{
 "id": "person/hussein-kamel-of-egypt",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "hussein-kamel-of-egypt",
 "label": {
  "ar": "حسين كامل",
  "en": "Hussein Kamel of Egypt",
  "ur": "حسین کامل"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "سلطان مصر من 19 ديسمبر 1914 إلى 9 أكتوبر 1917، الابن الثاني للخديوي إسماعيل. نصبته بريطانيا بعد عزل ابن أخيه الخديوي عباس حلمي الثاني، ونجا من محاولتي اغتيال سنة 1915، ولما توفي رفض ابنه كمال الدين حسين أن يخلفه فاعتلى أخوه أحمد فؤاد العرش باسم فؤاد الأول.",
  "en": "Sultan of Egypt from 19 December 1914 to 9 October 1917, the second son of Khedive Isma'il. Britain installed him after deposing his nephew, Khedive Abbas Hilmi II; he survived two assassination attempts in 1915, and on his death his son Kamal el Dine Hussein declined the throne, so his brother Ahmed Fuad succeeded him as Fuad I.",
  "ur": "مصر کے سلطان 19 دسمبر 1914 سے 9 اکتوبر 1917 تک، خدیو اسماعیل کے دوسرے بیٹے۔ برطانیہ نے انہیں اپنے بھتیجے خدیو عباس حلمی ثانی کو معزول کر کے بٹھایا؛ وہ 1915 میں قتل کی دو کوششوں سے بچ گئے، اور ان کی وفات پر ان کے بیٹے کمال الدین حسین نے تخت سے انکار کر دیا تو ان کے بھائی احمد فؤاد، فؤاد اول کے نام سے، جانشین ہوئے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "egypt-nile"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1853.8881017406243,
  "latest": 1917.7716859346556
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1853-11-21",
   "hijri": "1270",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English, Arabic and French articles all give 21 November 1853, at Cairo; Wikidata's day-precision value gives 21 October 1853. The articles are followed and the Wikidata reading is preserved here. The Arabic article's categories independently give his birth year as 1270 AH, matching the derived conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-fr",
    "source/wikidata-hussein-kamel"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1917-10-09",
   "hijri": "1335",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "All sources agree on 9 October 1917, at Cairo. The English article gives his burial place as the Al-Rifai Mosque in Cairo. The Arabic article's categories independently give his death year as 1335 AH, matching the derived conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-fr",
    "source/wikidata-hussein-kamel"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "حسين كامل",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Hussein Kamel",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Hussein Kamal",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "ruler"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1853-11-21",
   "hijri": "1270",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English, Arabic and French articles all give 21 November 1853, at Cairo; Wikidata's day-precision value gives 21 October 1853. The articles are followed and the Wikidata reading is preserved here. The Arabic article's categories independently give his birth year as 1270 AH, matching the derived conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-fr",
    "source/wikidata-hussein-kamel"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1917-10-09",
   "hijri": "1335",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "All sources agree on 9 October 1917, at Cairo. The English article gives his burial place as the Al-Rifai Mosque in Cairo. The Arabic article's categories independently give his death year as 1335 AH, matching the derived conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-fr",
    "source/wikidata-hussein-kamel"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "Wikidata (Q365930) carries a single religion value, Sunni Islam (Q483654) — one structured-data value. No article supports a school: the English article's infobox has no religion field and its text makes no statement of his faith (its only religious trace is the category 'Egyptian Muslims', a filing, which never attests), and the Arabic and French articles name no religion for him. A single structured value beside silent articles is one source family, not two independent sources, so the value stays unknown and the Sunni reading is preserved here.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en",
     "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar",
     "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-fr",
     "source/wikidata-hussein-kamel"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q365930"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en",
   "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-fr",
   "source/wikidata-hussein-kamel"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Hussein Kamel of Egypt' (revision 1381436939 of 22 October 2026), Arabic Wikipedia 'حسين كامل (سلطان)' (revision 76072197 of 2 August 2026) and French Wikipedia 'Hussein Kamal' (revision 237233414 of 21 June 2026), both non-English titles taken from the Wikidata sitelinks, and Wikidata item Q365930 (item revision 2536662875 of 26 August 2026), all read directly on 26 October 2026 and all articles fetched by revision id with the returned revisions asserted equal. Existence was checked by name fragments over data/person/ and by the grounded QID over data/person/ and data/source/ before building; no record existed (the existing kamil-pasha is Mehmed Kamil Pasha, Q367997, an Ottoman grand vizier, a different man). Edges, in words: he was born, died and is buried in Cairo (place/cairo, existing); he succeeded Abbas Hilmi II as ruler of Egypt on 19 December 1914, the title changing from Khedive to Sultan (successor_of person/abbas-hilmi-ii, existing); and he was an elder brother of Fuad I (sibling_of person/fuad-i-of-egypt, written once here and built in this same batch). No child_of edge to his father Isma'il: no museum record for Khedive Isma'il (Q159378) exists. His faith is unknown for the reasons stated in the faith note.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-48"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ملخص",
     "markdown": "حسين كامل (21 نوفمبر 1853 – 9 أكتوبر 1917) سلطان مصر من 19 ديسمبر 1914 إلى 9 أكتوبر 1917، في زمن الحماية البريطانية. هو الابن الثاني للخديوي إسماعيل، نُصّب سلطانًا بعد أن عزل البريطانيون ابن أخيه الخديوي عباس حلمي الثاني، فانتهت بذلك السيادة الاسمية العثمانية على مصر؛ وكان أول من حمل لقب سلطان مصر منذ طومان باي الثاني سنة 1517. {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "قبل السلطنة",
     "markdown": "تولّى قبل سنة 1914 مناصب في مصر: تذكر المقالة العربية نظارة الأشغال العمومية حيث أنشأ سكة حديد القاهرة–حلوان، ثم نظارة المالية، فرئاسة مجلس شورى القوانين (1909–1910 بحسب جداول المقالة الإنجليزية). {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "عهده",
     "markdown": "أُعلن سلطانًا على مصر في 19 ديسمبر 1914 بعد أن عزلت قوات الاحتلال البريطانية عباس حلمي الثاني في 5 نوفمبر 1914. وقُدّمت السلطنة الجديدة بوصفها استعادة لسلطنة مصر ما قبل العثمانيين، لكنها كانت حماية بريطانية وكانت السلطة السياسية والعسكرية الفعلية بيد البريطانيين. وفي سنة 1915 نجا من محاولتي اغتيال: رصاصة أُطلقت على عربته في القاهرة في 8 أبريل، وقنبلة أُلقيت على عربته في 9 يوليو وهو في طريقه إلى مسجد لصلاة الجمعة. {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاته والخلافة",
     "markdown": "توفي في القاهرة في 9 أكتوبر 1917 ودُفن في مسجد الرفاعي بالقاهرة. ورفض ابنه الوحيد الأمير كمال الدين حسين أن يخلفه، فاعتلى أخوه أحمد فؤاد العرش باسم فؤاد الأول. {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hussein-kamel-of-egypt",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Hussein Kamel (21 November 1853 – 9 October 1917) was Sultan of Egypt from 19 December 1914 to 9 October 1917, during the British protectorate. The second son of Khedive Isma'il, he was declared sultan after the British deposed his nephew, Khedive Abbas Hilmi II, ending Egypt's nominal Ottoman sovereignty; he was the first man to hold the title Sultan of Egypt since Tuman Bay II in 1517. {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en} {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Before the sultanate",
     "markdown": "Before 1914 he had held office in Egypt: the Arabic article records his tenure at the ministry of public works, where he built the Cairo–Helwan railway, then at the ministry of finance, and the presidency of the Legislative Council (1909–1910 in the English article's succession boxes). {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Reign",
     "markdown": "He was declared Sultan of Egypt on 19 December 1914, after the occupying British forces had deposed Abbas Hilmi II on 5 November 1914. The new sultanate was presented as a restoration of the pre-Ottoman Egyptian sultanate, but it was a British protectorate, with effective political and military power in British hands. In 1915 he survived two assassination attempts: a shot fired at his carriage in Cairo on 8 April, and a bomb thrown at his carriage on 9 July as he travelled to a mosque for Friday prayers. {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en} {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-fr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death and succession",
     "markdown": "He died in Cairo on 9 October 1917 and was buried at the Al-Rifai Mosque in Cairo. His only son, Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein, declined the succession, and his brother Ahmed Fuad ascended the throne as Fuad I. {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en} {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hussein-kamel-of-egypt",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "حسین کامل (21 نومبر 1853 – 9 اکتوبر 1917) برطانوی تحفظ کے دور میں 19 دسمبر 1914 سے 9 اکتوبر 1917 تک مصر کے سلطان رہے۔ خدیو اسماعیل کے دوسرے بیٹے، انہیں انگریزوں نے اپنے بھتیجے خدیو عباس حلمی ثانی کو معزول کر کے سلطان اعلان کیا، جس سے مصر پر عثمانی برائے نام حاکمیت ختم ہو گئی؛ وہ 1517 میں تومان بے ثانی کے بعد «سلطانِ مصر» کا لقب رکھنے والے پہلے شخص تھے۔ {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "سلطنت سے پہلے",
     "markdown": "1914 سے پہلے وہ مصر میں عہدوں پر رہے: عربی مقالے کے مطابق نظارۂ اشغالِ عامہ، جہاں انہوں نے قاہرہ–حلوان ریلوے بنوائی، پھر نظارۂ مالیات، اور مجلسِ شوریٰ القوانین کی صدارت (انگریزی مقالے کے مطابق 1909–1910)۔ {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "دورِ حکومت",
     "markdown": "انہیں 19 دسمبر 1914 کو مصر کا سلطان اعلان کیا گیا، جب قابض برطانوی افواج نے 5 نومبر 1914 کو عباس حلمی ثانی کو معزول کر دیا تھا۔ نئی سلطنت کو عثمانی دور سے پہلے کی مصری سلطنت کی بحالی کے طور پر پیش کیا گیا، لیکن یہ برطانوی تحفظ تھی اور اصل سیاسی و عسکری طاقت انگریزوں کے ہاتھ میں تھی۔ 1915 میں وہ قتل کی دو کوششوں سے بچ گئے: 8 اپریل کو قاہرہ میں ان کی گاڑی پر گولی چلی، اور 9 جولائی کو نمازِ جمعہ کے لیے مسجد جاتے ہوئے ان کی گاڑی پر بم پھینکا گیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات اور جانشینی",
     "markdown": "وہ 9 اکتوبر 1917 کو قاہرہ میں وفات پا گئے اور قاہرہ کی مسجد الرفاعی میں دفن ہوئے۔ ان کے اکلوتے بیٹے شہزادہ کمال الدین حسین نے جانشینی سے انکار کر دیا، تو ان کے بھائی احمد فؤاد، فؤاد اول کے نام سے، تخت پر بیٹھے۔ {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-ar} {cite:wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hussein-kamel-of-egypt",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 12,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abadi-bano-begum",
  "person/abd-al-razzaq-al-bitar",
  "person/akbar-allahabadi",
  "person/ali-hajji-of-akusha",
  "person/amadou-bamba",
  "person/badreddin-al-hasani",
  "person/deli-fuad-pasha",
  "person/deni-arsanov",
  "person/emily-ruete",
  "person/hasan-rami-pasha",
  "person/hasan-riza-efendi",
  "person/huseyn-efendi-qayibov"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
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   "to": "person/fuad-i-of-egypt",
   "type": "predecessor_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
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  {
   "to": "place/cairo",
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   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
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  {
   "to": "person/abbas-hilmi-ii",
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   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hussein-kamel-en",
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   "sources": [
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 ],
 "related": [
  "person/fuad-i-of-egypt",
  "place/cairo",
  "building/al-azhar",
  "building/dar-al-hikma-cairo",
  "event/baybars-sultan-accession-658",
  "event/capture-of-cairo-1517",
  "event/death-of-shirkuh-564",
  "event/egypt-earthquake-608"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}