{
 "id": "person/iajuddin-ahmed",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "iajuddin-ahmed",
 "label": {
  "ar": "عياض الدين أحمد",
  "en": "Iajuddin Ahmed",
  "ur": "عیاض الدین احمد"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "عالم تربة ورجل دولة بنغلاديشي (1 فبراير 1931 – 10 ديسمبر 2012)، أستاذ في جامعة دكا ورئيس قسم علوم التربة فيها، تولى رئاسة بنغلاديش من 2002 إلى 2009، وجمع إليها منصب المستشار الرئيسي للحكومة المؤقتة في 2006–2007 حتى أُعلنت حالة الطوارئ المدعومة عسكريًا في 11 يناير 2007 فاستقال من المنصب الثاني وبقي رئيسًا حتى 2009.",
  "en": "Bangladeshi soil scientist and statesman (1 February 1931 – 10 December 2012), a professor and department chairman at the University of Dhaka who served as president of Bangladesh from 2002 to 2009 and, controversially, held the chief advisership of the caretaker government in 2006–07 as well, until the military-backed state of emergency of 11 January 2007 forced him to resign the second post while remaining president until 2009.",
  "ur": "بنگلہ دیشی ماہرِ ارضیات اور سیاست دان (1 فروری 1931ء – 10 دسمبر 2012ء)، ڈھاکہ یونیورسٹی کے پروفیسر اور شعبہ علومِ ارضی کے سربراہ، 2002ء سے 2009ء تک بنگلہ دیش کے صدر رہے اور 2006ء–2007ء میں نگراں حکومت کے چیف ایڈوائزر کا عہدہ بھی سنبھالا، حتیٰ کہ 11 جنوری 2007ء کی فوجی حمایت یافتہ ایمرجنسی کے بعد اس دوسرے عہدے سے مستعفی ہوئے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1931.0833898026654,
  "latest": 2012.9440714045832
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1931-02-01",
   "hijri": "1349",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born on 1 February 1931 at Nayagaon village in Bikrampur, Bengal Presidency, as the English article gives — the dating followed here; the Arabic article gives 28 February 1931, a variant recorded here and not followed (the English dating agrees with the Encyclopaedia Britannica entry cited by the Egyptian-Arabic edition). No born_in relation is written: Bikrampur and Nayagaon have no museum place entity. The Hijri year (1349) is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en",
    "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "2012-12-10",
   "hijri": "1434",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died on 10 December 2012 at Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, after heart surgery and kidney complications; the Arabic article names cardiovascular disease as the cause. His body was flown to Dhaka and he was buried at Banani graveyard after four namaz-e-janaza, as the English article recounts. The Hijri year (1434) is derived by tabular conversion. No died_in relation is written: Bangkok has no museum place entity.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en",
    "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Iajuddin Ahmed",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "عياض الدين أحمد",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "عیاض الدین احمد",
    "kind": "full"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "politician",
   "teacher"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1931-02-01",
   "hijri": "1349",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born on 1 February 1931 at Nayagaon village in Bikrampur, Bengal Presidency, as the English article gives — the dating followed here; the Arabic article gives 28 February 1931, a variant recorded here and not followed (the English dating agrees with the Encyclopaedia Britannica entry cited by the Egyptian-Arabic edition). No born_in relation is written: Bikrampur and Nayagaon have no museum place entity. The Hijri year (1349) is derived by tabular conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en",
    "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "2012-12-10",
   "hijri": "1434",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died on 10 December 2012 at Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, after heart surgery and kidney complications; the Arabic article names cardiovascular disease as the cause. His body was flown to Dhaka and he was buried at Banani graveyard after four namaz-e-janaza, as the English article recounts. The Hijri year (1434) is derived by tabular conversion. No died_in relation is written: Bangkok has no museum place entity.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en",
    "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "Recorded unknown, flagged — the reading rests on family background and one structured family, with no second independent source naming a school. The English article carries no religion field and names no affiliation for him: it records that his father was 'the Muslim cleric Maulavi Muhammad Ibrahim' — family background, which never counts — that he was provost of Salimullah Muslim Hall (a university post), and that four namaz-e-janaza were held for him (funeral rites, not an attestation of school). The Arabic article's infobox gives his religion as Islam, generically — the same structured value the Esperanto and Korean editions' infoboxes carry from Wikidata; the Chinese edition's infobox alone specifies 'Sunni Muslim', a single-edition structured value of that same one family, not an independent text. No independent text names a school for him personally, so under the doubt rule the value stays unknown, with the attestations preserved here.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en",
     "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en",
   "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "Built 27 October 2026 for wave 113 §A of the century-additions queue (queue line 616, 'Iajuddin Ahmed — 1931–2012', verified against the queue copy on origin/main) from the English Wikipedia article read in full and the Arabic article read in its infobox and lead on 27 October 2026. IDENTITY: pinned by biography to the University of Dhaka soil-science professor who was president 2002–2009, born at Bikrampur in 1931 and deceased at Bangkok on 10 December 2012. EXISTENCE: checked three ways before building — name-fragment greps (iajuddin) across all of data/person/ returned no person file and no mention; his Wikidata QID Q165672, grounded through the authority file of his Wikimedia Commons category, was grepped across all data/person/ files with no match; and the biography matches no existing record. ENVIRONMENT LIMITATION: the reading route exposes no revision identifiers, so the sources are recorded on the consultation-date precedent (issued 27 October 2026), no Wikidata source file is created and no external_ids are recorded, although the QID was grounded for the existence check; no revision identifier was invented. RELATIONS: buried_in Dhaka is written because place/dhaka exists and the English article states his burial at Banani graveyard, Dhaka; no born_in (Bikrampur has no entity) and no died_in (Bangkok has no entity). No succession edge is written: the presidential sequence is an office sequence, not personal succession. His faith is recorded unknown, flagged, on the family-background-plus-one-structured-family configuration set out in the faith note. The Arabic article's 28 February 1931 birth variant is disclosed in the born note; the English dating is followed.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-113"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ملخص",
     "markdown": "عياض الدين أحمد (1 فبراير 1931 – 10 ديسمبر 2012) عالم تربة ورجل دولة بنغلاديشي، تولى رئاسة بنغلاديش من 2002 إلى 2009. كان أستاذًا لعلوم التربة في جامعة دكا ورئيس قسمها، وجمع إلى الرئاسة منصب المستشار الرئيسي للحكومة المؤقتة في 2006–2007 حتى أنهت حالة الطوارئ المدعومة عسكريًا في يناير 2007 ذلك الجمع المثير للجدل. {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar} {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "النشأة والتعليم",
     "markdown": "وُلد أحمد في قرية ناياغاون في بكرمبور بإقليم البنغال، ابنًا لمولوي محمد إبراهيم، وهو عالم دين مسلم. (تعطي المقالة العربية تاريخ مولده 28 فبراير 1931؛ والتاريخ المتبع هنا — 1 فبراير — هو ما في المقالة الإنجليزية ويوافق مدخل الموسوعة البريطانية الذي تستشهد به نسخة أخرى.) نال شهادة الثانوية في منشيغانج سنة 1948، والبكالوريوس والماجستير في الجيولوجيا من جامعة دكا في 1952 و1954، والماجستير والدكتوراة من جامعة ويسكونسن–ماديسون في 1958 و1962. {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en} {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المسيرة الأكاديمية والعامة",
     "markdown": "عاد أحمد إلى دكا فترقّى إلى أستاذ كامل ورئيس قسم علوم التربة وعميد كلية العلوم البيولوجية ومشرف دار سليمالله الإسلامية، ويُنسب إليه ابتكار أسلوب لحفظ مغذيات التربة وإطلاقها بحسب حاجة النبات. ترأس لجنة الخدمة العامة من 1991 إلى 1993 ولجنة المنح الجامعية من 1995 إلى 1999، وقاد اتحاد أساتذة الجامعات في الحركة المناوئة للاستبداد في التسعينيات، وصار رئيسًا سنة 2002 مرشحًا وحيدًا مسجلًا في الانتخابات. وساعد سنة 2004 في تأسيس جامعة أتيش ديبانكار الخاصة للعلوم والتكنولوجيا. {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المستشار الرئيسي وطوارئ 2007",
     "markdown": "أجاز الدستور للرئيس أن يتولى منصب المستشار الرئيسي للحكومة المؤقتة عند تعذّر الاتفاق على مرشح آخر؛ فأدى أحمد اليمين في 29 أكتوبر 2006 مع بقائه رئيسًا. طالبت المعارضة باستقالته، وانسحبت رابطة عوامي وحلفاؤها في النهاية من انتخابات 22 يناير 2007 المقررة، وفي 11 يناير 2007 — وبتدخل الجيش كما تروي المقالة — أعلن أحمد حالة الطوارئ واستقال من منصب المستشار الرئيسي وعيّن المصرفي السابق فخر الدين أحمد خلفًا له. وبقي رئيسًا حتى 12 فبراير 2009 خلفه بعده زيلور رحمن. {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المرض والوفاة",
     "markdown": "خضع أحمد لجراحة قلب مفتوح في سنغافورة سنة 2006 ولجراحة قلب أخرى في أكتوبر 2012، وتوفي في 10 ديسمبر 2012 في مستشفى بومرونغراد الدولي في بانكوك. نُقل جثمانه إلى دكا، وأقيمت له أربع صلوات جنازة — في بانكوك وفي مسقط رأسه في منشيغانج وفي مسجد جامعة دكا المركزي وفي مسجد بيت المكرم الوطني — ثم دُفن في مقبرة بناني. {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en} {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المصادر",
     "markdown": "- كيانات المصادر المعرّفة المذكورة أعلاه، والمدوّنة في `data/source/`.\n- يجب أن تُؤرَّخ مراجعات هذه المقالة، وأن تسمّي المصدر الذي غيّر كل واقعة."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/iajuddin-ahmed",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Iajuddin Ahmed (1 February 1931 – 10 December 2012) was a Bangladeshi soil scientist and statesman who served as president of Bangladesh from 2002 to 2009. A professor of soil science at the University of Dhaka, he also took on the chief advisership of the caretaker government in October 2006, a dual role that ended in the military-backed emergency of January 2007. {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en} {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life and education",
     "markdown": "Ahmed was born at Nayagaon in Bikrampur, Bengal Presidency, the son of Maulavi Muhammad Ibrahim, a Muslim cleric. (The Arabic article gives his birth date as 28 February 1931; the English article's 1 February, followed here, agrees with the Encyclopaedia Britannica entry cited by another edition.) He passed his matriculation at Munshiganj in 1948, took his B.Sc. and M.Sc. in geology at the University of Dacca in 1952 and 1954, and his M.S. and Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1958 and 1962. {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en} {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Academic and public career",
     "markdown": "Returning to Dhaka, he rose to full professor and chairman of the Department of Soil Science, dean of the Faculty of Biological Sciences and provost of Salimullah Muslim Hall, and is credited with a process for preserving soil nutrients and releasing them as vegetation needs them. He chaired the Public Service Commission from 1991 to 1993 and the University Grants Commission from 1995 to 1999, led the Federation of University Teachers' Associations in the anti-autocratic movement of the 1990s, and in 2002 became president as the only candidate registered for the election. In 2004 he helped establish the private Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology. {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Chief adviser and the 2007 emergency",
     "markdown": "Under the constitution the president could take over as chief adviser of the caretaker government when no agreed candidate was available; Ahmed was sworn in on 29 October 2006 while remaining president. The opposition demanded his resignation, the Awami League alliance finally withdrew from the planned 22 January 2007 election, and on 11 January 2007, with the military's involvement as the article recounts, Ahmed declared a state of emergency, resigned as chief adviser, and appointed the former central banker Fakhruddin Ahmed to the post. He remained president until 12 February 2009, when Zillur Rahman succeeded him. {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Illness and death",
     "markdown": "Ahmed had undergone bypass heart surgery in Singapore in 2006 and further heart surgery in October 2012. He died on 10 December 2012 at Bumrungrad International Hospital in Bangkok. His body was flown to Dhaka; after four namaz-e-janaza services — in Bangkok, at his ancestral home in Munshiganj, at Dhaka University Central Masjid and at the Baitul Mukarram national mosque — he was buried at Banani graveyard. {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en} {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/iajuddin-ahmed",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "عیاض الدین احمد (1 فروری 1931ء – 10 دسمبر 2012ء) بنگلہ دیشی ماہرِ ارضیات اور سیاست دان تھے جو 2002ء سے 2009ء تک بنگلہ دیش کے صدر رہے۔ وہ ڈھاکہ یونیورسٹی کے پروفیسر اور شعبہ علومِ ارضی کے سربراہ تھے، اور 2006ء–2007ء میں صدارت کے ساتھ ساتھ نگراں حکومت کے چیف ایڈوائزر کا عہدہ بھی سنبھالا، حتیٰ کہ جنوری 2007ء کی فوجی حمایت یافتہ ایمرجنسی نے یہ دوہرا انتظام ختم کر دیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en} {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی اور تعلیم",
     "markdown": "احمد نایا گاؤں، بکرم پور میں پیدا ہوئے؛ ان کے والد مولوی محمد ابراہیم ایک مسلم عالم تھے۔ (عربی مقالہ ان کی تاریخ پیدائش 28 فروری 1931ء بتاتا ہے؛ یہاں انگریزی مقالے کی یکم فروری اختیار کی گئی ہے۔) انھوں نے ڈھاکہ یونیورسٹی سے 1952ء اور 1954ء میں ارضیات کی ڈگریاں اور وسکونسن–میڈیسن یونیورسٹی سے 1958ء اور 1962ء میں ایم ایس اور پی ایچ ڈی حاصل کی۔ {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en} {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "پیشہ اور صدارت",
     "markdown": "ڈھاکہ واپس آ کر وہ پروفیسر، شعبے کے سربراہ، ڈین اور سلیم اللہ مسلم ہال کے پرووسٹ بنے۔ 1991ء سے 1993ء تک پبلک سروس کمیشن اور 1995ء سے 1999ء تک یونیورسٹی گرانٹس کمیشن کے چیئرمین رہے، اور 2002ء میں واحد امیدوار کے طور پر صدر منتخب ہوئے۔ 29 اکتوبر 2006ء کو انھوں نے نگراں حکومت کے چیف ایڈوائزر کا حلف بھی اٹھایا۔ اپوزیشن کے بائیکاٹ اور سیاسی بحران کے بعد 11 جنوری 2007ء کو انھوں نے ایمرجنسی نافذ کی، چیف ایڈوائزر کے عہدے سے مستعفی ہوئے اور فخر الدین احمد کو یہ عہدہ سونپا؛ وہ خود 12 فروری 2009ء تک صدر رہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات",
     "markdown": "احمد 10 دسمبر 2012ء کو بنکاک کے بمرونگراڈ بین الاقوامی ہسپتال میں وفات پا گئے۔ ان کی میت ڈھاکہ لائی گئی، چار نمازِ جنازہ ادا کی گئیں، اور انھیں بنانی قبرستان میں دفنایا گیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en} {cite:wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ماخذ",
     "markdown": "- اوپر مذکور معرّف مصدر اکائیاں، جو `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔\n- اس مقالے کی ہر نظر ثانی کی تاریخ درج ہونی چاہیے اور ہر بدلی ہوئی حقیقت کا مصدر نامزد ہونا چاہیے۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/iajuddin-ahmed",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abderrahmane-youssoufi",
  "person/abdul-sattar-edhi",
  "person/abdullah-bin-abdulaziz",
  "person/ahmed-asmat-abdel-meguid",
  "person/ahmed-kathrada",
  "person/ahmed-lemu",
  "person/ali-hassan-mwinyi",
  "person/ali-javan",
  "person/ali-yafie",
  "person/amina-cachalia",
  "person/beji-caid-essebsi",
  "person/boutros-boutros-ghali"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/dhaka",
   "type": "buried_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-iajuddin-ahmed-en"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/a-k-fazlul-huq",
  "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
  "person/fazle-hasan-abed",
  "person/fazlur-rahman-khan",
  "person/huseyn-shaheed-suhrawardy",
  "person/hussain-muhammad-ershad",
  "person/jamilur-reza-choudhury",
  "person/kamal-hossain"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}