{
 "id": "person/hamza",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "hamza",
 "label": {
  "en": "Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib",
  "ar": "حمزة بن عبد المطلب"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "An uncle of the Prophet who became one of the fiercest early defenders of Islam; killed at Uhud and remembered in tradition as the Master of the Martyrs.",
  "ar": "عمّ النبي الذي صار من أشد المدافعين الأوائل عن الإسلام، قُتل في أُحد، ويُذكر في التقليد بسيد الشهداء."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "battles",
  "health-body-death"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 567.999958931395,
  "latest": 625.2468565404859
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0568~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Tradition makes him close in age to the Prophet; the year is approximate.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0625-03",
   "hijri": "0003-10",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Killed at Uhud in Shawwal 3 AH (about March 625 CE).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "kind": "full",
    "lang": "ar",
    "value": "حمزة بن عبد المطلب بن هاشم"
   },
   {
    "kind": "kunya",
    "lang": "ar-Latn",
    "value": "Abu Umara"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "0568~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Tradition makes him close in age to the Prophet; the year is approximate.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "0625-03",
   "hijri": "0003-10",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "Killed at Uhud in Shawwal 3 AH (about March 625 CE).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
    "source/watt-1956-medina"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "companion"
  ],
  "traditions": [
   "sunni",
   "shia-twelver"
  ],
  "story_roles": [
   {
    "role": "convert",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0616~"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "companion",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0616~"
    },
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0625-03"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "family-of-the-prophet",
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
    ]
   },
   {
    "role": "martyr",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0625-03"
    },
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "Remembered across Islamic tradition as Sayyid al-Shuhada, 'Master of the Martyrs'.",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "arabian-polytheism",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "end": {
     "edtf": "0616~"
    }
   },
   {
    "value": "sunni",
    "basis": "tradition",
    "start": {
     "edtf": "0616~"
    },
    "note": "Early Muslim; recorded under the museum's Sunni frame (docs/scope.md). He predates the Sunni-Shia division."
   }
  ],
  "labelled": [
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Master of the Martyrs",
     "ar": "سيد الشهداء"
    },
    "by": "Islamic tradition",
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
   "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
   "source/watt-1956-medina"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "حمزة بن عبد المطلب عمّ النبي ومن أشدّ فرسان قريش بأسًا. وقد شدّت بإسلامه أزر الجماعة الأولى، وجعله مقتلُه في أُحد سنة 625م عند المسلمين سيدَ الشهداء."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحياة",
     "markdown": "كان في مقاربة سن النبي {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}، صيّادًا من أقوياء مكة. وتحكي الرواية أنه أسلم نحو سنة 616م غضبًا لما لقي ابن أخيه من أذى، فكان إسلامه معلنًا فهاب المعارضون بعده الجماعة {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nهاجر إلى المدينة، وشهد [[event/battle-of-badr|بدرًا]] فبلى، وفي [[event/battle-of-uhud|أُحد]] في مارس سنة 625م قتله [[person/wahshi-ibn-harb|وحشي بن حرب]]، وهو عبد أُعتق على ذلك {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}. وبعد المعركة مُثّل بالقتلى، وكان جثمان حمزة مما ناله ذلك، وقد سجّلته المصادر بجفاف وبقي في الذاكرة {cite:watt-1956-medina}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر",
     "markdown": "اللقب الملازم له في ذاكرة المسلمين «سيد الشهداء»، عمٌّ حالت قوته بين ابن أخيه وبين من أرادوه بسوء."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "كان حمزة عمّ النبي وأقوى حامٍ له. فلما مات في المعركة بكت عليه الجماعة كلها."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hamza",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib was an uncle of the Prophet and one of the most feared warriors of Quraysh. His conversion strengthened the early community; his death at Uhud in 625 CE made him, in tradition, the Master of the Martyrs."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Life",
     "markdown": "Close in age to the Prophet {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}, Hamza was a hunter and one of Mecca's strong men. Tradition tells that he embraced Islam about 616 CE, in anger at the treatment of his nephew — his conversion openly announced, and the community's opponents thereafter more cautious {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}.\n\nHe migrated to Medina, fought with distinction at [[event/battle-of-badr]], and at [[event/battle-of-uhud]] in March 625 was killed by [[person/wahshi-ibn-harb]], a slave promised his freedom for the deed {cite:ibn-ishaq-guillaume}. After the battle the victors mutilated the dead, and Hamza's body was among those dishonored — a wound the sources record soberly and the tradition never forgot {cite:watt-1956-medina}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Legacy",
     "markdown": "The title attached to him in Islamic memory is *Sayyid al-Shuhada*, \"Master of the Martyrs\" — an uncle whose strength stood between his nephew and those who wished him harm."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Hamza was the Prophet's uncle and its strongest defender. When he died in battle, the whole community mourned him."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hamza",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "en",
    "translators": []
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 28,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-salam",
  "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
  "person/halima-al-sadiyya",
  "person/salman-al-farisi",
  "person/umm-ayman",
  "person/abu-lahab",
  "person/utba-ibn-rabia",
  "person/khosrow-ii",
  "person/muhammad",
  "person/suhayl-ibn-amr",
  "person/uqba-ibn-abi-muayt"
 ],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
   "type": "sibling_of",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-talib",
   "type": "sibling_of",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/uhud",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/uhud",
   "type": "buried_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abd-al-muttalib",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-hashim",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/early-muslims",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-badr",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-uhud",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "killed"
  },
  {
   "to": "person/wahshi-ibn-harb",
   "type": "fought_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0625"
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0625"
   },
   "note": "The sources record that he killed Hamza at Uhud.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/badr-duel",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "مبارز؛ قتل قرنه",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/islam-of-hamza",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "أسلم",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/islam-of-umar",
   "type": "participated_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "role": "تقدّم أحد الصفين",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "place/mecca",
  "person/muhammad",
  "group/quraysh",
  "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/musab-ibn-umayr",
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "event/battle-of-uhud",
  "group/banu-hashim"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}