{
 "id": "person/hassan-i-of-morocco",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "hassan-i-of-morocco",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الحسن الأول بن محمد",
  "en": "Hassan I of Morocco",
  "ur": "الحسن بن محمد"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "سلطان المغرب من الأسرة العلوية (حكم 1873–1894)؛ وُلد بفاس، وخلف أباه محمد الرابع، فحدّث الجيش والإدارة وقاد حملات سنوية لتوحيد البلاد، وحافظ على استقلال المغرب أمام الأطماع الأوروبية فانعقد في عهده مؤتمر مدريد 1880، وتوفي أثناء حملة بتادلة ودُفن بالرباط.",
  "en": "Sultan of Morocco of the Alawi dynasty (reigned 1873–1894). Born at Fez, he succeeded his father Muhammad IV, modernised the army and administration, campaigned yearly to hold the country together, and preserved Morocco's independence against European encroachment, the Madrid Conference of 1880 falling in his reign; he died on campaign in the Tadla region and was buried in Rabat.",
  "ur": "علوی سلسلے کے سلطانِ مراکش (دورِ حکومت 1873–1894)؛ فاس میں پیدا ہوئے، والد محمد چہارم کے جانشین بنے، فوج و انتظامیہ کو جدید خطوط پر استوار کیا، ملک کو متحد رکھنے کے لیے سالانہ مہمات چلائیں، یورپی تجاوزات کے مقابل مراکش کی آزادی برقرار رکھی؛ انہی کے دور میں 1880 کی میڈرڈ کانفرنس ہوئی، اور تادلہ کی مہم کے دوران وفات پا کر رباط میں دفن ہوئے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "maghreb"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1835.9986173569614,
  "latest": 1894.4392424210994
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1836",
   "hijri": "1252",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The Arabic, French and Urdu articles and Wikidata give 1836, at Fez. The English article gives '1836 or 1857', the 1857 figure resting on Britannica; the 1836 tradition, carried by four witnesses and the lane queue, is followed and the variant disclosed. The Hijri year is the tabular conversion of the Gregorian year.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-fr",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ur",
    "source/wikidata-hassan-i-of-morocco",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1894-06-09",
   "hijri": "1311",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died on campaign near Wadi al-Ubayd in the Tadla region. The English article gives 9 June 1894; the French article and Wikidata give 7 June 1894; the Arabic article, citing al-Nasiri's al-Istiqsa, dates his death to the night of 3 Dhu al-Hijja 1311 AH, which it equates to 6 June 1894. The English date is followed with both variants disclosed. He was buried at the Dar al-Makhzen in Rabat; Rabat has no place entity, so no buried_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-fr",
    "source/wikidata-hassan-i-of-morocco"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "أبو علي الحسن بن محمد",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn Muhammad",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Hassan I",
    "kind": "regnal"
   },
   {
    "value": "الحسن الأول",
    "kind": "regnal"
   },
   {
    "value": "مولاي الحسن",
    "kind": "laqab"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "sultan"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1836",
   "hijri": "1252",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The Arabic, French and Urdu articles and Wikidata give 1836, at Fez. The English article gives '1836 or 1857', the 1857 figure resting on Britannica; the 1836 tradition, carried by four witnesses and the lane queue, is followed and the variant disclosed. The Hijri year is the tabular conversion of the Gregorian year.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-fr",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ur",
    "source/wikidata-hassan-i-of-morocco",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1894-06-09",
   "hijri": "1311",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died on campaign near Wadi al-Ubayd in the Tadla region. The English article gives 9 June 1894; the French article and Wikidata give 7 June 1894; the Arabic article, citing al-Nasiri's al-Istiqsa, dates his death to the night of 3 Dhu al-Hijja 1311 AH, which it equates to 6 June 1894. The English date is followed with both variants disclosed. He was buried at the Dar al-Makhzen in Rabat; Rabat has no place entity, so no buried_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-fr",
    "source/wikidata-hassan-i-of-morocco"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "The English article's infobox gives his religion as Maliki (Sunni Islam) and the French article's infobox gives Sunni Islam; no article text names a school for him personally, and Wikidata carries no religion value at all. Two structured values of differing specificity with no text attestation do not meet the two-source rule; Morocco's Maliki rite and his royal style Amir al-Mu'minin are context and office, not personal attestation. Recorded unknown under the doubt rule.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en",
     "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-fr",
     "source/wikidata-hassan-i-of-morocco"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q496845"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en",
   "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-fr",
   "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ur",
   "source/wikidata-hassan-i-of-morocco"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English, Arabic, French and Urdu Wikipedia articles on Hassan I of Morocco, each fetched by its recorded revision id (EN 1375711629, AR 76964863, FR 240182676, UR 10231241) with the returned id asserted equal before use, and Wikidata item Q496845 (revision 2503113552). Existence checks by name fragments (Hassan, al-Hasan, الحسن) and by QID across data/person and data/source found no prior record for him. The lane queue gives 1836–1894; the sources contest both ends (birth 1836 or 1857; death 6, 7 or 9 June 1894) and the record follows the best-attested readings with all variants disclosed in the notes. His son Abd al-Hafid, built in this same run, carries the child_of edge to this record.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-59"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الحسن بن محمد بن عبد الرحمن العلوي (وُلد بفاس سنة 1836 – توفي سنة 1894) سلطان علوي للمغرب من عام 1873 حتى سنة 1894، خلف أباه محمد الرابع، وحاول أن يجعل الحكم مركزيًا وأن يبسط سلطة الدولة على كل القبائل، وحدّث الجيش وحافظ على استقلال بلاده أمام الأطماع الأوروبية المتزايدة.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar} وتصفه المقالة الإنجليزية بأنه آخر سلاطين المغرب الكبار قبل الاستعمار.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نشأته",
     "markdown": "وُلد الحسن بن محمد بفاس سنة 1836 كما تذكر المقالات العربية والفرنسية والأردية وويكي بيانات، بينما تعطي المقالة الإنجليزية «1836 أو 1857» وتأخذ رقم 1857 عن بريتانيكا.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar} وهو ابن السلطان محمد الرابع، وكان أحب أبنائه إليه، وتعلّم منذ صغره دقائق سياسة البلاط.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حكمه وإصلاحاته",
     "markdown": "بعدما تولى الحسن الأول الحكم خلفًا لأبيه محمد الرابع (1859–1873) حاول أن يجعل الحكم مركزيًا وأن يبسط سلطة الدولة على كل القبائل دون تمييز، وتمكّن من تحديث الجيش، لكن الإصلاحات الأخرى لم تتم للنهاية بسبب تمرد بعض القبائل وسياسة التقشف التي اتبعها كي لا يُغرق المغرب في الديون ويفتح الباب للتدخل الأجنبي.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar} وكان أول أعماله قمع ثورة أهلية بفاس سنة 1874 حاصرها أشهرًا.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} ووسّع الجيش المُصلَح إلى 25 ألف رجل و1000 قطعة مدفعية، وحصّن الدفاعات الساحلية، وبنى سنة 1888 مصنعًا للأسلحة بفاس هو دار الماكينة، وإن كان إنتاجه قليلًا ومكلفًا، وأرسل طلابًا للتدريب إلى لندن واستقدم سنة 1876 الضابط البريطاني هاري ماكلين.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}\n\nوقاد حملات لإثبات سلطته: إلى سوس في 1882 و1886 وإلى الريف في 1887 وإلى تافيلالت في 1893، وعيّن قوادًا محليين كالشيخ ماء العينين الذي بايعه قائدًا على الصحراء الغربية.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} وأشهر رحلاته رحلة سنة 1893 التي استغرقت ستة أشهر من فاس إلى مراكش مرورًا بتافيلالت ووادي دادس والأطلس الكبير، ونجحت في لمّ شمل قبائل مناطق عدة وتهدئتها.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "علاقاته بأوروبا",
     "markdown": "تمكّن الحسن من صد الأطماع المتزايدة للأوروبيين في بلاده، ففي مؤتمر مدريد 1880 تم الاعتراف بعدم تبعية المغرب لأية قوة أجنبية، بالمقابل حصلت 13 دولة أجنبية على امتيازات مفرطة.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar} وتذكر المقالة الإنجليزية أن المعاهدة، بدل أن تحد من التدخل الأجنبي، منحت الأجانب امتيازات كحق تملّك الأرض في البوادي، وأن المغرب حافظ على استقلاله بينما سقطت تونس بيد فرنسا سنة 1881 ومصر بيد بريطانيا سنة 1882.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} كما بسط سلطته على واحات الصحراء: فأرسل سنة 1886 حملة ضد المركز البريطاني بطرفاية، ونظّم في 1891–1893 إدارة واحات القرارا وتوات وتيديكلت تحت سلطته.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاته وخلافته",
     "markdown": "توفي الحسن الأول فجأة سنة 1894 خلال حملة تافيلالت لبسط سلطة الدولة على بعض القبائل الثائرة بجبال الأطلس.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar} وتحدد المقالة العربية وفاته «في الساعة الحادية عشرة من ليلة الخميس ثالث ذي الحجة الحرام سنة 1311هـ» ويوافقه 6 يونيو 1894، على مقربة من وادي العبيد من أرض تادلا، نقلاً عن «الاستقصا» للناصري، بينما تعطي المقالة الإنجليزية 9 يونيو وتعطي المقالة الفرنسية وويكي بيانات 7 يونيو.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-fr} وأخفى حاجبه ووزيره الأعظم أحمد بن موسى خبر الوفاة لأن الجيش كان ما يزال في أرض العدو، حتى نُقل الجثمان إلى الرباط ودُفن بها في قبة بجانب دار المخزن.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} وخلفه ابنه عبد العزيز وله من العمر ثلاثة عشر عامًا تحت وصاية أحمد بن موسى، ومن أبنائه أيضًا السلطانان اللاحقان عبد الحفيظ ويوسف.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "كيانات المصادر المعرّفة المذكورة أعلاه، والمحفوظة في `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hassan-i-of-morocco",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Mawlay Hassan bin Mohammed, known as Hassan I (1836 or 1857 – 1894), was sultan of Morocco from 16 September 1873 to 1894, a ruler of the Alawi dynasty.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} He increased the power of the makhzen, brought in military and administrative reforms, and at a time when the rest of Africa was falling under foreign control maintained Morocco's independence and carried out an active military and diplomatic programme on its periphery.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} He has been described as the last great sultan of Morocco before colonialism.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life",
     "markdown": "Hassan bin Mohammed was born in Fez, in 1836 according to the Arabic, French and Urdu articles and Wikidata, or 1857 according to the figure the English article takes from Britannica; he was a son of Sultan Muhammad IV, and his favourite son.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar} At an early age he was educated in the subtleties of court politics.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Reign",
     "markdown": "He was proclaimed sultan after the death of his father in 1873, and his first action was to crush an urban revolt in the capital Fez in 1874, which he had to besiege for a few months.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} He strove to maintain the cohesion of his kingdom through political, military and religious action in the face of European threats on its periphery and internal rebellions, and he initiated reforms.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} The Arabic article adds that he sought to centralise rule and extend the state's authority over all the tribes, and that his austerity policy was meant to keep Morocco out of the debt that had opened Tunisia and Egypt to European financial control.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar}\n\nHe led expeditions to assert his authority, to the Sous in 1882 and 1886, to the Rif in 1887 and to Tafilalt in 1893, and he ensured the loyalty of the great chiefs of the south, appointing local qaids such as Sheikh Ma al-Aynayn, who gave him the bay'a, in the Western Sahara.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} Particularly well known is the six-month journey of 1893 from Fez to Marrakesh through Tafilalt, the Dades valley and the High Atlas, which succeeded in reuniting and pacifying the tribes of several regions.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Relations with Europe",
     "markdown": "Hassan managed to maintain the independence of Morocco while neighbouring states fell under European influence, Tunisia being conquered by France in 1881 and Egypt occupied by Britain in 1882.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} Aware of the rivalry between Britain, France and Spain over Morocco, he called for an international conference, and the Treaty of Madrid was signed on 3 July 1880; instead of reducing foreign interference it granted foreigners concessions such as the right to own land in the countryside.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} The Arabic article notes that the conference recognised Morocco's non-dependence on any foreign power, while thirteen foreign states obtained excessive privileges, and that France and Britain still failed to impose a protectorate because of the opposition of the other European powers.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar}\n\nHe also asserted Moroccan claims in the Sahara: in 1886 he sent a military expedition against the British post at Tarfaya, and in 1891–1893 the administration of the Gourara, Touat and Tidikelt oases was organised under his authority.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Military reform",
     "markdown": "He continued and expanded the military reforms begun by his father, enlarging the reformed army to 25,000 men and 1,000 artillery pieces, strengthening the coastal defences, and in 1888 building an arms factory in Fez, the Dar al-Makina, though its production was small and costly.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} To train the army he sent students to London, and in 1876 he hired Harry MacLean, a British officer based in Gibraltar, who designed a military uniform in Arab style.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} Every year from spring to fall he was on campaign, leading expeditions to all parts of the kingdom.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death and succession",
     "markdown": "He died of illness in the Tadla region in June 1894 — the English article gives 9 June, the French article and Wikidata 7 June, and the Arabic article, citing al-Nasiri's al-Istiqsa, dates his death to the night of 3 Dhu al-Hijja 1311 AH, equated to 6 June, near Wadi al-Ubayd.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-fr} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar} Because the army was still in enemy territory, his chamberlain and grand vizier Ahmad bin Musa kept the death secret until the body was brought to Rabat and buried there, in a qubba next to the Dar al-Makhzen.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} He was succeeded by his son Abd al-Aziz, thirteen years old at the time, under the regency of Ahmad bin Musa; among his other sons were the future sultans Abd al-Hafid and Yusef.{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hassan-i-of-morocco",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "الحسن بن محمد، جو الحسن اول کے نام سے جانے جاتے ہیں، 1836 میں فاس میں پیدا ہوئے اور 1873 سے 1894 تک علوی سلسلے کے حکمران کی حیثیت سے مراکش کے سلطان رہے۔ انہوں نے فوج و انتظامیہ کی اصلاح کی، ملک کو متحد رکھنے کے لیے سالانہ مہمات چلائیں اور یورپی تجاوزات کے مقابل مراکش کی آزادی برقرار رکھی۔{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ur} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "دورِ حکومت",
     "markdown": "وہ 1873 میں والد محمد چہارم کی وفات پر سلطان قرار پائے اور پہلا کام فاس کی بغاوت (1874) کو کچلنا تھا۔ عربی مقالے کے مطابق انہوں نے حکم کو مرکزی بنانے اور تمام قبائل پر ریاست کا اختیار پھیلانے کی کوشش کی، اور قرض سے بچنے کی کفایت شعاری اختیار کی تاکہ غیر ملکی مداخلت کا دروازہ نہ کھلے۔{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en} انہوں نے اصلاح یافتہ فوج کو 25 ہزار سپاہیوں اور ایک ہزار توپوں تک بڑھایا، 1888 میں فاس میں اسلحہ خانہ (دار الماکینہ) بنایا، اور سوس (1882 و 1886)، ریف (1887) اور تافلالت (1893) کی مہمات کی قیادت کی۔{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "یورپ سے تعلقات",
     "markdown": "انہی کے دور میں 3 جولائی 1880 کو میڈرڈ معاہدہ ہوا؛ کانفرنس نے مراکش کی غیر وابستگی کو تسلیم کیا مگر تیرہ غیر ملکی ریاستوں کو وسیع مراعات بھی ملیں، اور فرانس و برطانیہ کوشش کے باوجود زیرِ حمایت نظام مسلط نہ کر سکے۔{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات",
     "markdown": "اردو مقالہ ان کی وفات تادلہ میں 9 جون 1894 دیتا ہے؛ عربی مقالہ «الاستقصا» کے حوالے سے وفات کو 3 ذو الحجہ 1311ھ کی رات، یعنی 6 جون 1894، وادی العبید کے قریب درج کرتا ہے، جبکہ فرانسیسی مقالہ اور ویکی ڈیٹا 7 جون دیتے ہیں۔ ان کا جسد رباط لے جا کر دار المخزن کے پاس دفن کیا گیا، اور ان کے جانشین ان کے صاحبزادے عبد العزیز بنے۔{cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ur} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "اوپر مذکور معرّف ماخذ اکائیاں، جو `data/source/` میں محفوظ ہیں۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hassan-i-of-morocco",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abu-bakar-of-johor",
  "person/ahmad-al-nasiri",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-khalid-al-nasiri",
  "person/ahmed-cevdet-pasha",
  "person/almamy-suluku",
  "person/alpha-yaya-diallo",
  "person/amir-meenai",
  "person/cheikh-bouamama",
  "person/dagh-dehlvi",
  "person/deli-fuad-pasha",
  "person/faizunnesa-choudhurani",
  "person/gasan-alkadari"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abd-al-hafid-of-morocco",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-abd-al-hafid-of-morocco-fr"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/fez",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/tadla",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-i-of-morocco-ar"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/abd-al-hafid-of-morocco",
  "place/fez",
  "building/qarawiyyin",
  "event/ibn-battuta-returns-to-fez-1349",
  "event/mali-giraffe-embassy-762",
  "event/marinid-dual-state-776",
  "person/abu-hasun-al-wattasi",
  "person/ibn-bajja"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}