{
 "id": "person/hassanein-makhlouf",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "hassanein-makhlouf",
 "label": {
  "ar": "حسنين محمد مخلوف",
  "en": "Hassanein Muhammad Makhlouf",
  "ur": "حسنین محمد مخلوف"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "عالم أزهري مصري (1890–1990)؛ وُلد في القاهرة في أسرة من بني عدي بصعيد مصر، وتخرج في مدرسة القضاء الشرعي سنة 1914، وعمل قاضيًا شرعيًا، وتولى منصب مفتي الديار المصرية مرتين (1946–1950 و1952–1954)، ورأس لجنة الفتوى بالأزهر، ومن مؤلفاته «كلمات القرآن تفسير وبيان» و«صفوة البيان لمعاني القرآن».",
  "en": "Egyptian Azhari scholar (1890–1990). Born in Cairo to a family from Bani Adi in Upper Egypt, he graduated from the School of Sharia Judiciary in 1914, served as a sharia judge, held the office of Grand Mufti of Egypt twice (1946–1950 and 1952–1954), headed al-Azhar's fatwa committee, and wrote Kalimat al-Qur'an Tafsir wa-Bayan and Safwat al-Bayan li-Ma'ani al-Qur'an.",
  "ur": "مصری ازہری عالم (1890–1990)؛ قاہرہ میں پیدا ہوئے، ان کا خاندان صعید مصر کے بنی عدی سے تھا، 1914 میں مدرسہ قضائے شرعی سے فارغ ہوئے، شرعی قاضی رہے، دو بار مفتیِ دیارِ مصر بنے (1946–1950 اور 1952–1954)، الازہر کی لجنۃ الفتویٰ کی صدارت کی، اور ان کی تصانیف میں «کلمات القرآن تفسیر و بیان» اور «صفوۃ البیان لمعانی القرآن» شامل ہیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "egypt-nile"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1890.3433335386765,
  "latest": 1990.2878909217532
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1890-05-06",
   "hijri": "1307",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at Bab al-Futuh, Cairo, on 16 Ramadan 1307 AH / 6 May 1890; his family came from Bani Adi (Manfalut, Asyut) in Upper Egypt. The Hijri date is given by the Arabic article itself; the year conversion is derived.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar",
    "source/wikidata-hassanein-makhlouf"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1990-04-15",
   "hijri": "1410",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died on 19 Ramadan 1410 AH / 15 April 1990. The Hijri date is given by the Arabic article itself; the year conversion is derived.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar",
    "source/wikidata-hassanein-makhlouf"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "حسنين محمد مخلوف",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Hassanein Muhammad Makhlouf",
    "kind": "full"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "scholar",
   "jurist"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1890-05-06",
   "hijri": "1307",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born at Bab al-Futuh, Cairo, on 16 Ramadan 1307 AH / 6 May 1890; his family came from Bani Adi (Manfalut, Asyut) in Upper Egypt. The Hijri date is given by the Arabic article itself; the year conversion is derived.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar",
    "source/wikidata-hassanein-makhlouf"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1990-04-15",
   "hijri": "1410",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died on 19 Ramadan 1410 AH / 15 April 1990. The Hijri date is given by the Arabic article itself; the year conversion is derived.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar",
    "source/wikidata-hassanein-makhlouf"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No consulted source names a legal school for him personally. The Arabic article gives his Azhar education, his sharia judgeship and his two terms as Grand Mufti of Egypt — offices that do not attest a school; its only Maliki passage describes the townsman Ali al-Sa'idi al-Adawi, not Makhlouf. The Urdu article's infobox religion field is blank, and Wikidata's single religion value is 'Islam' with no school. His teacher Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i's school is likewise not transferable.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar",
     "source/wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ur",
     "source/wikidata-hassanein-makhlouf"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q12208062"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ur",
   "source/wikidata-hassanein-makhlouf"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "Arabic Wikipedia (revision 76918643) and Urdu Wikipedia (revision 9661604), each fetched by revision id and asserted, and Wikidata item Q12208062 verified by biography (former Grand Mufti of Egypt, 1890–1990); existence checks by name fragments, by QID sweep and by biography found no earlier record",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-56"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "حسنين محمد مخلوف (1890–1990) عالم أزهري مصري، تولى منصب مفتي الديار المصرية مرتين، ورأس لجنة الفتوى بالأزهر، واشتهر بمؤلَّفين في بيان معاني القرآن هما «كلمات القرآن تفسير وبيان» و«صفوة البيان لمعاني القرآن».{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "النشأة والتعليم",
     "markdown": "وُلد في حي باب الفتوح بالقاهرة في 16 رمضان 1307هـ / 6 مايو 1890، وأسرته من بلدة بني عدي بصعيد مصر قرب منفلوط بمحافظة أسيوط.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} حفظ القرآن وهو في العاشرة على يد الشيخ محمد علي خلف الحسيني، شيخ المقارئ المصرية.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} التحق بالأزهر في الحادية عشرة من عمره، وتلقى العلم عن كبار شيوخه، ومنهم والده الشيخ محمد حسنين مخلوف، ومحمد بخيت المطيعي، ويوسف الدجوي، وعبد الله دراز.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} دخل مدرسة القضاء الشرعي وتخرج فيها حائزًا عالمية المدرسة سنة 1914.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المسيرة",
     "markdown": "أخذ يلقي دروسه في الأزهر متبرعًا بعد تخرجه، ثم عُين قاضيًا بالمحاكم الشرعية سنة 1916، وانتُدب للتدريس في قسم التخصص بمدرسة القضاء الشرعي، ثم صار نائبًا للمحكمة العليا الشرعية، وعضوًا بجماعة كبار العلماء بالأزهر سنة 1948.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} تولى إنشاء المكتبة الأزهرية وجمع لها الكتب المبعثرة في المساجد وصنّفها وفهرسها، وكان أول مفتش للعلوم بالأزهر والمعاهد الدينية، وأصغر الأعضاء في المجلس الأعلى للأزهر، واختير وكيلًا للجامع الأزهر.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الإفتاء",
     "markdown": "عمل مفتيًا للديار المصرية من 5 يناير 1946 حتى 7 مايو 1950، ثم أعيد إلى المنصب مرة ثانية من مارس 1952 حتى ديسمبر 1954.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} بعد خروجه من منصب الإفتاء عمل رئيسًا للجنة الفتوى بالأزهر مدة طويلة.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} جُمعت فتاواه التي أصدرها في أثناء توليه الإفتاء وما نُشر له في الصحف في مجلدين كبيرين.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المؤلفات",
     "markdown": "من مؤلفاته «كلمات القرآن تفسير وبيان»، وهو بيان لمعاني كلمات القرآن، و«صفوة البيان لمعاني القرآن» وهو أوسع منه.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} وله أيضًا «أسماء الله الحسنى والآيات القرآنية الواردة فيها»، و«آداب تلاوة القرآن وسماعه»، و«المواريث في الشريعة الإسلامية»، و«شرح البيقونية في مصطلح الحديث»، ورسالة «حكم الشريعة في مأتم ليلة الأربعين» في بيان أن إقامة مأتم الأربعين للميت بدعة لا أصل لها.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الوفاة",
     "markdown": "توفي في 19 رمضان 1410هـ / 15 أبريل 1990.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}{cite:wikidata-hassanein-makhlouf}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "- ويكيبيديا العربية، «حسنين محمد مخلوف».{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}\n- ويكيبيديا الأردية، «حسنین محمد مخلوف».{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ur}\n- ويكيداتا، Q12208062.{cite:wikidata-hassanein-makhlouf}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hassanein-makhlouf",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Hassanein Muhammad Makhlouf (1890–1990) was an Egyptian Azhari scholar who twice held the office of Grand Mufti of Egypt, headed al-Azhar's fatwa committee, and became known for two works explaining the meanings of the Qur'an, Kalimat al-Qur'an Tafsir wa-Bayan and Safwat al-Bayan li-Ma'ani al-Qur'an.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life and education",
     "markdown": "He was born in the Bab al-Futuh quarter of Cairo on 16 Ramadan 1307 AH / 6 May 1890; his family came from the town of Bani Adi in Upper Egypt, near Manfalut in Asyut province.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} He completed memorisation of the Qur'an at the age of ten under Shaykh Muhammad Ali Khalaf al-Husayni, the head of Egypt's Qur'an reciters.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} He entered al-Azhar at eleven and studied under its senior scholars, among them his father Shaykh Muhammad Hassanein Makhlouf, Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i, Yusuf al-Dijwi and Abdullah Draz.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} He then entered the School of Sharia Judiciary and graduated with its 'alimiyya degree in 1914.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Career",
     "markdown": "After graduating he taught at al-Azhar as a volunteer, was appointed a judge in the sharia courts in 1916, was seconded to teach in the specialisation section of the School of Sharia Judiciary, and became deputy of the Supreme Sharia Court and, in 1948, a member of al-Azhar's body of senior scholars.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} He founded the Azhar library, gathering for it the books scattered through the mosques and cataloguing them, and was the first inspector of sciences for al-Azhar and the religious institutes, the youngest member of al-Azhar's Supreme Council, and deputy of al-Azhar.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Grand Mufti",
     "markdown": "He served as Grand Mufti of Egypt from 5 January 1946 to 7 May 1950, and was appointed to the office a second time from March 1952 to December 1954.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} After leaving the office he headed al-Azhar's fatwa committee for a long period.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} The fatwas he issued in office and published in the press were collected in two large volumes.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Works",
     "markdown": "His works include Kalimat al-Qur'an Tafsir wa-Bayan, an explanation of the meanings of Qur'anic words, and the larger Safwat al-Bayan li-Ma'ani al-Qur'an.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} He also wrote on the names of God, on the etiquette of reciting and hearing the Qur'an, on inheritance in Islamic law, a commentary on the Bayquniyya poem on hadith terminology, and a treatise arguing that the fortieth-day mourning gathering for the dead is an innovation without basis.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "He died on 19 Ramadan 1410 AH / 15 April 1990.{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}{cite:wikidata-hassanein-makhlouf}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "- Arabic Wikipedia, \"Hassanein Muhammad Makhlouf\".{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}\n- Urdu Wikipedia, \"Hassanein Muhammad Makhlouf\".{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ur}\n- Wikidata, Q12208062.{cite:wikidata-hassanein-makhlouf}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hassanein-makhlouf",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "حسنین محمد مخلوف (1890–1990) مصری ازہری عالم تھے؛ دو بار مفتیِ دیارِ مصر بنے، الازہر کی لجنۃ الفتویٰ کی صدارت کی، اور قرآن کے معانی کی وضاحت پر اپنی دو کتابوں «کلمات القرآن تفسیر و بیان» اور «صفوۃ البیان لمعانی القرآن» کے لیے مشہور ہوئے۔{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی اور تعلیم",
     "markdown": "وہ 16 رمضان 1307ھ / 6 مئی 1890ء کو قاہرہ کے باب الفتوح محلے میں پیدا ہوئے؛ ان کا خاندان صعید مصر کے بنی عدی سے تھا۔{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} دس سال کی عمر میں شیخ محمد علی خلف حسینی کے پاس قرآن مکمل کیا۔{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} گیارہ سال کی عمر میں الازہر میں داخل ہوئے اور اپنے والد شیخ محمد حسنین مخلوف، محمد بخیت مطیعی اور یوسف الدجوی سمیت بڑے علما سے تعلیم حاصل کی۔{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ur} 1914 میں مدرسہ قضائے شرعی سے فارغ ہوئے۔{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "خدمات",
     "markdown": "1916 میں شرعی عدالتوں کے قاضی مقرر ہوئے، پھر سپریم شرعی عدالت کے نائب اور 1948 میں الازہر کے کبار علما کی جماعت کے رکن بنے۔{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar} وہ 5 جنوری 1946 سے 7 مئی 1950 تک، اور دوبارہ مارچ 1952 سے دسمبر 1954 تک مفتیِ دیارِ مصر رہے۔{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات",
     "markdown": "ان کا انتقال 19 رمضان 1410ھ / 15 اپریل 1990ء کو ہوا۔{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}{cite:wikidata-hassanein-makhlouf}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "- عربی ویکیپیڈیا، «حسنین محمد مخلوف»۔{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar}\n- اردو ویکیپیڈیا، «حسنین محمد مخلوف»۔{cite:wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ur}\n- ویکی ڈیٹا، Q12208062۔{cite:wikidata-hassanein-makhlouf}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hassanein-makhlouf",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/uzair-gul-peshawari",
  "person/khan-abdul-ghaffar-khan",
  "person/mohammad-ali-araki",
  "person/idris-senussi",
  "person/abdullah-musawi-shirazi",
  "person/muhammad-zafrullah-khan",
  "person/hamid-aytac",
  "person/hashim-larijani",
  "person/sultan-al-atrash",
  "person/said-al-mufti",
  "person/tawfiq-al-hakim",
  "person/mohamed-salah-ben-mrad"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/cairo",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/cairo",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad-bakhit-mutii",
   "type": "student_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-hassanein-makhlouf-ur"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "building/al-azhar",
  "building/dar-al-hikma-cairo",
  "event/baybars-sultan-accession-658",
  "event/capture-of-cairo-1517",
  "event/death-of-shirkuh-564",
  "event/egypt-earthquake-608",
  "event/egypt-famine-plague-695",
  "event/four-qadis-egypt-663"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}