",
  "person/jamaat-ali-shah",
  "person/abdurreshid-ibrahim",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-maghribi",
  "person/ashraf-ali-thanwi",
  "person/fahreddin-pasha",
  "person/sanaullah-amritsari",
  "person/abdulmecid-ii",
  "person/togolok-moldo",
  "person/tahir-jalaluddin",
  "person/shakib-arslan",
  "person/labiba-ahmad"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-25",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/istanbul",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "He was born at Istanbul in 1866 (English, Turkish and Arabic articles; Wikidata place of birth Istanbul, Q406).",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en",
    "source/wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/istanbul",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "He died at Istanbul on 27 March 1945 (English and Turkish articles; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en",
    "source/wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "building/arap-cami-istanbul",
  "building/atik-ali-pasha-mosque",
  "building/eski-imaret-mosque",
  "building/eyup-sultan-mosque",
  "building/fenari-isa-mosque",
  "building/gul-mosque-istanbul",
  "building/hagia-sophia",
  "building/hirami-ahmed-pasha-mosque"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}