{
 "id": "person/hussain-muhammad-ershad",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "hussain-muhammad-ershad",
 "label": {
  "ar": "حسين محمد إرشاد",
  "en": "Hussain Muhammad Ershad",
  "ur": "حسین محمد ارشاد"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "ضابط وسياسي بنغلاديشي (1 فبراير 1930 – 14 يوليو 2019)، استولى على السلطة في انقلاب غير دموي سنة 1982 وتولى رئاسة بنغلاديش من 1983 إلى 1990، وفي عهده جعل تعديل دستوري سنة 1988 الإسلامَ دينَ الدولة. أسس حزب جاتيا وظل رئيسه حتى وفاته، وانتُخب نائبًا عن رانجبور-3 في كل انتخابات عامة من 1991 إلى 2018، حتى أطاحت به انتفاضة شعبية سنة 1990 من الرئاسة وبقي شخصية مركزية في سياسة بنغلاديش ثلاثة عقود أخرى.",
  "en": "Bangladeshi military officer and politician (1 February 1930 – 14 July 2019) who seized power in a bloodless coup in 1982 and served as president of Bangladesh from 1983 to 1990; under his government a 1988 constitutional amendment made Islam the state religion. He founded the Jatiya Party and chaired it until his death, and was elected to parliament for Rangpur-3 at every general election from 1991 to 2018, remaining a central figure in Bangladeshi politics for three decades after a mass uprising forced his resignation in 1990.",
  "ur": "بنگلہ دیشی فوجی افسر اور سیاست دان (1 فروری 1930ء – 14 جولائی 2019ء)، جنھوں نے 1982ء میں غیر خونی بغاوت کے ذریعے اقتدار سنبھالا اور 1983ء سے 1990ء تک بنگلہ دیش کے صدر رہے؛ انھی کے دور میں 1988ء کی آئینی ترمیم نے اسلام کو ریاستی مذہب قرار دیا۔ انھوں نے جاتیہ پارٹی قائم کی اور وفات تک اس کے سربراہ رہے، اور 1991ء سے 2018ء تک ہر عام انتخاب میں رنگ پور-3 سے رکن پارلیمنٹ منتخب ہوئے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1930.0840537451145,
  "latest": 2019.5342135704043
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1930-02-01",
   "hijri": "1348",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born on 1 February 1930 at Dinhata in Cooch Behar princely state, British India; the English and Arabic articles agree. No born_in relation is written: Dinhata has no museum place entity. The Hijri year (1348) is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "2019-07-14",
   "hijri": "1440",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died on 14 July 2019 at the Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka; the Arabic article names myelodysplastic syndrome as the cause, and a state funeral followed two days later. The Hijri year (1440) is derived by tabular conversion. No buried_in relation is written: the sources read do not agree on the burial place (press reports cited in the English article describe his body being taken to Rangpur, while Wikidata-derived category data lists Banani Graveyard, Dhaka), and no museum place entity exists for Rangpur.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Hussain Muhammad Ershad",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "হুসেইন মুহাম্মদ এরশাদ",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "حسين محمد إرشاد",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "حسین محمد ارشاد",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Hossain Mohammad Ershad",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "H. M. Ershad",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "politician",
   "general"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1930-02-01",
   "hijri": "1348",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born on 1 February 1930 at Dinhata in Cooch Behar princely state, British India; the English and Arabic articles agree. No born_in relation is written: Dinhata has no museum place entity. The Hijri year (1348) is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "2019-07-14",
   "hijri": "1440",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died on 14 July 2019 at the Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka; the Arabic article names myelodysplastic syndrome as the cause, and a state funeral followed two days later. The Hijri year (1440) is derived by tabular conversion. No buried_in relation is written: the sources read do not agree on the burial place (press reports cited in the English article describe his body being taken to Rangpur, while Wikidata-derived category data lists Banani Graveyard, Dhaka), and no museum place entity exists for Rangpur.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "Recorded unknown, flagged — the reading rests on one text attestation of devotion, one generic structured family and family background, with no second independent source naming a school. The English article's 'Religious views' section states, citing Sufia M. Uddin's 2006 scholarly study (pp. 138–139), that Ershad 'was a devotee of the Sufi Pir Atroshi and spent considerable time with him during his presidency' — one text attestation of personal Sufi devotion, which the two-source rule does not allow to settle the value on its own; the 'Bangladeshi Sufis' category filing carried in Wikidata-derived listings derives from this same claim and is a filing, not a second source. The Arabic article's infobox gives his religion as Islam, generically — a structured value naming no school, of the same family as the other editions' structured data — and the English article's remaining religion content is his birth 'into a Bengali Muslim family of Nashya Shaikh origin' (family background, which never counts) and the 1988 constitutional amendment making Islam the state religion, which is his state policy as head of government and is excluded by the headship line. No second independent text names Sufism, or any school, as his affiliation, so under the doubt rule the value stays unknown, with the Uddin attestation preserved here in full for a founder ruling.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en",
     "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en",
   "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "Built 27 October 2026 for wave 113 §A of the century-additions queue (queue line 614, 'Hussain Muhammad Ershad — 1930–2019', verified against the queue copy on origin/main) from the English Wikipedia article read in full and the Arabic article read in its infobox and lead on 27 October 2026. IDENTITY: pinned by biography to the president of Bangladesh 1983–1990, born at Dinhata on 1 February 1930 and deceased at Dhaka on 14 July 2019; he is not any other bearer of the name. EXISTENCE: checked three ways before building — name-fragment greps (ershad, irshad) across all of data/person/ hit only mentions in other records and no person file; his Wikidata QID Q461816, grounded through the authority file of his Wikimedia Commons category, was grepped across all data/person/ files with no match; and the biography matches no existing record. ENVIRONMENT LIMITATION: the reading route exposes no revision identifiers, so the sources are recorded on the consultation-date precedent (issued 27 October 2026), no Wikidata source file is created and no external_ids are recorded, although the QID was grounded for the existence check; no revision identifier was invented. RELATIONS: died_in Dhaka is written because place/dhaka exists and both articles place his death there; no born_in is written (Dinhata has no entity), no buried_in (the sources read disagree on the burial place and Rangpur has no entity), and no member_of (the Jatiya Party has no museum group entity) — the places and party are stated in the notes and prose. No succession edge is written: the presidential sequence is an office sequence, not personal succession, and the brief for this wave refuses office successions between these men. His faith is recorded unknown, flagged, on the configuration set out in the faith note.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-113"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ملخص",
     "markdown": "حسين محمد إرشاد (1 فبراير 1930 – 14 يوليو 2019) ضابط وسياسي بنغلاديشي، تولى رئاسة بنغلاديش من 1983 إلى 1990 بعد أن استولى على السلطة في انقلاب غير دموي سنة 1982. أسس حزب جاتيا سنة 1986 وظل رئيسه حتى وفاته، وبعد أن أطاحت به انتفاضة شعبية من الرئاسة في ديسمبر 1990 عاد إلى البرلمان ففاز بمقعده عن رانجبور-3 في كل انتخابات عامة من 1991 إلى 2018. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "النشأة والتعليم",
     "markdown": "وُلد إرشاد في دينهاتة بولاية كوتش بيهار الأميرية في الهند البريطانية، لأبٍ هو مقبول حسين، محامٍ عمل وزيرًا لدى مهاراجا كوتش بيهار، وأمٍّ هي مزيدة خاتون، في أسرة بنغالية مسلمة من أصل «ناشيا شيخ». هاجرت أسرته إلى البنغال الشرقية سنة 1948 بعد التقسيم. درس في كلية كارمايكل في رانجبور وتخرج في جامعة دكا سنة 1950، ثم التحق ضابطًا بالجيش الباكستاني سنة 1952 وأتم دورات متقدمة في كلية القيادة والأركان في كويتا سنة 1966. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الصعود العسكري",
     "markdown": "اعتُقل إرشاد في باكستان الغربية أثناء حرب التحرير سنة 1971 مع غيره من الضباط البنغاليين، وأُعيد إلى بنغلاديش سنة 1973 فعُيّن مساعدًا عامًّا للجيش. رقّاه الرئيس ضياء الرحمن نائبًا لرئيس أركان الجيش سنة 1975 ثم رئيسًا للأركان برتبة فريق سنة 1978، فصار أقرب مستشاريه العسكريين والسياسيين. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الانقلاب والرئاسة",
     "markdown": "بقي إرشاد مواليًا لحكومة عبد الستار المنتخبة بعد اغتيال ضياء الرحمن، ثم انقلب عليها في 24 مارس 1982 فحكم مسؤولًا أول عن الأحكام العرفية، وتولى الرئاسة بنفسه في 11 ديسمبر 1983. أقرت حكومته قانون إصلاح الأراضي سنة 1984 ووعدت بتصفية الصناعات المؤممة وأدخلت نظام الأوبازيلا في الإدارة الريفية. وفي يونيو 1988 أقر برلمانه التعديل الدستوري الذي جعل الإسلام دين الدولة في بنغلاديش متخليًا عن علمانية الدستور الأصلي — وهو قرار سياسة دولة يدوّنه المتحف بوصفه كذلك. وكان له دور أساسي في قمة تأسيس «سارك» في دكا سنة 1985. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}\n\nأمام مظاهرات حاشدة حشدتها رابطة عوامي بقيادة شيخة حسينة والحزب الوطني بقيادة خالدة ضيا، استقال إرشاد في 6 ديسمبر 1990 وخلفه رئيس القضاة شهاب الدين أحمد رئيسًا بالوكالة. وفي 2011 أعلنت المحكمة العليا أن الحكم العسكري لإرشاد كان غير قانوني، مع إبقاء أعماله نافذة حتى يفصل البرلمان في مصيرها. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المسيرة اللاحقة",
     "markdown": "خاض حزب جاتيا انتخابات العهد الديمقراطي متحالفًا أحيانًا مع رابطة عوامي، وفاز إرشاد بمقاعد برلمانية في 1991 و1996 و2008، وفي الأخيرة فاز بثلاث دوائر دفعة واحدة. وبعد انتخابات 2014 صار حزب جاتيا حزب المعارضة الرسمي مع مشاركته في الحكومة في الوقت نفسه، وعمل إرشاد مبعوثًا خاصًّا لرئيسة الوزراء من 2014 إلى 2018 وزعيمًا للمعارضة سنة 2019. وواجه على مدى هذه العقود سلسلة طويلة من قضايا الفساد بنتائج متفاوتة. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "آراؤه الدينية كما ترويها المصادر",
     "markdown": "تذكر المقالة الإنجليزية في قسم قصير عنوانه «الآراء الدينية» واقعة شخصية واحدة: أن إرشاد كان مريدًا للبير الصوفي أتروشي وقضى معه وقتًا طويلًا أثناء رئاسته، مستندة إلى دراسة أكاديمية لسوفيا الدين عن الدين والسياسة في بنغلاديش (2006). يدوّن المتحف ذلك شهادة نصية واحدة على تعلّق شخصي، ويعطي صندوق معلومات المقالة العربية ديانته «الإسلام» دون مذهب، ولا يوجد مصدر مستقل ثانٍ يسمي انتماءً له، لذلك تُدوَّن عقيدته في البيانات «غير معروفة» مع حفظ الشهادات في ملحوظة العقيدة. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en} {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاته",
     "markdown": "أُدخل إرشاد المستشفى العسكري المشترك في دكا في 26 يونيو 2019 وتوفي فيه في 14 يوليو 2019، وتسمي المقالة العربية متلازمة خلل التنسج النخاعي سببًا للوفاة. وأقيمت له جنازة رسمية بعد وفاته بيومين. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en} {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المصادر",
     "markdown": "- كيانات المصادر المعرّفة المذكورة أعلاه، والمدوّنة في `data/source/`.\n- يجب أن تُؤرَّخ مراجعات هذه المقالة، وأن تسمّي المصدر الذي غيّر كل واقعة."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hussain-muhammad-ershad",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Hussain Muhammad Ershad (1 February 1930 – 14 July 2019) was a Bangladeshi military officer and politician who served as president of Bangladesh from 1983 to 1990. He seized power in a bloodless coup on 24 March 1982, founded the Jatiya Party in 1986, and after a mass uprising forced his resignation in December 1990 he returned to parliament, winning his Rangpur-3 seat at every general election from 1991 until his death. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en} {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life and military career",
     "markdown": "Ershad was born at Dinhata in the Cooch Behar princely state, British India, to Mokbul Hossain, a lawyer who had served as a minister of the Maharaja of Cooch Behar, and Mazida Khatun, in a Bengali Muslim family of Nashya Shaikh origin; his parents migrated to East Bengal in 1948 after Partition. He studied at Carmichael College, Rangpur, and graduated from the University of Dhaka in 1950, was commissioned into the Pakistan Army in 1952, and completed advanced courses at the Command and Staff College, Quetta, in 1966. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}\n\nInterned in West Pakistan during the Liberation War of 1971, he was repatriated in 1973 and appointed adjutant general of the Bangladesh Army. President Ziaur Rahman made him deputy chief of army staff in 1975 and chief of army staff, with the rank of lieutenant general, in 1978, and he became Zia's closest politico-military counsellor. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Coup and presidency",
     "markdown": "After Ziaur Rahman's assassination in 1981 Ershad remained loyal to the elected government of Abdus Sattar, then overthrew it on 24 March 1982, ruling as chief martial law administrator before taking the presidency himself on 11 December 1983. His government carried out a land reforms ordinance in 1984, promised divestment of nationalised industries, and introduced the upazila system of rural administration. In June 1988 his parliament passed the constitutional amendment that made Islam the state religion of Bangladesh, abandoning the secularism of the original constitution — a decision of state policy by his government, recorded here as such. He played a key role in the founding summit of SAARC at Dhaka in 1985. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}\n\nFacing mass demonstrations mobilised by Sheikh Hasina's Awami League and Khaleda Zia's BNP, Ershad resigned on 6 December 1990; Chief Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed succeeded him as acting president. In 2011 the Supreme Court declared Ershad's military rule illegal, while leaving its acts in force until parliament decided their fate. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Later career",
     "markdown": "Ershad's Jatiya Party contested the elections of the democratic era, sometimes in alliance with the Awami League, and he won parliamentary seats at Rangpur and elsewhere in 1991, 1996 and 2008, on the last occasion winning three constituencies at once. After the 2014 election the Jatiya Party became the official opposition while also joining the government benches, and Ershad served as a special envoy of the prime minister from 2014 to 2018 and as leader of the opposition in 2019. He faced a long series of corruption prosecutions, with mixed outcomes, over these decades. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Religious views, as reported",
     "markdown": "The English article's short \"Religious views\" section reports one personal fact: that Ershad was a devotee of the Sufi Pir Atroshi and spent considerable time with him during his presidency, citing Sufia M. Uddin's scholarly study of religion and politics in Bangladesh (2006). The museum records this as a single attestation of personal devotion; the Arabic article's infobox gives his religion as Islam without naming a school, and no second independent source names an affiliation for him, so his faith is recorded as unknown in the data, with the attestations preserved in the faith note. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en} {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "Ershad was admitted to the Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, on 26 June 2019 and died there on 14 July 2019; the Arabic article names myelodysplastic syndrome as the cause. A state funeral was held two days after his death. {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en} {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hussain-muhammad-ershad",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "حسین محمد ارشاد (1 فروری 1930ء – 14 جولائی 2019ء) بنگلہ دیشی فوجی افسر اور سیاست دان تھے جو 1983ء سے 1990ء تک بنگلہ دیش کے صدر رہے۔ انھوں نے 24 مارچ 1982ء کو غیر خونی بغاوت کے ذریعے اقتدار سنبھالا، 1986ء میں جاتیہ پارٹی قائم کی اور اس کے سربراہ رہے۔ دسمبر 1990ء میں عوامی بغاوت نے انھیں مستعفی ہونے پر مجبور کیا، جس کے بعد وہ 1991ء سے وفات تک ہر عام انتخاب میں رنگ پور-3 سے رکن پارلیمنٹ منتخب ہوتے رہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en} {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی اور فوجی زندگی",
     "markdown": "ارشاد دینہاتہ (کوچ بہار، برطانوی ہند) میں ایک بنگالی مسلم خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ڈھاکہ یونیورسٹی سے 1950ء میں فارغ التحصیل ہونے کے بعد 1952ء میں پاک فوج میں کمیشن حاصل کیا۔ 1971ء کی جنگ کے دوران مغربی پاکستان میں نظر بند رہے، 1973ء میں وطن واپس آئے اور 1978ء میں چیف آف آرمی اسٹاف بنے۔ {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "صدارت",
     "markdown": "بغاوت کے بعد وہ چیف مارشل لا ایڈمنسٹریٹر رہے اور 11 دسمبر 1983ء کو خود صدر بن گئے۔ ان کی حکومت نے 1984ء میں زمینی اصلاحات کا آرڈیننس جاری کیا اور جون 1988ء میں آئینی ترمیم کے ذریعے اسلام کو ریاستی مذہب قرار دیا — یہ ان کی حکومت کی ریاستی پالیسی تھی۔ 1985ء میں ڈھاکہ میں سارک کی بانی کانفرنس میں ان کا نمایاں کردار رہا۔ اپوزیشن کی عوامی تحریک کے بعد انھوں نے 6 دسمبر 1990ء کو استعفا دیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "دینی رجحان، جیسا کہ مصادر بیان کرتے ہیں",
     "markdown": "انگریزی مقالے کا مختصر حصہ ایک ذاتی واقعہ بیان کرتا ہے: ارشاد صوفی پیر اٹروشی کے مرید تھے اور اپنی صدارت کے دوران ان کے پاس کافی وقت گزارتے تھے — یہ بیان صوفیہ ایم۔ الدین کی 2006ء کی علمی تحقیق کے حوالے سے ہے۔ عربی مقالے کے معلوماتی خانے میں ان کا مذہب صرف «اسلام» درج ہے؛ کوئی دوسرا آزاد مصدر ان کے لیے کوئی مسلک نہیں بتاتا، اس لیے عجائب گھر کے اعداد و شمار میں ان کا عقیدہ «نامعلوم» درج ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en} {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات",
     "markdown": "ارشاد 26 جون 2019ء کو مشترکہ فوجی ہسپتال ڈھاکہ میں داخل ہوئے اور 14 جولائی 2019ء کو وہیں وفات پا گئے؛ عربی مقالہ وفات کی وجہ مائیلوڈسپلاسٹک سنڈروم بتاتا ہے۔ دو دن بعد ان کی سرکاری آخری رسومات ادا کی گئیں۔ {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en} {cite:wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ماخذ",
     "markdown": "- اوپر مذکور معرّف مصدر اکائیاں، جو `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔\n- اس مقالے کی ہر نظر ثانی کی تاریخ درج ہونی چاہیے اور ہر بدلی ہوئی حقیقت کا مصدر نامزد ہونا چاہیے۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hussain-muhammad-ershad",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abderrahmane-youssoufi",
  "person/ahmed-lemu",
  "person/ali-hassan-mwinyi",
  "person/ali-yafie",
  "person/beji-caid-essebsi",
  "person/dahiru-bauchi",
  "person/hosni-mubarak",
  "person/maimun-zubair",
  "person/mir-hazar-khan-khoso",
  "person/mufti-abdul-razzaq",
  "person/sabah-al-ahmad-al-jaber-al-sabah",
  "person/shahabuddin-ahmed"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/dhaka",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hussain-muhammad-ershad-ar"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/a-k-fazlul-huq",
  "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
  "person/fazle-hasan-abed",
  "person/fazlur-rahman-khan",
  "person/huseyn-shaheed-suhrawardy",
  "person/iajuddin-ahmed",
  "person/jamilur-reza-choudhury",
  "person/kamal-hossain"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}